| 1. |
- Brunzell, Tor, et al.
(författare)
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Board evaluation in the top Nordic football clubs
- 2012
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Ingår i: Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal. - : Emerald. - 2042-678X. ; 2:3, s. 210-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to study if and how the evaluation of the boards in the top Nordic male football clubs affects the boards’ composition and work.Design/methodology/approach: The study includes all the clubs in the two top divisions in each of the five Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden). The study makes use of a questionnaire where 66 (out of 145) chairmen answer 17 questions concerning the board composition and work on a five-point Likert-scale.Findings: The responses were related to whether the board is annually evaluated or not. Descriptive statistics demonstrates that more than half of the clubs have an annual board evaluation. Most common is that the Chairman performs the evaluation himself/herself with help from designated board members; the evaluation being performed through informal discussions. A total of 44 clubs have a nominee committee. Almost all of the clubs transfer the result of the board evaluation to its nominee committee, most commonly verbally. Furthermore, results show that board evaluation has a significant positive effect on the following functions of football boards: review of business plan, strategy, objective and budget; discussion on short-term development; discussion on long-term development; and work efficiency.Originality/value: The results of this study are consistent with a similar study of listed Nordic companies. The main difference between the results of the two studies is that clubs, unlike publicly listed companies, almost always perform the evaluation through internal interviews rarely using external consultants and individual anonymous questionnaires.
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| 2. |
- Dolles, Harald, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Addressing Ecology and Sustainability in Mega-sporting Events : The 2006 Football World Cup in Germany
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Management and Organization. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1833-3672 .- 1839-3527. ; 16:4, s. 587-600
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the first time in the history of FIFA (Federation Internationale de Football Association), the football (soccer) World Cup held in Germany 2006 specifically addressed environmental concerns. By doing so, the German Organizing Committee did not have the objective of creating a short-term vision, but rather of making a long-term and lasting contribution to the improvement of environmental protection in hosting a mega-sporting event. By taking the football world cup in Germany as a case study, we will provide insights into the so-called 'Green Goal' programme and its four main areas: water, waste, energy, and transportation. From a global point of view, climate protection was added by the Organizing Committee as the fifth area of action and was recognised as a cross-sectorial task. Finally, questions are addressed on how to apply those measurements in the planning and organisation of other mega (-sporting) events.
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| 3. |
- Dolles, Harald, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Twenty years of development of the J-League : analysing the business parameters of professional football in Japan
- 2013
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Ingår i: Soccer & Society. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1466-0970 .- 1743-9590. ; 14:5, s. 702-721
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By considering the implementation, as well as the immediate and sustainable success of the Japanese professional soccer (hence: football) league (J-League) during its first two decades as a neglected research example, we apply the ‘network of value captures’ research framework to the Japanese context. This research framework identifies and describes the business parameters of professional football by the following dimensions: (1) the product and its features; (2) various customer groups; and (3) the future vision of the club as central to different levels of strategy aggregation. The outcome of this research provides insight into the management of football in Japan by revealing different practices compared to Europe e.g. in target customer groups, in associated product marketing and merchandizing and in distribution of media revenues. The success story of the J-League also contributes to an increasing international awareness of Japanese football, its players and its fans.
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| 4. |
- Jansson, Hans, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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A typology of market-seeking investments : Swedish firms in China
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Emerging Markets. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1746-8809 .- 1746-8817. ; 14:1, s. 254-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose Regarding globalization trends, it is essential for multinational corporations (MNCs) to operate in China if they are to succeed in the international business environment. It is therefore vital to study how those MNCs investing in China have fared. The purpose of this paper is to devise a robust conceptual framework for the evolvement of market-seeking investments in emerging markets. Design/methodology/approach The typology is based on a network approach to internationalization processes, where a case study is made of Swedish MNCs' experience of the Chinese market. Findings The case study contributes to the mostly static foreign direct investment (FDI) theory as well as the entry mode approach, both of which have paid little attention to the FDI carried out by MNCs in emerging markets 5-15 years after initial entry. Originality/value The case study also contributes to the mostly static FDI theory as well as the entry mode approach, both of which have paid little attention to the various types of FDI carried out by MNCs in emerging markets 5-15 years after initial entry.
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| 5. |
- Jansson, Hans, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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Initial Internationalization of Chinese Privately-Owned Enterprises – The Take-off Process
- 2012
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Ingår i: Thunderbird International Business Review. - : Wiley. - 1096-4762 .- 1520-6874. ; 54:2, s. 183-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the first quarter of 2010, China showed the highest quarterly growth (12%) of any country ever. Although privately owned enterprises (POEs) are an important factor behind this immense growth, knowledge about how they have become key exporters is scarce and largely overlooked, especially regarding how they started to go abroad. Two major take-off processes from the domestic market to the foreign market are studied. The critical importance of the development of the local emerging market behind the possibilities of taking off is stressed, as well as how firms change between indirect and direct export modes. The research is based on an abductive case study research approach, where primary data is collected through interviews in the Yangtze River region. The case study involves six privately owned family firms run by strong and dominating entrepreneurs. Major empirical and theoretical conclusions, including nine propositions, summarize the article and indicate areas for further research.
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| 6. |
- Söderman, Sten, et al.
(författare)
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Sponsoring the Beijing Olympic Games : patterns of sponsor advertising
- 2010
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Ingår i: Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics. - : Emerald. - 1355-5855 .- 1758-4248. ; 22:1, s. 8-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify and describe the key driving forces in international sponsorship during the years preceding the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing.Design/methodology/approach: A "means-objectives model" is applied, thereby linking sponsorship to brand equity factors and to strategic aims. Co-branding, revenue streams and new customers are identified as means factors. The objective factors are presented in three dimensions: product, corporation and region. The analysis is based on 492 advertisements, articles and press releases collected from Chinese newspapers and Chinese official web pages covering the period 2001-2007.Findings: Analysis sees seven dominant means-objectives combinations in sponsorship leading to different pattern of sponsor advertising strategies depending on the lead time to the Olympic Games. First, sponsors mainly focus on co-branding marketing efforts. In the second stage, global Olympic sponsors link co-branding with corporation image, Chinese brands are focusing on product/corporation image and new customers. In the third stage global Olympic sponsors focus more on local markets and customers in advertising. Chinese brands tend to keep an activation strategy based on revenue and product. Only a few local sponsors place emphasis on leveraging their sponsorship investment toward creating an international image.Research limitations/implications: Data collection is limited to a period of altogether three months in 2006 and 2007, focusing on Chinese print media available in Beijing and Shanghai universities' libraries. Given the size of the Chinese media market the data therefore consist only of a random selection of advertisements. Further, the sample does not cover different marketing channels, like TV, radio etc., which might also be part of the sponsor's advertising strategy.Originality/value: In addition to providing further understanding of Olympic sponsor advertising behavior and sponsorship in an emerging market context, this paper provides insights into how the strategic aims related to sponsorship depended on the level of internationalization of the firm.
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| 7. |
- Filipsson, Daniel, 1975-
(författare)
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In-Between Brands : Exploring the Essence of Brand Portfolio Management
- 2008
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During the past two decades research has shown that brands are among a company’s most valuable assets. However, in today’s competitive landscape, it is not enough to just create strong brands. The focus lies rather in managing a range of brand lever-age strategies within complex brand portfolios. Moreover, the majority of today’s established brand concepts do not represent the reality of contemporary brand man-agement. Instead, they tend to be based on dichotomies and simplifications. In addi-tion, there is a lack of criticism towards many of the established brand concepts resulting in the reduction of brand management to a number of static categories and stagnated definitions – thereby missing out on the analysis of important intersec-tional issues between the various categories. This book explores the somewhat for-gotten area of intersection, investigating the territory in-between brands.The methods used consist of a literature review covering some of the most influ-ential brand models within the area of brand portfolio and brand leverage as well as an empirical case study including the following seven brands: Adidas, Bang & Oluf-sen, Electrolux, H&M, Microsoft, Peak Performance and W. L. Gore & Associates.The findings show that conventional brand management models and terminology do not fully explain common marketplace strategies and practice. As a result, this research introduces a more realistic viewpoint and dynamic framework that is based on convergence and that allows migration and iteration rather than today’s static approach. The framework, named the brand leverage palette, introduces various nuances between different leverage strategies, both adding clarity and offering guid-ance by explaining different migration movements among today’s brand portfolios.
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| 8. |
- Jüriado, Rein
(författare)
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Learning within and between public-private partnerships
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Local and national governments face increasing demands for modern, high-quality public services. To meet these challenges, a growing number of public organisations has, in the past few decades, ventured into public-private partnerships (PPP), a novel approach to improving public services by using the expertise accumulated in the private sector. Given that PPPs are often established for complex infrastructure projects, which may last for several decades and involve considerable investment from the partners, learning both within and between public-private partnerships is of utmost importance.Triangulation is employed in this dissertation to explore who learns, what is learned and how learning occurs in PPPs. Three case studies from Estonia and Sweden provide the main empirical insight into the topic. In addition, findings from expert interviews carried out at the European Investment Bank and a pan-European database of over 800 PPPs are compared with the case study results.The dissertation finds that public-private partnerships challenge existing theories on organisational learning because learning dynamics in PPPs take a different form than that found in strategic alliances. Organisational learning in public-private partnerships can be understood as occurring on five interrelated levels, each of which is characterised by a specific set of indicators put forward in this dissertation. The indicators take into account the creation and development of routines, flexibility, absorption of new knowledge, and informal learning. A managerial implication of the study is that institutional support for learning is likely to remain in the shadow of private sector consultancies unless the role of the PPP knowledge centres is rethought.
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| 9. |
- Lund, Ragnar, 1979-
(författare)
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Leveraging cooperative strategy - cases of sports and arts sponsorship
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis describes and analyzes factors that shape and characterise cooperative strategy in sports and arts sponsorship. Organisations in the fields of sport and art are becoming increasingly dependent on sponsors for survival and growth. Relative to the impact that these externally acquired resources have on decision making, a theoretical and practical understanding of how such relationships develop, and the factors that influence their outcome, is lagging behind. Sponsorship strategy is based on the indirect exchange relationship between a sponsor and its customers. The relationship between the two is mediated by a sports or arts organization. In the studies I am developing theory on how dynamic capabilities of sports and arts organizations are formed in the interaction with their sponsors and how these can leverage cooperative strategy. The findings are presented in four articles. They are based on two longitudinal case studies: the first, with a large scale sports entity; the second, with a Swedish arts organization. Both were in the process of developing and implementing sponsorship programs. I studied these two organizations, and their interactions with selected sponsors, through a combination of research techniques - including interviews and action research - over a three year period. This is the first attempt to empirically demonstrate how capabilities and resources in the sports and arts fields are formed and evolve through interaction with commercial sponsors. Key factors that impact the value creation from combined resources through partner capabilities are: transparency, legitimacy, goal convergence, power asymmetries, resource complementarities, and systems for knowledge sharing. Individual level capabilities are network brokers who hold responsibility for both internal resource mobilization and identifying potential synergies between partners. Organizational capabilities are the infrastructure through which partners operated.
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| 10. |
- Dolles, Harald, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Learning from Success: Implementing a Professional Football League in Japan
- 2011
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Ingår i: Sport as Business: International, Professional and Commercial Aspects. - Houndmills, Basingstoke (UK) : Palgrave Macmillan. ; , s. 228-250
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- By considering the implementation, as well as the immediate and sustainable success of the Japanese professional football league (J-League) during its first two decades as a neglected research example, the authors apply the “network of value captures” research framework to the Japanese context. This research framework identifies and describes the business parameters of professional football (soccer) by the following dimensions: (1) the product and its features; (2) various customer groups; and (3) the future vision of the club as central to different levels of strategy aggregation. This chapter provides insights into the management of football in Japan by revealing different practices compared to Europe e.g. in target customer groups, in associated product marketing and merchandising or in distribution of media revenues. The success-story of the J-League also contributes to an increasing international awareness of Japanese football, its players and its fans.
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