| 1. |
- Gerlee, Philip, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Scientific Models : Red Atoms, White Lies and Black Boxes in a Yellow Book
- 2016
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A zebrafish, the hull of a miniature ship, a mathematical equation and a food chain - what do these things have in common? They are examples of models used by scientists to isolate and study particular aspects of the world around us. This book begins by introducing the concept of a scientific model from an intuitive perspective, drawing parallels to mental models and artistic representations. It then recounts the history of modelling from the 16th century up until the present day. The iterative process of model building is described and discussed in the context of complex models with high predictive accuracy versus simpler models that provide more of a conceptual understanding. To illustrate the diversity of opinions within the scientific community, we also present the results of an interview study, in which ten scientists from different disciplines describe their views on modelling and how models feature in their work. Lastly, it includes a number of worked examples that span different modelling approaches and techniques. It provides a comprehensive introduction to scientific models and shows how models are constructed and used in modern science. It also addresses the approach to, and the culture surrounding modelling in different scientific disciplines. It serves as an inspiration for model building and also facilitates interdisciplinary collaborations by showing how models are used in different scientific fields. The book is aimed primarily at students in the sciences and engineering, as well as students at teacher training colleges but will also appeal to interested readers wanting to get an overview of scientific modelling in general and different modelling approaches in particular.
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| 2. |
- Hemlin, Sven, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Organizational support for innovation in biosciences: Comparing high and low performers in Sweden and Croatia
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Sociological Association, ESA 9th conference, 2-5 September, 2009, Lisbon.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a need to better understand the organizational factors influencing innovative performance. This cross-cultural study examined organizational support factors in biotech R&D groups differing in innovative performance. The objective was to twofold; first to explore how organizing influences innovativeness in R&D, and, second to examine if R&D organizing is related to nations having a low and high innovation degree, respectively. Results supported that organizing R&D as well as national innovation performance are related. Crucial organizational issues found were how much organizations encouraged innovations, the degree of perceived autonomy and to what extent organizations could supply knowledge. Some of the implications of these results are introduced.
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| 3. |
- Abu Hatab, Assem, et al.
(författare)
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COVID-19 risk perception and food security in the MENA region: evidence from a multi-wave household survey
- 2024
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Ingår i: Food Security. - : Springer Nature. - 1876-4517 .- 1876-4525. ; 16, s. 989-1008
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic had disruptive consequences for MENA countries’ agri-food value chains that exacerbated poverty and jeopardized food security. This study examines the relationship between individuals’ perception of contracting COVID-19 and their experience of food insecurity, using longitudinal data from the Combined COVID-19 MENA Monitor Household survey. It also investigates the underlying mechanisms of COVID-19 concerns and explores coping strategies employed by households to identify vulnerabilities in food security. The results provide compelling evidence of a strong association between individuals’ concern about the virus and various dimensions of food security, particularly reduced purchasing power and decreased meal frequency. Notably, this association follows an inverted U-shaped curve, with food insecurity initially increasing as worry grows, but declining after individuals contract the virus. High levels of concern were also linked to significant income decreases and worsening economic conditions. Moreover, individuals with higher concerns were more likely to rely on specific coping strategies, particularly spending savings and obtaining funds from relatives or friends. These findings underscore the need for government interventions during disease outbreaks and economic downturns to focus on alleviating individuals’ worry and fear to facilitate informed decision-making that minimizes food insecurity consequences. Additionally, the findings emphasize the need to strengthen social protection systems during public health and economic challenges to ensure food security for vulnerable populations.
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| 4. |
- Meraxa, Teuku Arckyansyah, et al.
(författare)
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The Emergence of Indonesian Multinational Enterprises
- 2015
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Ingår i: McKelvey, M. and Bagchi-Sen, S. (2015). Innovation Spaces in Asia: Entrepreneurs, Multinational Enterprises and Policy. - Cheltenham, U.K. : Edward Elgar Publishers. - 9781783475674 ; , s. 208-230
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter analyzes Indonesia as an emerging innovation spaces, with a particular focus upon the internationalization strategy of multinational enterprises from this emerging market. Indonesia presents a particular type of political economic market, where state-owned enterprises control most of the energy and welfare industries while MNEs and domestic business control most of trading houses and services, which are less regulated. This chapter provides three cases to illustrate the evolution of Indonesian emerging country multinational enterprises, specifically the firms Adaro Energy, Mayora, and Astra.
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| 5. |
- McKelvey, Maureen, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Conclusions of Innovation Spaces in Asia
- 2015
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Ingår i: Innovation spaces in Asia entrepreneurs, multinational enterprises and policy edited by Maureen McKelvey, Sharmistha Bagchi-Sen. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar. - 978 1 78347 567 4 - 9781783475674 ; , s. 354-368
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter reflects upon the conceptualization and empirical understanding of innovation spaces in Asia, and especially the roles of entrepreneurs, multinational enterprises, and policy. This includes a theoretical conceptualization as well as relating the findings in each chapter to the overall conceptualization proposed.
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| 6. |
- McKelvey, Maureen, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Ramifications for Western Firms of Navigating Through Innovation Spaces in Asia
- 2015
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Ingår i: McKelvey, M. and Bagchi-Sen, S. (2015). Innovation Spaces in Asia: Entrepreneurs, Multinational Enterprises and Policy. - Cheltenham, U.K. : Edward Elgar Publishers. - 9781783475674 ; , s. 333-353
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter draws upon a line of research to propose a conceptualization of innovation spaces, and focuses upon the implications for Asia. The main perspective taken in this chapter – and most of the book – is the firm perspective, requiring micro-data and a deep understanding set in a context, and this can be analyzed both through case studies and through quantitative data of macro trends and later, econometric techniques to test hypotheses.
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| 7. |
- Cullinane, Kevin
(författare)
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Targeting the Environmental Sustainability of European Shipping: The Need for Innovation in Policy and Technology
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- At their Summit meeting in Gothenburg in June 2001, Europe’s heads of state and government reached agreement on a European strategy for sustainable development. The social and economic dimensions of the Lisbon strategy were complemented by an environmental dimension. Thus, the Gothenburg Summit represents a breakthrough for sustainable development in the European Union (EU). The University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology made a commitment to serve, through the joint Centre for Environment and Sustainability (GMV), as a hub for research and scientific follow up of the EU sustainable development strategy. In order to fulfill this commitment, the two universities have established a European Panel for Sustainable Development (EPSD), together with Lund University. In addition, individual members from other universities and research institutes contribute to the work of the Panel. The Centre for Environment and Sustainability (GMV) in Gothenburg is the lead organization in the EPSD. The first report produced by the Panel in 2004 was “From Here to Sustainability – Is the Lisbon/Gothenburg Agenda Delivering?” This was put forward as an independent contribution from academics to the mid-term review of the Lisbon strategy for growth, competitiveness and jobs. The second report “Make the Kok-report sustainable” was produced by the EPSD as a reflection on, and a response to, the mid-term review on the Lisbon strategy chaired by the former Prime Minister of the Netherlands, Wim Kok. The third report “Towards a Smart Growth Strategy for Sustainable Development” aimed to contribute to the re-launch of the EU sustainable development strategy. It contained a critical assessment of “A Platform for Action”, the proposal for an updated strategy put forward by the European Commission. The fourth report “TAKING CHILDREN SERIOUSLY – How the EU can Invest in Early Childhood Education for a Sustainable Future” presented research on children’s interest and ability to understand questions on the social, economic and environmental dimensions of sustainable development. The present report “Targeting the Environmental Sustainability of European Shipping: The Need for Innovation in Policy and Technology” has emerged from a background survey with the aim of mapping what is being done on sustainable shipping within the European Union. A wide scope of strategic EU policy sectors and documents, including existing directives, legislation and regulations on shipping were scrutinized to describe the actual knowledge framework. The background study defines areas where new research could contribute in closing knowledge gaps, and gives a compilation of directives and policy documents concerning sustainable shipping in a European perspective. Based on a definition of sustainable shipping that include all three pillars of sustainable development, the present report presents a holistic view and strategies for achieving a sustainable shipping industry. The report provides scientifically based knowledge of various aspects that affect sustainability at sea, such as particles, greenhouse gases, ship wrecks, ship recycling, and intermodality, as well as a comprehensive overview and updates on regulations. These various areas are presented as separate chapters and solid recommendations are presented on future actions (on EU and international level) to make the shipping industry in Europe a sustainable business. The main author of the report was Prof. Kevin Cullinane, Edinburgh Napier University, UK. The separate chapters in the report were written by Lars Barregård, University of Gothenburg, Erik Fridell, Hulda Winnes, IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute (Particle emission from ships); Hannes Johnson 1 , Chalmers University of Technology (GHG Emissions and the Energy Efficiency Gap in Shipping); Peter Domini, Stena Metall (Ship Recycling: A Global Issue); Lars Barregård, University of Gothenburg (The Health Risks Associated with the Ship Breaking Industry); Ida-Maja Hassellöv, Chalmers University of Technology (Potentially Polluting Shipwrecks); Abhinayan Basu Bal, University of Gothenburg (Sustainable Intermodal Transport with Short Sea Shipping in the EU); A number of researchers and knowledgeable persons have constituted a reference group and further contributed to the report: Katarina Gårdfeldt, Maria Svane, Dan Strömberg, and Jonas Norrman, GMV, Gothenburg; Karin Andersson, Björn Södahl, Josefin Borg, and Oliver Lindqvist, Chalmers University of Technology; Lars Göran Malmberg, Johan Boman, Johan Woxenius, and Mattias Hallquist, University of Gothenburg, Christer Forsgren, Stena Metall; Anders Carlberg, Vgregion; Carl Carlsson, Swedish Shipowners Association, and Axel Wenblad, Former GD National Board of Fisheries. Dan Strömberg, and Maria Svane, University of Gothenburg, have been invaluable during the course of the project and as editors of the publication. The report has been endorsed by the EPSD. Bo Samuelsson Chairman of EPSD
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| 8. |
- Hammar, Henrik, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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The kilometer tax and Swedish industry-effects on sectors and regions
- 2011
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Ingår i: Applied Economics. - London : Chapman and Hall. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 43, s. 2907-2917
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An introduction of a kilometer tax for heavy goods vehicles can be constrained by the risk of that higher production costs than competitors in other countries will negatively affect regions and industries of policy concern. We estimate factor demand elasticities in the Swedish manufacturing industry using firm level data for the 1990 to 2001 period on input prices and quantities. The results show that the introduction of a kilometer tax for heavy goods vehicles decreases transport demand and increases labour demand. The effects are less pronounced in terms of changes in output, though some industries (e.g. wood, pulp and paper) can be expected to be affected more than others due to their dependence on road freight transport. The regional dimension regarding the consequences of a kilometer tax seems to be small or even nonexisting.
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| 9. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(författare)
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Mellan genialitet och galenskap: Recension av Benjamin Labatuts roman "MANIAC"
- 2023
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Ingår i: Tidskriften Alba. - 1403-5448.
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Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- John von Neumann var ett för de allra flesta okänt ungerskt underbarn av judisk härkomst som sedermera flydde undan nazisterna till USA, där han dog 1957. Han var ett matematiskt universalgeni som gav viktiga, för att inte säga avgörande, bidrag till fysikens, biologins, data- och samhällsvetenskapens och meteorologins (och därmed klimatvetenskapens) utveckling under 1900-talet. Vid sidan av den mer allmänt kände Alan Turing föranstaltade han det som vi idag lär känna som A.I. och teoretiserade tidigt om hur man kunde tänka på maskiner som livsformer analogt med biologiska – en idé som idag ingår både i evolutionsbiologiska verktygslådor liksom i visioner och mardrömsscenarier om en teknologisk singularitet bortom vilken generella A.I. dominerar och, i värsta fall, tränger ut människoarten. Det är denne märkliga och skrämmande person Benjamín Labatuts välskrivna roman sätter i centrum för en berättelse om gränslandet mellan genialitet och galenskap, vetenskap och teknik från förra sekelskiftet till nu, logikseminariernas tankelekar och konkret global politisk utveckling på liv och död. Romanen är pärlande klart översatt av Anna Petronella Foultier. Man behöver nog ha ett visst intresse för vetenskap, teknik och/eller global politik för att uppskatta den fullt ut, men mycket sådant förklaras under hand på ett skenbart enkelt vis, så jättestora kunskaper behövs inte.
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| 10. |
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Innovation Spaces in Asia: Entrepreneurs, Multinational Enterprises and Policy
- 2015
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The chapters provide rich empirical illustrations about on-going processes of innovation, where the Asian context can be seen in the specific cases as having an impact upon firms and sectors with implications for economic change and socio-political transformation. This book is about Asia as the site of business, where customers, institutions, and firms, both domestic and foreign, are interacting to affect global processes of innovation and production. This book aims to provide an empirical understanding and initial conceptualization of innovation spaces in Asia, including the role of multinational enterprises, entrepreneurship and public policy
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