| 1. |
- Mattsson, Eskil, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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REDD plus readiness implications for Sri Lanka in terms of reducing deforestation
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 100, s. 29-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Any system to compensate countries for reduced emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) requires a historical reference level against which future performance can be measured. Here we examine the possibilities Sri Lanka, a small forest country with limited data on forest carbon stocks, has to get ready for REDD+. We construct a historical reference level using available forest inventory data combined with updated 2008 and 2009 in situ carbon density data for Sri Lankan forests. Furthermore, we use a combination of qualitative and quantitative data to attribute the clearing of Sri Lankan forests in the latest years for which national forest inventory data are available, 1992-1996, to various proximate drivers and to estimate the opportunity cost of forest conservation. We estimate that baseline deforestation emissions in Sri Lanka amounted to 17 MtCO(2) yr(-1) in the 1992-1996 period, but conclude that it is challenging for Sri Lanka to produce a robust and accurate reference level due to the lack of nationally based inventories. We find that the majority of forest clearing (87%) is due to small-scale, rainfed farming, with the two other major drivers being rice and tea cultivation. Further, Sri Lankan revenues from REDD+ participation could be substantial, but they are sensitive to REDD+ policy transaction cost, highly uncertain timber revenues, and particularly the carbon price paid for emission reductions. The latter needs to be higher than $5-10/tCO(2) if there are to be substantial incentives for Sri Lanka to participate in REDD+. There is, however, a large gap in the knowledge of deforestation drivers that needs to be filled if Sri Lanka is to formulate an effective policy response to forest degradation in REDD+. For successful REDD+ implementation in Sri Lanka to happen, technological assistance, readiness assistance, and continued political momentum are crucial.
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| 2. |
- Berglund, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Women's entrepreneurship, neoliberalism and economic justice in the postfeminist era : a discourse analysis of policy change in Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: Gender, Work and Organization. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0968-6673 .- 1468-0432. ; 25:5, s. 531-556
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the early 1990s, there has been investment in women's entrepreneurship policy (WEP) in Sweden, which continued until 2015. During the same period, Sweden assumed neoliberal policies that profoundly changed the position of women within the world of work and business. The goals for WEP changed as a result, from entrepreneurship as a way to create a more equal society, to the goal of unleashing women's entrepreneurial potential so they can contribute to economic growth. To better understand this shift we approach WEP as a neoliberal governmentality which offers women 'entrepreneurial' or 'postfeminist' subject positions. The analysis is inspired by political theorist Nancy Fraser who theorized the change as the displacement of socioeconomic redistribution in favour of cultural recognition, or identity politics. We use Fraser's concepts in a discourse analysis of Swedish WEP over two decades, identifying two distinct discourses and three discursive displacements. Whilst WEP initially gave precedence to a radical feminist discourse that called for women's collective action, this was replaced by a postfeminist neoliberal discourse that encouraged individual women to assume an entrepreneurial persona, start their own business, compete in the marketplace and contribute to economic growth. The result was the continued subordination of women business owners, but it also obscured or rendered structural problems/solutions, and collective feminist action, irrelevant.
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| 3. |
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Migration, Civil Society and Global Governance
- 2019. - 1
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- How do the United Nations, international organizations, governments, corporate actors and a wide variety of civil society organizations and regional and global trade unions perceive the root causes of migration, global inequality and options for sustainable development? This is one of the most pertinent political questions of the 21st century.This comprehensive collection examines the development of an emerging global governance on migration with the focus on spaces, roles, strategies and alliance-making of a composite transnational civil society engaged in issues of rights and the protection of migrants and their families. It reveals the need to strengthen networking and convergence among movements that adopt different entry points to the same struggle, from fighting ‘managed’ migration to contesting corporate control of food and land. The authors examine the opportunities and challenges faced by civil society in its endeavour to promote a rights-based approach within international and intergovernmental fora engaged in setting up a global compact for the management of migration, such as the Global Forum for Migration and Development, and in other global policy spaces.This book was originally published as a special issue of the journal Globalizations.
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| 4. |
- Ahmed, Ali, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Sexual orientation and full-time monthly earnings, by public and private sector : Evidence from Swedish register data
- 2013
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Ingår i: Review of Economics of the Household. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1569-5239 .- 1573-7152. ; 11:1, s. 83-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we explore annual earnings as well as full-time monthlyearnings differentials resulting from sexual orientation. We observe that gay malesare at an earnings disadvantage compared to male heterosexuals regardless of whichearnings measure we use. This earnings disadvantage is found to be larger when wecompare gay and heterosexual males who are working full-time. In addition, thedisadvantage is larger in the private than in the public sector. Lesbians, however,earn more than heterosexual females. This earnings advantage is considerablysmaller when we study full-time monthly rather than annual earnings but an earningsadvantage for lesbians at the top of the earnings distribution is documentedregardless of which earnings measure we use. In addition, lesbians are doing betterthan female heterosexuals in the public sector. To sum up, the results indicate thatgay males face obstacles on the labor market that hinder them from reaching toplevelpositions and high earnings. The earnings advantage observed for lesbians islikely to stem from the fact that lesbians devote more time to market work thanheterosexual females.
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| 5. |
- Alm, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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Capacity in municipalities : Infrastructures, maintenance debts and ways of overcoming a run-to-failure mentality
- 2021
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Ingår i: Local Economy. - : SAGE Publications. - 0269-0942 .- 1470-9325. ; 36:2, s. 81-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a growing maintenance debt of ageing and critical infrastructures in many municipalities in European welfare states. In this article, we use the multidimensional concept of local capacity as a point of departure to analyse how and in what ways Swedish municipalities work with the routine maintenance of infrastructures, including municipal road networks as well as water and sewage systems. For the road networks, maintenance is generally outsourced to contractors and there is also a large degree of tolerance for various standards on different road segments within and between the municipalities. Less used road segments are not as prioritised as those with heavy traffic. For the water and sewage systems, in-house technical capacity is needed as differences in water quality are not tolerated. Economies of scale mean that in-house capacity is translated into the creation of inter-municipal bodies. As different forms of capacities tend to reinforce each other, municipal capacity builds up over time in circular movements. These results add knowledge to current research by pointing to the ways municipalities are overcoming a run-to-failure mentality by building capacity to pay off the infrastructural maintenance debt.
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| 6. |
- Ahmed, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Do schools discriminate against children with disabilities? A field experiment in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Education Economics. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0964-5292 .- 1469-5782. ; 29:1, s. 3-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents the results of a field experiment in which fictitious parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) sent inquiries to schools in Sweden about admission of their children to the mandatory preschool class. Results show that inquiries concerning a child with no medical condition were more likely to receive an invitation for a visit and more likely to receive a promising placement response than inquiries concerning a child with ADHD and T1DM. Discrimination was more prominent in the private sector and when the child was a boy or had ADHD.
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| 7. |
- Svensson, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Kollektivtrafik som verktyg för regional utveckling : en kunskapsöversikt
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med rapporten är att förbättra kunskaps- och beslutsunderlag för en effektivare användning av kollektivtrafiken som utvecklingsverktyg. Uppdraget baseras på kollektivtrafikrelaterad ekonomisk forskning med fokus på lokal och regional utveckling. Kunskapsöversikten utgår i första hand från forskning om kollektivtrafikens samhällsekonomi och planeringsmässiga dimensioner.Forskningsresultaten har valts ut med utgångspunkt från det ökade behovet av kunskapsunderlag och planeringsmodeller för integrerade regionala och lokala kollektivtrafiksystem. Vi har tolkat uppdraget utifrån de framväxande regionernas behov av tydligare strategier för hur kollektivtrafiken kan användas som verktyg för regional utveckling. Kollektivtrafiken kan kopplas till drivkrafter för den ekonomiska utvecklingen vad gäller transportmöjligheter, mobilitet och tillgänglighet generellt, men också mer direkt till de egenskaper som kollektivtrafiken har i jämförelse med övriga färdmedel. Kollektivtrafiken har hög kapacitet och ett begränsat ytanspråk vilket gör att den kan användas för att åstadkomma kluster med agglomerationsfördelar och för att realisera skalekonomier och gynnsamma produktionsförutsättningar för den växande tjänstesektorn. Det är vår uppfattning att det behövs en betydligt starkare strategisk dimension i planeringen av kollektivtrafiken. Det avgörande är inriktningen för trafiken och hur kollektivtrafiken ska användas som verktyg för regionens utveckling. I planeringen kan flera olika förändringar/kvalitetsnivåer utvärderas och perspektivet måste vara bredare än att enbart fokusera på investeringar. Av diskussionen i rapporten följer att den rumsliga dimensionen blir alltmer betydelsefull för den ekonomiska utvecklingen. Konsekvenser för stads- och tätortsutveckling, regionala sammanhang och hur markanvändning och transportsystem samverkar bör lyftas in i planeringens centrum. Oavsett nivån i resurstilldelningen till kollektivtrafiken är det angeläget att de resurser som förbrukas gör största möjliga nytta. Om det är positiva konsekvenser för en hållbar ekonomisk utveckling som prioriteras, bör planeringen ställas om i den riktning som diskuteras i rapporten.
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| 8. |
- Ahmed, Ali, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Are gay men and lesbians discriminated against in the hiring process?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Southern Economic Journal. - : Southern Economic Association (SEA). - 0038-4038 .- 2325-8012. ; 79:3, s. 565-585
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents the first field experiment on sexual orientation discrimination in the hiring process in the Swedish labor market. Job applications were sent to about 4000 employers in 10 different occupations in Sweden. Gender and sexual orientation were randomly assigned to applications. The results show that sexual orientation discrimination exists in the Swedish labor market. The discrimination against the gay male applicant and the lesbian applicant varied across different occupations and appears to be concentrated in the private sector. The results also show that the gay male applicant was discriminated against in typical male-dominated occupations, whereas the lesbian applicant was discriminated against in typical female-dominated occupations. Theoretical implications are discussed
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| 9. |
- Bjuggren, Carl Magnus
(författare)
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Family Matters : Essays on Family Firms and Employment Protection
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is a study of firm dynamics, family ownership, and employment protection. It addresses the implications of employment protection on firm productivity and how family owned firms react differently with regard to economic shocks. It also investigates whether family ownership matters for the probability of exhibiting high growth. By using a novel data identification strategy, family ownership is identified in full population register data. The thesis also highlights some important caveats in the official statistics on self-employment.
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| 10. |
- Heshmati, Almas, et al.
(författare)
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Effective Corporate Tax Rates and the Size Distribution of Firms
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade. - : Springer. - 1566-1679 .- 1573-7012. ; 10:3-4, s. 297-317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analyze the effects of effective corporate tax rates on the size distribution of firms. In modelling this relationship we account for conditional variables as well as unobservable time and industry effects. A number of hypotheses are tested concerning heterogeneity in the impact of effective corporate tax rates on the size distributions of firms with regard to firm size class, industry and time. The results are based on data covering the whole Swedish economy for the period 1973–2002. The descriptive results suggest that effective corporate tax rates differ by firm size, industry and over time. Application of t-tests demonstrate inequality in mean and variance of effective corporate tax rates between major size classes but not within major size classes: smaller firms report a higher effective corporate tax rate than larger firms. The t-tests also demonstrate inequality in mean and variance of effective corporate tax rates between industrial sectors: service sector reports a higher effective corporate tax rate than production sector. The regressions show effective corporate tax rates to have: a negative effect on the size distribution of large firms, negative effect on transportation, financing and service sector and a positive effect on manufacturing, electricity and on production sector. We conclude that effective corporate tax rates affect the size distribution of firms as well as the composition of industries.
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