| 1. |
- Bergman, Mats A., et al.
(författare)
-
Privatization and quality : evidence from elderly care in Sweden
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Health Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-6296 .- 1879-1646. ; 49, s. 109-119
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-contractible quality dimensions are at risk of degradation when the provision of public services is privatized. However, privatization may increase quality by fostering performance-improving innovation, particularly if combined with increased competition. We assemble a large data set on elderly care services in Sweden between 1990 and 2009 and estimate how opening to private provision affected mortality rates – an important and not easily contractible quality dimension – using a difference-in-difference-in-difference approach. The results indicate that privatization and the associated increase in competition significantly improved non-contractible quality as measured by mortality rates.
|
|
| 2. |
- Bergman, Mats, et al.
(författare)
-
The relative importance of actual and potential competition: Empirical evidence from the pharmaceuticals market
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Journal of industrial economics. - : Wiley. - 0022-1821 .- 1467-6451. ; 51, s. 455-467
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study actual and potential competition and other factors that determine price paths of brand-name drugs in the Swedish pharmaceuticals market. The results indicate that the price of the incumbent product is lowered by potential competition, entry of (additional) generics, and the introduction of a so-called reference-price system. We also identify a 'ratchet' effect, through which price regulation makes entry-deterring limit-pricing credible.
|
|
| 3. |
- Bergman, Mats, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
-
Apoteksmarknadens omreglering : effekter på följsamhet, priser och kostnader per dygnsdos
- 2012
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport ingår som en del i Tillväxtanalys projekt att utvärdera effekterna av omregleringen av apoteksmarknaden, särskilt vad gäller priserna. Uppdraget är en uppföljning och utvidgning av Tillväxtanalys WP/PM 2011:50 författat av Bergman och Rudholm. Syftet är att empiriskt studera hur omregleringen påverkat apotekens följsamhet, andel av försäljningen som avser billigaste generika, den så kallade månadens vara, priserna på receptbelagda läkemedel på generikamarknaden, samt vilken totalkostnadseffekt mätt som kostnaden per konsumerad dygnsdos reformen haft. Den senare aspekten är ny jämfört med den tidigare rapporten, medan övriga delar innebär en replikering.Resultaten visar entydigt att följsamheten ökat på grund av reformerna oavsett vilket följsamhetsmått vi använder. Resultaten vad gäller reformernas påverkan på leverantörernas prissättnings- och budstrategier är mera splittrade. Denna del av rapporten syftar till att förstå prissättningen på generikamarknaden och att analysera generikamarknadens funktionssätt, snarare än att analysera om apoteksmarknadsreformen totalt sett medfört en ökad eller minskad kostnad för generiska läkemedel.Resultaten från uppdragets tredje del, att estimera reformernas effekter på kostnaden per konsumerad dygnsdos visar att kostnaden sjunkit som en följd av omregleringen. Kostnadssänkningen uppskattas till ungefär 10 procent mätt i AUP och ungefär 30 procent mätt i AIP. Den större sänkningen mätt i AIP förklaras dels av marginalförstärkningen och av att en viss procentuell prissänkning i AIP ger en lägre procentuell sänkning av AUP på grund av de prisoberoende delarna i apotekens marginaler.
|
|
| 4. |
- Bergman, Mats A., et al.
(författare)
-
Reforming the Swedish pharmaceuticals market : Consequences for costs per defined daily dose
- 2016
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Health Economics and Management. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2199-9023 .- 2199-9031. ; 16:3, s. 201-214
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2009 and 2010, the Swedish pharmaceuticals market was reformed. One of the stated policy goals was to achieve low costs for pharmaceutical products dispensed in Sweden. We use price and sales data for off-patent brand-name and generic pharmaceuticals to estimate a log-linear regression model, allowing us to assess how the policy changes affected the cost per defined daily dose. The estimated effect is an 18 % cost reduction per defined daily dose at the retail level and a 34 % reduction in the prices at the wholesale level (pharmacies’ purchase prices). The empirical results suggest that the cost reductions were caused by the introduction of a price cap, an obligation to dispense the lowest-cost generic substitute available in the whole Swedish market, and the introduction of well-defined exchange groups. The reforms thus reduced the cost per defined daily dose for consumers while being advantageous also for the pharmacies, who saw their retail margins increase. However, pharmaceutical firms supplying off-patent pharmaceuticals experienced a clear reduction in the price received for their products.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Bergman, Mats, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
-
Collegiality and efficiency in bureaucracy
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Public Policy and Administration. - : Sage Publications. - 0952-0767 .- 1749-4192. ; 38:4, s. 492-511
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article addresses the relation between the design of regulatory agencies and efficiency, arguing that authority concentrated to a single individual outperforms more collegial decision-making when the regulated firms' interests are aligned. The tentative explanation is that concentrated leadership reduces the risk for capture. This argument is developed from an empirical case on the markets for mobile and fixed broadband. In the mobile market, the regulated firms are similarly positioned, whereas in the fixed broadband market, the firms typically have adversarial positions, with an incumbent being challenged by entrants. A statistical analysis of regulatory agencies in 33 European countries lends support to the argument that regulation of mobile broadband benefits from having a single decision-maker whereas a bureaucratic regulation with more collegiality functions as well for the fixed broadband.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Bergman, Mats A., et al.
(författare)
-
Foreign ownership and investment : do firms locate investments close to the headquarter?
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Review of World Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1610-2878 .- 1610-2886. ; 147:4, s. 621-642
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using an international panel data set of the European pulp and paper industry, we address the issue of a possible home-bias effect for real investments in plants with foreign and domestic locations. We find that there is no effect after controlling for firm effects and plant and firm size. These findings are rubust to a number of different econometric specifications, including a difference-in-difference approach. Our findings appear to be relevant for the debate on the effect of foreign takeovers. As far as we are aware, home-bias effects in real investments within multinational firms have not been studied previously.
|
|
| 9. |
- Bergman, Mats, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
-
An econometric analysis of the european commission’s merger decisions
- 2005
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Organization. - : Elsevier. - 0167-7187 .- 1873-7986. ; 23:9/10, s. 717-737
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a sample of 96 mergers notified to the European Commission and logit regression techniques, we analyse the Commission's decision process. We find that the probability of a phase-2 investigation and of a prohibition of the merger increases with the parties' market shares. The probabilities increase also when the Commission finds high entry barriers or that the post-merger market structure is conducive to collusion. We do not find significant effects of “political” variables, such as the nationality of the merging firm.
|
|
| 10. |
- Bergman, Mats A., 1964-, et al.
(författare)
-
Imports of pulpwood and price discrimination: A test of buying power in the swedish pulpwood market
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Journal of Forest Economics. - : Elsevier. - 1104-6899 .- 1618-1530. ; 5:3, s. 365-385
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish pulp and paper industry's ability to exert monopsony power is tested both with a conjectural variation model, which parameterizes the firms' expectations about other firms' behavior, and with a model that estimates country-specific effects and effects of currency fluctuations on import prices. We use industry data for the 1970-1993 period and find only weak evidence of market power, in spite of the apparent lack of competition.
|
|
