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Träfflista för sökning "AMNE:(SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP Ekonomi och näringsliv Nationalekonomi) ;pers:(Holmlund Bertil)"

Sökning: AMNE:(SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP Ekonomi och näringsliv Nationalekonomi) > Holmlund Bertil

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  • Engström, Per, et al. (författare)
  • Vacancy Referrals, Job Search, and the Duration of Unemployment : a Randomized Experiment
  • 2009
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • One goal of the public employment service is to facilitate matching between unemployed job seekers and job vacancies; another goal is to monitor job search so as to bring search efforts among the unemployed in line with search requirements. The referral of job seekers to vacancies is one instrument used for these purposes. We report results from a randomized Swedish experiment where the outcome of referrals is examined. To what extent do unemployed individuals actually apply for the jobs they are referred to? Does information to job seekers about increased monitoring affect the probability of applying and the probability of leaving unemployment? The experiment indicates that a relatively large fraction (one third) of the referrals do not result in job applications. Information about intensified monitoring causes an increase in the probability of job application, especially among young people. However, we find no significant impact on the duration of unemployment.
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3.
  • Holmlund, Bertil (författare)
  • Incentives in Business and Academia
  • 2009
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This paper discusses some issues of compensation policy in business and academia from the perspectives of incentive theory, other theories, and empirical research. The main conclusion is that mechanical rules for performance-related pay are likely to be inferior to more subjective performance evaluation criteria. Formalized performance pay, where pay is directly linked to measures of output, can easily have dysfunctional effects, especially when some dimensions of performance are easier to observe than others. Subjective performance evaluation is not perfect, but it is probably the best method to obtain a holistic assessment of multidimensional performance indicators.
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4.
  • Liu, Qian (författare)
  • Essays on Labor Economics: Education, Employment, and Gender
  • 2009
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Essay I, co-authored with Bertil Holmlund and Oskar Nordström Skans, offers evidence on how delayed transitions to higher education (“gap years”) affect subsequent earnings and lifetime earnings. We exploit rich Swedish register data and find that postponement of higher education is associated with a persistent and non-trivial earnings penalty. The main source of the earnings penalty associated with gap years is that the returns to post-university work experience are higher than the returns to gap years. Postponement of university education reduces time for post-university investment in skills and therefore entails lower earnings subsequent to university graduation.   Essay II uses Swedish data to compute rates of returns to education that incorporate mechanisms operating through the marriage market. I define marriage income as the transfers one obtains from the spouse and the overall income as the sum of work income and marriage income. I find that the marriage market can work as a cushion to reduce the overall earnings gap among people in different education categories. Although women with graduate degrees earn on average more than twice as much in annual work income than women with less than two years of university, their marriage incomes are less than half of marriage incomes in the latter group.   Essay III uses micro data to document and analyze patterns and trends in labor force participation and employment in urban China during the past couple of decades. Estimations of logit models show that age, education, communist-party membership and marital status are significantly associated with participation in the labor force and employment opportunities. Being a communist party member in 2002 is associated with 3.5 percentage points higher employment rate for men and 6 points higher employment rates for women. An extension of the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition is used to analyze gender differences in participation and employment.   Essay IV, co-authored with Oskar Nordström Skans, examines how parental leave policies influence children’s human capital accumulation. Using a three-month parental leave extension that covered all Swedish children born from August 1988, we evaluate children’s test scores and grades at the age of 16. We find that the duration of paid parental leave benefits have no impact on average scholastic performance, although heterogeneity analysis discovers positive effects for children to well-educated mothers. We find no effects on child health, mothers’ health and subsequent earnings or parents’ fertility and divorce rates.
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7.
  • Alexius, Annika, et al. (författare)
  • Monetary Policy and Swedish Unemployment Fluctuations
  • 2007
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • A widely spread belief among economists is that monetary policy has relatively short-lived effects on real variables such as unemployment. Previous studies indicate that monetary policy affects the output gap only at business cycle frequencies, but the effects on unemployment may well be more persistent in countries with highly regulated labor markets. We study the Swedish experience of unemployment and monetary policy. Using a structural VAR we find that around 30 percent of the fluctuations in unemployment are caused by shocks to monetary policy. The effects are also quite persistent. In the preferred model, almost 30 percent of the maximum effect of a shock still remains after ten years.
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8.
  • Andersson, Lina (current name Aldén, Lina), 1979- (författare)
  • Essays on economic outcomes of immigrants and homosexuals
  • 2009
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This thesis consists of five essays on the economic outcomes of immigrants and homosexuals on the labour and housing market.Essay I evaluates the effect of an in-work benefit on the labour supply of single immigrant women by means of simulation. Although, on average, there is no significant effect, we find that the in-work benefit increases the working hours of single women with low incomes and slightly decreases the working hours of those with high incomes. The increase in working hours is primarily a result of increased participation. As expected, the positive effect is largest for the immigrant groups with the lowest participation rates and lowest labour incomes.Essay II studies intergenerational transmissions in self-employment. The results show that immigrants transfer general human capital over three generations in the sense that individuals whose fathers and grandfathers are self-employed have a higher self-employment propensity. For natives, only the father’s self-employment affects the son’s probability of becoming self-employed. Furthermore, the results show that natives transfer specific human capital from father to son, which increases the probability of sons becoming self-employed in the industry in which their fathers are self-employed.Essay III explores the effect of self-employment experience on subsequent earnings and the employment of male and female immigrant wage earners. We find that, relative to continued wage employment, self-employment is associated with lower earnings and difficulties in returning to paid employment for both immigrant men and women. The effect is less severe for natives. Among immigrant groups, the results give little support that self-employment experience improves earnings and employment prospects compared to experience from wage employment. Essay IV applies a field experiment to investigate how increasing the information about applicants affects discrimination against male Arab/Muslim applicants on the rental housing market. The Arab/Muslim applicants received fewer responses from the landlords than did the Swedish applicants. All of the applicants gained by providing more information about themselves, but the magnitude of discrimination against the Arab/Muslim applicants remained unchanged, indicating that increasing the amount of applicant information will not reduce discrimination.Essay V studies possible discrimination against lesbians in the rental housing market using a field experiment. We let two fictitious couples, one heterosexual and one homosexual, apply for vacant apartments on the Internet. We then explored if there were differences in callbacks, invitations to further contact and/or showings. The results show no indication of differential treatment of lesbians by landlords.
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9.
  • Bengtsson, Niklas, et al. (författare)
  • Lifetime versus Annual Tax Progressivity : Sweden, 1968–2009
  • 2012
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This paper analyzes the evolution of tax progressivity in Sweden from both annual and lifetime perspectives. Using a rich micro panel with administrative records of incomes, taxes and benefits over the period 1968–2009, we calculate tax rates across the income distribution accounting for different tax bases as well as the role of transfers. The uniquely long time span also allows us to compute tax progressivity as realized over a cohort’s entire life cycle. Our main finding is that taxes are considerably less progressive over the lifetime than in any single year. In fact, life cycle taxes are close to proportional, bearing a redistributive effect of only a few percent. Intragenerational income mobility seems to be driving this result, although the Swedish economic crisis of the 1990s and the tax reforms of 1971 and 1991 are also important. Labor income taxes contribute less to progressivity in recent years, whereas transfers to unemployed and old-age pensioners have become increasingly important. These findings are robust to the use of different tax rates, tax bases, sample populations, rates of discounting and controls for reranking.
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