| 1. |
- Karlsson, Sune, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Foreign Firms and Chinese Employment
- 2009
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Ingår i: The World Economy. - Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0378-5920 .- 1467-9701. ; 32:1, s. 178-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on employment in the Chinese manufacturing sector. As one of the world's largest recipients of FDI, China has arguably benefited from foreign multinational enterprises in various respects. However, one of the main challenges for China, and other developing countries, is job creation, and the effect of FDI on employment is uncertain. The effect depends on the amount of jobs created within foreign firms as well as the effect of FDI on employment in domestic firms. We analyse FDI and employment in China using a large sample of manufacturing firms for the period 1998–2004. Our results show that FDI has positive effects on employment growth. The relatively high employment growth in foreign firms is associated with their firm characteristics and their high survival rate. Employment growth is also relatively high in private domestic Chinese firms. There also seems to be a positive indirect effect of FDI on employment in private domestically-owned firms, presumably caused by spillovers.
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| 2. |
- Lundahl, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Population growth and job creation in Timor-Leste
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy. - London : Routledge. - 1354-7860 .- 1469-9648. ; 14:1, s. 90-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Timor-Leste began its independence as one of the poorest nations in the world. Substantial progress has been made thereafter but the challenges for future development are numerous. High population growth and modest growth of GDP means that per capita income is declining and that the extent of poverty is increasing. For this situation to change, income opportunities other than those provided by subsistence agriculture are needed. Considering the low level of education and the keen competition for skilled personnel this, however, is difficult. So far, it seems that most skilled workers are being absorbed by the public sector and that this is pushing up the already high skilled wage level. That, in turn, affects the competitiveness of the private sector negatively and acts as an obstacle to the creation of employment opportunities outside agriculture.
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| 3. |
- Lundahl, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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The oil resources of Timor-Leste : curse or blessing?
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Pacific Review. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0951-2748 .- 1470-1332. ; 21:1, s. 67-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Timor-Leste is among the youngest nations in the world. It began its independence under difficult circumstances: poverty is widespread, education is poor, the industrial sector is non-existent, and political turbulence is on the rise. On the positive side, future oil revenues are predicted to be substantial, which could potentially be a great help in Timor-Leste's struggle for development. This paper examines critically the possibility for Timor-Leste to use oil revenues to achieve economic development. It describes how difficult it is to estimate the future revenues because of volatile prices, territorial disputes, and insufficient seismological mapping. It continues with a discussion of the 'resource curse' - the difficulty of combining natural resources with economic development. Moreover, the particular challenges for Timor-Leste's development are dealt with at some length, as are possible ways to avoid the resource curse.
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| 4. |
- Engvall, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Poverty in Rural Cambodia : The Differentiated Impact of Linkages, Inputs and Access to Land
- 2008
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Ingår i: Asian Economic Papers. - : MIT Press - Journals. - 1535-3516 .- 1536-0083. ; 7:2, s. 74-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cambodia has been growing rapidly over the past few years, but remains one of the poorest countries in East Asia. This paper analyzes rural poverty in Cambodia to identify the factors that explain its occurrence and persistence. The reduction of rural poverty in Cambodia requires (1) improvements in agricultural productivity and (2) the establishment of other income-earning opportunities for the rural population. Our econometric investigation of the 2004 Cambodian Socio-Economic Survey shows that the main causes of poverty differ between landowners and the landless, and between different regions. Increasing inputs to agriculture (e.g., fertilizers) is critical to increasing the welfare of landowning poor, and linkages with the rest of the economy are of vital importance to both landowners and the landless poor.
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| 5. |
- Hakkala, Katariina Nilsson, et al.
(författare)
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Multinationals, skills, and wage elasticities
- 2010
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Ingår i: Review of World Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1610-2878 .- 1610-2886. ; 146:2, s. 263-280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increase in foreign direct investments raises concerns about labor market consequences in many countries. It is feared that multinational firms are inclined to shift jobs abroad and increase job volatility. We use firm-level data to examine if multinationality and foreign ownership affect the wage elasticity of labor demand. Unlike previous studies, we distinguish the effect on different skill groups of employees. We find no general difference in wage elasticity between foreign and domestic firms but the wage elasticity is higher in multinational firms than in national firms, in particular for medium-skilled workers.
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| 6. |
- Lipsey, Robert E., et al.
(författare)
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Foreign direct investment and growth in East Asia : lessons for Indonesia
- 2011
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Ingår i: Bulletin of Indonesian economic studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0007-4918 .- 1472-7234. ; 47:1, s. 35-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Foreign direct investment (FDI) has been important in the growth and global integration of developing economies. Both Northeast and Southeast Asia, especially the latter, have been part of this development, with increasing inflows of FDI and greater foreign participation in local economies. However, Indonesia has been an outlier within the region. Inflows of FDI have been lower to Indonesia than to other countries, especially in manufacturing, and they have been lower than could be expected from Indonesia's size, population and other country characteristics. We show that the inflows that have occurred have benefited Indonesia, and use the East Asian experience to identify measures that are likely to increase these flows. A relatively poor business environment, inefficient government institutions, low levels of education and poor infrastructure all seem to be important explanations for the low inflows of FDI to Indonesia.
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| 7. |
- Lodefalk, Magnus, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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International Trade and Labour Market Integration of Immigrants
- 2022
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Ingår i: The World Economy. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0378-5920 .- 1467-9701. ; 45:6, s. 1650-1689
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine if international trade improves labor market integration of immigrants in Sweden. Immigrants participate substantially less than natives in the labor market. However, trading with a foreign country is expected to increase the demand for immigrants from that country. By hiring immigrants, a firm may access foreign knowledge and networks needed to overcome information frictions in trade. Using granular longitudinal matched employer–employee data and an instrumental variable approach, we estimate the causal effects of a firm’s bilateral trade on employment and wages of immigrants from that country. We find a positive, yet heterogeneous, effect of trade on immigrant employment but no effect on immigrant wages.
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| 8. |
- Lodefalk, Magnus, 1969-
(författare)
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Tackling barriers to firm trade : liberalisation, migration and servification
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis analyses how to tackle barriers to firm trade and the consequences thereof. In Essay 1, we carefully model trade liberalisation scenarios that include the key elements of the WTO Doha round, scenarios that are implemented in a computable general equilibrium model. The simulation results indicate particularly strong gains for developing countries from liberalisation. A conservative estimate is that global income increases by approximately 0.2-0.7 per cent of initial GDP, depending on the degree of liberalisation, with trade facilitation contributing the most to these results. Overall, simulations indicate the importance of countries’ own liberalisation for national income gains and of a broad-based round of trade negotiations. In Essay 2, we analyse the mechanisms through which immigrant employees help firms overcome informal barriers to trade, based on a heterogeneous- firm trade model. By exploiting a rich employer-employee panel for Sweden, we show that immigrants’ skills and length-of-stay strongly influence their impact on firm trade. The link is also stronger for smaller firms and for differentiated goods, but similar across product margins of trade. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that immigrant employees facilitate firm trade by lowering information frictions and infusing trust into business relationships through knowledge of foreign markets and access to networks. Essay 3 is concerned with structural changes in the Swedish economy with respect to services in manufacturing. Despite suggestive evidence, large gaps remain in our knowledge about the process of servicification, a process whereby manufacturing focuses increasingly on services. We therefore analyse these changes in manufacturing in depth. The results show that manufacturing has been servicifying substantially. In Essay 4, the role of services for manufacturing firm exports is analysed The microeconometric results suggest that service inputs affect a firm’s export capabilities. Overall, Essay 4 provides new firm-level evidence for the role of services as inputs in manufacturing.
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| 9. |
- Lundahl, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Entrepreneurship in Timor-Leste
- 2009
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Ingår i: Handbook of research on Asian entrepreneurship. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781847206084
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
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