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Sökning: AMNE:(SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap Systemvetenskap, informationssystem och informatik med samhällsvetenskaplig inriktning) > Naturvetenskap

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1.
  • Berbyuk Lindström, Nataliya, 1978, et al. (författare)
  • “Just Google Translate It!” ICT Use of Migrant IT professionals for Mitigating Workplace Integration Challenges
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: AMCIS (Americas Conference on Information Systems), Minneapolis, MI, August 10-14.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • IT professionals represent a growing group of highly educated migrants in different countries, yet research on their workplace integration is scarce. Applying a combined theoretical framework of Hofstede's culture dimensions and functional theory of language approach, this paper addresses the research need in investigating how migrant IT professionals to Sweden integrate into the workplace and the role of ICTs in mitigating integration challenges. Fifteen (15) interviews with IT professionals from India and Pakistan were analyzed using Thematic Content Analysis. Results uncover migrants experiencing language barriers and cultural differences, which impede developing relationships with colleagues and career opportunities. Our findings indicate that although ICTs, primarily machine translation applications, are indispensable for supporting communication between migrants and locals, collegial support is still essential for managing intercultural interactions, contributing to migrants’ feelings of connectedness at work and a sense of belonging. Workplace inclusion and suggestions for practitioners are discussed.
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2.
  • Petersson, Jesper, 1974 (författare)
  • Medicine At A Distance In Sweden: Spatiotemporal Matters In Accomplishing Working Telemedicine
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Science Studies. - 0786-3012. ; 24:2, s. 43-62
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper examines the accomplishment of making technology work, using the discourse around telemedicine in Swedish healthcare during 1994-2003. The paper will compare four projects launched in the mid-1990s and policymakers’ visions of healthcare through telemedicine. I will employ a sociotechnical approach developed within Actor-Network Theory that understands functioning technology not as something intrinsic but as an outcome of an ongoing process of negotiations. In the paper, I will extend the sociotechnical approach of what constitutes working technology to include spatiotemporal matters. I will also approach the closely related issue of space that has become a concern of Actor-Network Theory scholars interested in the accomplishment and continued workings of technology as it travels. In this discussion, an emphasis on fixed relations (network space) has been challenged by investigations into changing relations (fluid space). This paper suggests that in order to travel well, technology must be both fixed and fluid.⁰
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4.
  • Grünloh, Christiane, 1980-, et al. (författare)
  • "why do they need to check me?" patient participation through ehealth and the doctor-patient relationship : Qualitative study
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - : J M I R Publications, Inc.. - 1438-8871. ; 20:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Roles in the doctor-patient relationship are changing and patient participation in health care is increasingly emphasized. Electronic health (eHealth) services such as patient accessible electronic health records (PAEHRs) have been implemented to support patient participation. Little is known about practical use of PAEHR and its effect on roles of doctors and patients. Objective: This qualitative study aimed to investigate how physicians view the idea of patient participation, in particular in relation to the PAEHR system. Hereby, the paper aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of physicians' constructions of PAEHR, roles in the doctor-patient relationship, and levels and limits of involvement. Methods: A total of 12 semistructured interviews were conducted with physicians in different fields. Interviews were transcribed, translated, and a theoretically informed thematic analysis was performed. Results: Two important aspects were identified that are related to the doctor-patient relationship: roles and involvement. The physicians viewed their role as being the ones to take on the responsibility, determining treatment options, and to be someone who should be trusted. In relation to the patient's role, lack of skills (technical or regarding medical jargon), motives to read, and patients' characteristics were aspects identified in the interviews. Patients were often referred to as static entities disregarding their potential to develop skills and knowledge over time. Involvement captures aspects that support or hinder patients to take an active role in their care. Conclusions: Literature of at least two decades suggests an overall agreement that the paternalistic approach in health care is inappropriate, and a collaborative process with patients should be adopted. Although the physicians in this study stated that they, in principle, were in favor of patient participation, the analysis found little support in their descriptions of their daily practice that participation is actualized. As seen from the results, paternalistic practices are still present, even if professionals might not be aware of this. This can create a conflict between patients who strive to become more informed and their questions being interpreted as signs of critique and mistrust toward the physician. We thus believe that the full potential of PAEHRs is not reached yet and argue that the concept of patient empowerment is problematic as it triggers an interpretation of "power" in health care as a zero-sum, which is not helpful for the maintenance of the relationship between the actors. Patient involvement is often discussed merely in relation to decision making; however, this study emphasizes the need to include also sensemaking and learning activities. This would provide an alternative understanding of patients asking questions, not in terms of "monitoring the doctor" but to make sense of the situation.
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5.
  • Spante, Maria, 1967 (författare)
  • Connected Practice: The Dynamics of Social Interaction in Shared Virtual Environment
  • 2009
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This thesis investigates the phenomenon of social interaction in shared virtual environments (SVEs), supported by virtual reality (VR) systems over time. SVEs are computer generated 3D graphical spaces where geographically distributed people can meet and interact with each other in a graphical space. Although there have been a number of studies about social interaction in SVEs, there has been a lack of research looking into changes over time, which this thesis does.In order to gain more knowledge about social interaction over the longer term, this thesis compares and contrasts four different types of VR systems that supported various SVEs. Two of the systems were internet based SVEs on desktop computers where many users could interact at the same time. One of the SVEs had voice based communication. The other SVE had text based communication. The other two were based in laboratory settings. One setting was networked immersive projection technologies (IPT) in which two participants performed a variety of tasks together. The other was one IPT connected to a desktop VR and participants changed systems half way through the trial in which they collaboratively solved a task together. In both settings voice based communication were used. Observations and other methods of analysis were carried out, focusing on differences and similarities in peoples behaviors in the process of social interaction over time in SVEs.The six papers contained in this thesis explore social interaction over time in shared virtual environments. This thesis argues that technology becomes not only a tool for social interaction; it also becomes a key aspect in social interaction. While the technology filters out some of the social cues we are familiar with from face to face situations, it also ‘filters in’ new cues that become important for how people can connect to each other in the shared virtual environment. Over time, these social cues, that people creates among themselves while using the technology, become essential for people learn about; otherwise they find it difficult to relate to each other and do things together in the shared virtual environments.The more difficulties people have in figuring out how to use the technology while interacting with others, the less they will accept the technology as an appropriate tool for connecting people and doing things together. The reason for this is that social and technical issues can only be separated analytically in shared virtual environments; in practice, as this thesis shows, they are highly intertwined.This thesis puts forward a dynamic model identifying the importance of looking more explicitly at individuals, technology, task and time while studying social interaction in SVEs. In this way, the thesis combines a number of insights both from previous social science theories of social interaction and practices - together with observations from the studies this thesis builds on. The thesis puts forward a concept that includes these insights - connected practice, defined as the dynamics of social interaction in technical systems. This concept can guide future studies to incorporate both technical and social aspects over time since it was shown to be the key to understanding the phenomenon of this thesis. It is finally suggested in the thesis that the concept connected practice can be utilized in other technical systems apart from SVEs in future research of social interaction in technical systems.
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6.
  • Eriksson, Darek M., et al. (författare)
  • A framework for the modelling of tempo-spatial enterprise
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Applied Systemic Studies. - 1751-0589 .- 1751-0597. ; 1:3, s. 231-247
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A framework for the modelling of enterprise operations is presented, aiming at enabling a conception of enterprise operations in three explicitly aligned perspectives: its what, or morphology; its when, or temporal position; its where, or spatial position. It is derived from the precepts of a General Systems Theory and its General Process Theory. The practical and empirical benefit of this framework is indicated by a real-life case, a so-called 'Transatlantic Shopping Process', where the models constructed enable management of complexities emerging from enterprise operations.
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8.
  • Berbyuk Lindström, Nataliya, 1978, et al. (författare)
  • Who are Metrics Team’s Stakeholders, What Do They Expect, and How to Communicate with Them? Conducting Stakeholder Mapping with Focus on Communication in Agile Software Development Organization
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS), SIGITPROJMGMT 17th International Research Workshop on Information Technology Project Management, Copenhagen, December 10, 2022-01-01.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • As an increasing number of organizations create metrics teams, conducting stakeholder mapping is pivotal for identifying and analyzing metrics stakeholders’ expectations for reducing the risks of miscommunication and project failure. Further, though team-stakeholder communication is essential for successful collaboration, few studies focus on it in software measurement context. This case study seeks to identify and analyze metrics team’s stakeholders, with a special focus on communication challenges in team-stakeholder contacts. Inspired by Bryson's Basic Stakeholder Analysis Techniques and Mitchell, Agle, and Wood's theoretical model for stakeholder identification, a stakeholder mapping exercise was conducted using interactive workshops and follow-up interviews with 16 metrics team members and their stakeholders. The results illustrate the complexity of identifying stakeholders in agile organizations, the importance of developing a metrics culture, and enhancing transparency in team-stakeholder communication. The study aims to contribute to the development of stakeholder theory and offers insights into communication in software engineering context.
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9.
  • Holgersson, Jesper, PhD, 1974-, et al. (författare)
  • Reducing digital exclusion of seniors - Exploring the lasting effects of collaborative training sessions
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of Ongoing Research, Practitioners, Posters, Workshops, and Projects at EGOV-CeDEM-ePart 2020 co-located with the IFIP WG 8.5 International Conference EGOV-CeDEM-ePart 2020. - : CEUR-WS.org. ; , s. 117-125
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Today's digital society is developing rapidly and the number of smart and innovative digital services is increasing every day. However, the rapid digitalization may also lead to the exclusion of some groups. Senior citizens are one of these groups at risk. The most common way of combating digital exclusion among seniors is to offer education and hands-on training. The short term effects of such education initiatives have shown positive results but the long term lasting effects of digital training have not been explored to any greater extent. Data was collected via semi structured interviews with seniors who had previously participated in training sessions targeting Swedish seniors with a desire to become more digital. The results show that although the immediate effect of participating in training is positive, more individualized training is needed to achieve a lasting effect.
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10.
  • Gustavsson, Per M., 1965-, et al. (författare)
  • Machine Interpretable Representation of Commander's Intent
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 13th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium (13th ICCRTS).
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Network-Centric approach envisioned in the Global Information Grid enables the interconnection of systems in a dynamic and flexible architecture to support multi-lateral, civilian and military missions. Constantly changing environments require commanders to plan for missions that allow organizations from various nations and agencies to join or separate from the teams performing the missions, depending on the situation, as missions unfold. The uncertainty within an actual mission, and the variety of potential organizations that support the mission after it is underway, makes Command Intent (CI) a critical concept for the mission team. With new and innovative information technologies, CI can now be made available to the team of organizations in a coalition environment. Using a flexible and linguistically based approach for representing CI allows Intent to be interpreted and processed by all participants – both humans and machines. CI representations need to be able to express mission team’s purpose, the anticipated End-State of the mission and desired key tasks. In this work, the expression of CI is developed to enable the structure and dynamics of collaboration support.
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