1.
Theoretical Information Studies : Information In The World
2020
Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat) abstract
This is the first attempt to delineate the synthetic field of the theoretical study of information, treating information as the basic phenomenon on the fundamental level of the world, encompassing nature, technology, individuals and society. The exploration of information is done within Info-computational approaches, to natural and social phenomena such as Bioinformatics, Information Physics, Informational Chemistry, Computational Physics, Cognitive and Social sciences, with special emphasis on interdisciplinary, crossdisciplinary and transdisciplinary knowledge. The book presents results of collaboration across research fields within info-computational and info-structural frameworks, in attempt to better theoretically and conceptually capture the phenomenon of information and its dynamics (such as computation and communication), as they appear on different levels of organization, on different scales and in different contexts.
2.
Dodig-Crnkovic, Gordana, 1955
(författare)
Cognitive Architectures Based on Natural Info-Computation
2022
Ingår i: Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics. - Cham : Springer. - 2192-6255 .- 2192-6263. ; , s. 3-13, s. 3-13
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat) abstract
At the time when the first models of cognitive architectures have been proposed, some forty years ago, understanding of cognition, embodiment and evolution was substantially different from today’s. So was the state of the art of information physics, information chemistry, bioinformatics, neuroinformatics, computational neuroscience, complexity theory, self-organization, theory of evolution, as well as the basic concepts of information and computation. Novel developments support a constructive interdisciplinary framework for cognitive architectures based on natural morphological computing, where interactions between constituents at different levels of organization of matter-energy and their corresponding time-dependent dynamics, lead to complexification of agency and increased cognitive capacities of living organisms that unfold through evolution. Proposed info-computational framework for naturalizing cognition considers present updates (generalizations) of the concepts of information, computation, cognition, and evolution in order to attain an alignment with the current state of the art in corresponding research fields. Some important open questions are suggested for future research with implications for further development of cognitive and intelligent technologies.
3.
Dodig-Crnkovic, Gordana, 1955
(författare)
Natural Morphological Computation as Foundation of Learning to Learn in Humans, Other Living Organisms, and Intelligent Machines
2020
Ingår i: Philosophies. - Basel, Switzerland : MDPI AG. - 2409-9287. ; 5:3
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
The emerging contemporary natural philosophy provides a common ground for the integrative view of the natural, the artificial, and the human-social knowledge and practices. Learning process is central for acquiring, maintaining, and managing knowledge, both theoretical and practical. This paper explores the relationships between the present advances in understanding of learning in the sciences of the artificial (deep learning, robotics), natural sciences (neuroscience, cognitive science, biology), and philosophy (philosophy of computing, philosophy of mind, natural philosophy). The question is, what at this stage of the development the inspiration from nature, specifically its computational models such as info-computation through morphological computing, can contribute to machine learning and artificial intelligence, and how much on the other hand models and experiments in machine learning and robotics can motivate, justify, and inform research in computational cognitive science, neurosciences, and computing nature. We propose that one contribution can be understanding of the mechanisms of 'learning to learn', as a step towards deep learning with symbolic layer of computation/information processing in a framework linking connectionism with symbolism. As all natural systems possessing intelligence are cognitive systems, we describe the evolutionary arguments for the necessity of learning to learn for a system to reach human-level intelligence through evolution and development. The paper thus presents a contribution to the epistemology of the contemporary philosophy of nature.
4.
Dodig Crnkovic, Gordana, 1955, et al.
(författare)
Philosophy and Methodology of Information: The Study of Information in the Transdisciplinary Perspective
2019
Ingår i: Philosophy And Methodology Of Information: The Study Of Information In The Transdisciplinary Perspective. - Singapore : WORLD SCIENTIFIC. - 9789813277526
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
The book gives up-to-date, multi-aspect exposition of the philosophy and methodology of information, and related areas within the nascent field of the study of information. It presents the most recent achievements, ideas and opinions of leading researchers in this domain, as well as from physicists, biologists and social scientists. Collaboration of researchers from different areas and fields opens new perspectives for the understanding of information essential in the innovative development of science, technology and society. The book is meant for readers conducting research into any aspect of information, information society and information technology. The ideas presented give new insights for those who develop or implement scientific, technological or social applications. They are especially for those who are participating in setting the goals for science in general and sciences of information in particular.
5.
6.
Sjögren, Peter, et al.
(författare)
Managing emergent changes: ad hoc teams' praxis and practices
2018
Ingår i: International Journal of Managing Projects in Business. - : EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD. - 1753-8386 .- 1753-8378. ; 11:4, s. 1086-1104
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how emergent changes are handled in research and development (R&D) projects. R&D projects' business potential lies in their exploration of the unknown; conversely, this makes them uncertain endeavours, prone to emergent changes. Design/methodology/approach Uses a single-case-study design, based on a projects-as-practice perspective and a soft systems methodology (SSM) analysis, to map how ad hoc R&D teams handle emergent changes, specifically the solution identification and assessment phase and the implementation plan. An R&D project in the power industry, involving over 250 engineers, was analysed. Findings This paper shows how emergent changes are handled differently from initiated changes during the decision-making phase. The system analysis shows that the most critical factors for managing these changes are: collective reflection between project parties; and including experienced engineers in implementation-plan reviews. Practical implications The results are of relevance both to R&D managers aiming to improve team performance and to general project management. Informal notions of emergent changes can be formalised in the change request process. Weaknesses in the project team's organisation are highlighted, and details of how of how to mitigate these are provided. Originality/value Combines engineering-design and project-management research on emergent changes, adding to the former regarding people-organisational and strategic issues. Furthers understanding of the projects-as-practice approach and emergent change (deviations) handling by ad hoc teams in a project environment. SSM has not previously been used to explore aspects of projects-as-practice, and this is a novel way of adding to the body of knowledge on project praxis and practise.
7.
Midgley, Gerald, et al.
(författare)
Critical Systems Thinking, Systemic Intervention and Beyond
2021
Ingår i: Handbook of Systems Science. - New York : Springer. - 9789811507199 - 9789811507205 ; , s. 107-157
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat) abstract
Applied systems thinking has evolved since the 1950s through three paradigmatic waves. Authors in the first wave regarded systems as real-world entities, and systems models as representations of reality, so objectivity was important. In contrast, second wave authors emphasized thinking in terms of systems, and the exploration of multiple perspectives. The role of models was to aid mutual under- standing and enhance the appreciation of diverse viewpoints on possible actions to be taken. In the 1980s, first and second wave advocates came into conflict. Then some third wave authors, initially working under the banner of critical systems thinking, argued that the division of the systems research community into two camps was unhelpful, and they advocated methodological pluralism – mixing methods from both traditions. Other authors set out to address power relations during interventions – in particular, the practice of exploring value and boundary judgments in projects in order to address conflict and marginalization. This practice came to be called “boundary critique,” and it was eventually integrated with methodological pluralism in a new approach called “systemic intervention.” This chapter gives readers a thorough overview of the emergence and maturation of both critical systems thinking and systemic intervention, illustrated with practical exam- ples. It then discusses two major problems that remain unaddressed in the third wave. First, the increasing proliferation of methodologies and methods has resulted in such a diversity of views on systems thinking, that explaining what it is to newcomers has become a real challenge. Second, despite this diversity, all the new methodologies and methods are still founded on principles of rational analysis, and approaches that go beyond this are marginalized. For instance, arts-based and theater methods are rarely mentioned in the literature on systems thinking, yet they can help people discover how their value and boundary assumptions have roots in unconscious impulses and memories. Such discoveries help to unfreeze taken-for-granted understandings, including the internalization of oppressive power relationships. Very recent writings have begun to tackle these problems, but it is too soon to judge whether they represent an extension of the third wave, or the first swellings of a new, fourth wave of systems thinking.
8.
Dodig Crnkovic, Gordana, 1955, et al.
(författare)
Recent books delineating the emergent academic filed of the Study of Information
2020
Ingår i: Proceedings (MDPI). - Basel Switzerland : MDPI. - 2504-3900. ; 47:1
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
One of the imperative tasks of theoretical information studies is exploration of methods and techniques of presentation of information. In this article, we study the presentation of information in the following three books describing the results of the collaboration of researchers with the goal of defining the emergent filed of the Study of Information: Philosophy and Methodology of Information: The Study of Information in a Transdisciplinary Perspective (2019), Theoretical Information Studies: Information in the World (2020) and Information and Computation (2011), published by World Scientific Publishing Co. Series in Information Studies.
9.
Holstein, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
Real-world ethics for self-driving cars
2020
Ingår i: Proceedings - 2020 ACM/IEEE 42nd International Conference on Software Engineering: Companion, ICSE-Companion 2020. - New York, NY, USA : IEEE Computer Society. - 9781450371223 ; , s. 328-329, s. 328-329
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat) abstract
Ethical and social problems of the emerging technology of selfdriving cars can best be addressed through an applied engineeringethical approach. However, currently social and ethical problemsare typically being presented in terms of an idealized unsolvabledecision-making problem, the so-called Trolley Problem. Instead,we propose that ethical analysis should focus on the study of ethicsof complex real-world engineering problems. As software plays acrucial role in the control of self-driving cars, software engineeringsolutions should handle actual ethical and social considerations. Wetake a closer look at the regulative instruments, standards, design,and implementations of components, systems, and services and wepresent practical social and ethical challenges that must be met inthe ecology of the socio-technological system of self-driving carswhich implies novel expectations for software engineering in theautomotive industry.
10.
Warneryd, Martin, et al.
(författare)
Microgrid communities: disclosing the path to future system-active communities
2022
Ingår i: Sustainable Futures. - Göterborg : IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet AB. - 2666-1888. ; 4, s. 100079-100079
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
To increase sustainability in future energy systems, both technical and social measures must be taken. Microgrid communities offer local balancing of supply and demand, while also integrating the community as an active part of the energy system. This study investigates two cases of microgrid communities; how they were realized and what wider effects they offered its communities and other stakeholders. The study shows that the microgrid collaboration between community and utility offers a new organizational division that can overcome the traditional locked-in position of the utility. This brings forward communities as system-active participants and a sustainably beneficial energy system for the future.
