1.
Magnusson, Johan, 1976, et al.
(författare)
Efficiency creep and shadow innovation : enacting ambidextrous IT Governance in the public sector
2020
Ingår i: European Journal of Information Systems. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0960-085X .- 1476-9344. ; 29:4, s. 329-349
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
The current push towards increased innovation within the public sector calls for new approaches to IT Governance. However, recent findings highlight the aim to avoid trade-offs between innovation and efficiency through organisational ambidexterity. This paper reports a case study of ambidextrous IT Governance in two large government agencies. According to the findings, ambidextrous IT Governance is enacted through two separate but interrelated mechanisms that emerge simultaneously. In terms of exploitation, the “efficiency creep” mechanism creates a bias for efficiency – rather than innovation-oriented investments. In terms of exploration, the “shadow innovation” mechanism involves unsanctioned innovation activities. These two mechanisms interplay, in the enactment of ambidextrous IT Governance. The contribution of this study lies in theorising about how ambidextrous IT Governance is enacted in public sector organisations, and how efficiency creep and shadow innovation influence each other. This contribution aids future research and practice on public sector innovation and IT Governance.
2.
Juell-Skielse, Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
Modes of collaboration and expected benefits of inter-organizational E-government initiatives : A multi-case study
2017
Ingår i: Government Information Quarterly. - : Elsevier. - 0740-624X .- 1872-9517. ; 34:4, s. 578-590
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Collaboration among governmental organizations has been regarded as essential for realizing benefits of e-government investments. Inter-organizational collaboration on e-government can appear in several forms and can aim at varying types of benefits. However, few if any studies have delved deeper into analysis of how chosen forms of collaboration might relate to targeted e-government benefits. This article studies five cases of how contemporary acquisitions and implementations of digital archiving systems have been launched through five modes of collaboration (autonomous, standardization, framework agreement, consortium, and central service organization) among organizations in the Swedish public sector. Our analysis reveals that whereas the target system, digital archive in our case, stays similar, expected benefits vary. The article contributes by elaborating the concept of mode of collaboration that identifies typical benefits justifying a choice of a particular collaboration form on e-government development and describing the five modes in more detail based on a multi-case study. The article also outlines fourteen related propositions of the correlation between the collaboration modes and expected benefits to be verified by further research.
3.
Westerlund, Parvaneh, 1985-
(författare)
Designing for Automated Digital Preservation : Model, Pre-Ingest, and Error Handling
2020
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
With the rapid increase in the amount and complexity of data that is needed to be preserved, manual preservation activities produce complex, lengthy, and costly processes. Therefore, automation of preservation processes, together with modeling of workflows and streamlining, can help reduce costs and enhance the focus on preservation processes. Accordingly, the research question is defined as: “How to establish an automated many-to-many interaction between Information Systems and digital preservation systems?”This research proposes a model and instantiation of middleware as a standalone system, which could be hosted in the cloud, for bridging between ISs and DPSs including three sub-parts making both many-to-many capacity and automation of interactions possible: pre-ingest workflow, Context-aware Preservation Manager (CaPM), and error-handling workflow. A Design Science Research (DSR) approach was taken to conduct this research consisting of three design cycles to design and develop each of the three sub-parts of the solution artifact, i.e. the middleware. The middleware consists of several action-based components and an administrative component (CaPM) which carries out the automation of the tasks in the middleware. The action-based components are designed to complete a pre-ingest workflow to prepare digital content sent from an information system to be transferred into a digital preservation system. The path for the pre-ingest workflow, i.e. which components are going to process the digital content and in what order, is automatically defined by CaPM according to the information system’s preservation policies. Standard interfaces are used for middleware’s internal or external communications to promote its scalability in the long run as well as its capability of embedding additional workflows or processes developed in the future, e.g. post-access workflow.An additional outcome of this research is proposing five design principles aiming to contribute to the knowledge for future design practices: DP1. Provide rule-based definition of workflow execution path so that the middleware affords IS to implement their preservation policy and metadata extraction requirements. DP2. Provide capability of executing alternative workflow routes so that the middleware affords IS to ensure a successful encapsulation and submission of SIP. DP3. Provide features for gathering preservation data in the middleware so that the middleware affords preservation planning support. DP4. Provide an automated error-handling workflow with compensating action so that the middleware affords to minimize manual intervention in case of errors in a workflow. DP5. Provide capability of executing concurrent workflows so that the middleware affords IS and DPS many-to-many interactions via the middleware.The results of this thesis contribute to the state-of-the-art in a few aspects:Compared to existing solutions, such as pre-ingest tool developed for Finnish National Archives and UAM for Estonia, that need to be installed on a user’s system, integration with the middleware is carried out with less complexity. This is achieved by designing the middleware as a standalone system that could be hosted in the cloud along with using standard communication interfaces, which further make the middleware adaptable to changes or upgrades in the environment it operates in. Such capability of the middleware in handling many-to-many interactions goes beyond what was introduced in previous middleware architectures for Digital Preservation System’s integration with Information Systems.The middleware solution for pre-ingest in this thesis, in comparison with the similar recent solutions, promotes automation capabilities especially for preserving complex digital content (e.g. databases, workflows), automatic execution of the pre-ingest workflow, or in case of a need for using multiple external digital preservation solutions or services.CaPM monitors the execution of workflows and can update or abort a workflow path if needed. An aborted workflow caused by an error/failure will automatically be replaced by an error-handling workflow with compensation action, hence increasing the level of automation. Automation of such functionalities, as well as the approach for handling errors, has not been applied in previous tools.CaPM can also contribute to the current stream of research on decisions making regarding preservation planning and strategies by providing logged data about the digital objects passing through the middleware.While the solution artifact of this research provides middleware to perform as a bridge for automated many-to-many interactions between information systems and digital preservation systems, the resulted design and implementation of the middleware components cover only one direction of such interaction, from information system to digital preservation system (pre-ingest).
4.
5.
Randers, Frode, et al.
(författare)
Inherent problems in cooperative planning for future access to information
2013
Ingår i: Norsk konferanse for organisasjoners bruk av informasjonsteknologi, NOKOBIT 2013. - Trondheim : Tapir Akademisk Forlag. - 9788232103737
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat) abstract
Successfully preserving information for the future draws upon multiple domains of knowledge, specifically knowledge about effects of technological and social change. The preservation process should accommodate for these effects in order to provide future access to the preserved information. If information production and information preservation occur in different organizations, such as when an organization uses external preservation services, special attention has to be given to the planning of the preservation process. Studies in the project ENSURE (Enabling kNowledge Sustainability Usability and Recovery for Economic value) indicate that the preservation planning is a joint effort drawing upon distinct knowledge that each organization have – knowledge about the information and knowledge about the preservation process. We describe some inherent problems emanating from cooperatively planning how to preserve information.
6.
7.
Padyab, Ali Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
Genre-Based Approach to Assessing Information and Knowledge Security Risks
2014
Ingår i: International Journal of Knowledge Management. - : IGI Global. - 1548-0666 .- 1548-0658. ; 10:2, s. 13-27
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Contemporary methods for assessing information security risks have adopted mainly technical views on information and technology assets. Organizational dynamics of information management and knowledge sharing have gained less attention. This article outlines a new, genre-based, approach to information security risk assessment in order to orientate toward organization- and knowledge-centric identification and analysis of security risks. In order to operationalize the genre-based approach, we suggest the use of a genre-based analytical method for identifying organizational communication patterns through which organizational knowledge is shared. The genre-based method is then complemented with tasks and techniques from a textbook risk assessment method (OCTAVE Allegro). We discuss the initial experiences of three experienced information security professionals who tested the method. The article concludes with implications of the genre-based approach to analyzing information and knowledge security risks for future research and practice.
8.
Päivärinta, Tero, et al.
(författare)
Theorizing about Software Development Practices
2015
Ingår i: Science of Computer Programming. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-6423 .- 1872-7964. ; 101, s. 124-135
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
The paper focuses on the challenge of generating theoretical support for software development, especially when human software developers are involved in the software development process. We outline a model, “Coat Hanger”, for theorizing about development practices. The model focuses on the intended rationale for the actual realization and resulting impacts of using particular practices in varying contexts. To illustrate the use of the model, we have studied recent practice-oriented articles in the journal Science of Computer Programming. A survey of articles in the journal between 2010 and 2013 showed that out of 371 articles, only four studied software development in professional organizations with actual software practitioners as informants. The Coat Hanger model was then used to identify the theoretical strengths and weaknesses of these four practice descriptions. The analysis is used as the basis to declare the potential of our model as a conceptual aid for more structured theorizing about software development practices. The contribution of the model is the introduction of a concretization of how theorizing can be done through reflection-in-action, instead of regarding research on software practices plainly from the prevailing viewpoint of technical rationality.
9.
Elgendy, Nada, et al.
(författare)
DECAS : A Modern Data-Driven Decision Theory for Big Data and Analytics
2022
Ingår i: Journal of Decision Systems. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1246-0125 .- 2116-7052. ; 31:4, s. 337-373
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Decisions continue to be an essential topic of utmost importance in every research field and era. However, while decision research has extensively offered a wide range of theories, it remains delved in the past, and needs robustness to sustain the future of data-driven decision-making, encompassing topics and technologies such as big data, analytics, machine learning, and automated decisions. Nowadays, decision processes have evolved, the role of humans as decision makers has changed and become inevitably intertwined with the support of machines, rationalities are no longer limited in the same way, data has become an abundant commodity, and the optimizing of decisions is not so far-fetched a tale as it once was in classical times. Accordingly, there is a dire need for new theories to support new phenomena. This paper aims to propose a modern data-driven decision theory, DECAS, to support the new elements of today’s decisions. Our theory extends upon classical decision theory by proposing three main claims: the (big) data and analytics should be considered as separate elements along with the decision-making process, the decision maker, and the decision; the appropriate collaboration between the decision maker and the analytics (machine) can result in a “collaborative rationality,” extending beyond the bounded rationality which decision makers were classically characterized by; and finally, the proper integration of the five elements, and the correct selection of data and analytics, can lead to more informed, and possibly better, decisions. Hence, the theory is elaborated in the paper, and introduced to some data-driven decision examples.
10.
Elragal, Ahmed, et al.
(författare)
Opening Digital Archives and Collections With Emerging Data Analytics Technology : A Research Agenda
2017
Ingår i: Tidsskriftet Arkiv. - : ABM-media AS. - 1891-8107. ; 8:1
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
In the public sector, the EU legislation requires preservation and opening of increasing amounts of heterogeneous digital information that should be utilized by citizens and businesses. While technologies such as big data analytics (BDA) have emerged, opening of digital archives and collections at a large scale is in its infancy. Opening archives and collections involve also particular requirements for recognizing and managing issues of privacy and digital rights. As well, ensuring the sustainability of the opened materials and economical appraisal of digital materials for preservation require robust digital preservation practices. We need to proceed beyond the state-of-the-art in opening digital archives and collections through the means of emerging big data analytics and validating a novel concept for analytics which then enables delivering of knowledge for citizens and the society. We set out an agenda for using BDA as our strategy for research and enquiry and for demonstrating the benefit of BDA for opening digital archives by civil servants and for citizens. That will –eventually -transform the preservation practices, and delivery and use opportunities of public digital archives. Our research agenda suggests a framework integrating four domains of inquiry, analytics-enhanced appraisal, analytics-prepared preservation, analytics-enhanced opening, and analytics-enhanced use, for utilizing the BDA technologies in the domain of digital archives and collections. The suggested framework and research agenda identifies initially particular BDA technologies to be utilized in each of the four domains, and contributes by highlighting a need for an integrated “public understanding of big data” in the domain of digital preservation.
