1.
Holgersson, Jesper, PhD, 1974-, et al.
(author)
Reducing digital exclusion of seniors - Exploring the lasting effects of collaborative training sessions
2020
In: Proceedings of Ongoing Research, Practitioners, Posters, Workshops, and Projects at EGOV-CeDEM-ePart 2020 co-located with the IFIP WG 8.5 International Conference EGOV-CeDEM-ePart 2020. - : CEUR-WS.org. ; , s. 117-125
Conference paper (peer-reviewed) abstract
Today's digital society is developing rapidly and the number of smart and innovative digital services is increasing every day. However, the rapid digitalization may also lead to the exclusion of some groups. Senior citizens are one of these groups at risk. The most common way of combating digital exclusion among seniors is to offer education and hands-on training. The short term effects of such education initiatives have shown positive results but the long term lasting effects of digital training have not been explored to any greater extent. Data was collected via semi structured interviews with seniors who had previously participated in training sessions targeting Swedish seniors with a desire to become more digital. The results show that although the immediate effect of participating in training is positive, more individualized training is needed to achieve a lasting effect.
2.
Theoretical Information Studies : Information In The World
2020
Editorial collection (peer-reviewed) abstract
This is the first attempt to delineate the synthetic field of the theoretical study of information, treating information as the basic phenomenon on the fundamental level of the world, encompassing nature, technology, individuals and society. The exploration of information is done within Info-computational approaches, to natural and social phenomena such as Bioinformatics, Information Physics, Informational Chemistry, Computational Physics, Cognitive and Social sciences, with special emphasis on interdisciplinary, crossdisciplinary and transdisciplinary knowledge. The book presents results of collaboration across research fields within info-computational and info-structural frameworks, in attempt to better theoretically and conceptually capture the phenomenon of information and its dynamics (such as computation and communication), as they appear on different levels of organization, on different scales and in different contexts.
3.
Yoo, Daisy, et al.
(author)
Computational Alternatives Vignettes for Place- and Activity-Centered Digital Services in Public Libraries
2020
In: Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings. - New York, NY, USA : ACM.
Conference paper (peer-reviewed) abstract
We investigate how to design community technologies for public events. We do so with a focus on technologies that give rise to new forms of participation and knowledge co-production in public libraries. Specifically, we deployed a digital service at a major public library during its four-week creative workshop series. The system offered an alternative way for people to work together as a community, to go beyond achieving individual goals, and to contribute to the achievement of public goals (e.g., building community bookshelves). We report on how the system has reconfigured physical spaces and afforded new social practices in the library. We propose Computational Alternatives as a fruitful approach for gaining situated, nuanced insights into a technology's possible adoption. We offer key insights in the form of computational alternatives vignettes - grounded stories that encapsulate sociotechnical implications of technology, pointing to plausible alternative futures.
4.
Dodig-Crnkovic, Gordana, 1955
(author)
Natural Morphological Computation as Foundation of Learning to Learn in Humans, Other Living Organisms, and Intelligent Machines
2020
In: Philosophies. - Basel, Switzerland : MDPI AG. - 2409-9287. ; 5:3
Journal article (peer-reviewed) abstract
The emerging contemporary natural philosophy provides a common ground for the integrative view of the natural, the artificial, and the human-social knowledge and practices. Learning process is central for acquiring, maintaining, and managing knowledge, both theoretical and practical. This paper explores the relationships between the present advances in understanding of learning in the sciences of the artificial (deep learning, robotics), natural sciences (neuroscience, cognitive science, biology), and philosophy (philosophy of computing, philosophy of mind, natural philosophy). The question is, what at this stage of the development the inspiration from nature, specifically its computational models such as info-computation through morphological computing, can contribute to machine learning and artificial intelligence, and how much on the other hand models and experiments in machine learning and robotics can motivate, justify, and inform research in computational cognitive science, neurosciences, and computing nature. We propose that one contribution can be understanding of the mechanisms of 'learning to learn', as a step towards deep learning with symbolic layer of computation/information processing in a framework linking connectionism with symbolism. As all natural systems possessing intelligence are cognitive systems, we describe the evolutionary arguments for the necessity of learning to learn for a system to reach human-level intelligence through evolution and development. The paper thus presents a contribution to the epistemology of the contemporary philosophy of nature.
5.
Fazey, Ioan, et al.
(author)
Transforming knowledge systems for life on Earth : Visions of future systems and how to get there
2020
In: Energy Research & Social Science. - : Elsevier. - 2214-6296 .- 2214-6326. ; 70
Journal article (peer-reviewed) abstract
Formalised knowledge systems, including universities and research institutes, are important for contemporary societies. They are, however, also arguably failing humanity when their impact is measured against the level of progress being made in stimulating the societal changes needed to address challenges like climate change. In this research we used a novel futures-oriented and participatory approach that asked what future envisioned knowledge systems might need to look like and how we might get there. Findings suggest that envisioned future systems will need to be much more collaborative, open, diverse, egalitarian, and able to work with values and systemic issues. They will also need to go beyond producing knowledge about our world to generating wisdom about how to act within it. To get to envisioned systems we will need to rapidly scale methodological innovations, connect innovators, and creatively accelerate learning about working with intractable challenges. We will also need to create new funding schemes, a global knowledge commons, and challenge deeply held assumptions. To genuinely be a creative force in supporting longevity of human and non-human life on our planet, the shift in knowledge systems will probably need to be at the scale of the enlightenment and speed of the scientific and technological revolution accompanying the second World War. This will require bold and strategic action from governments, scientists, civic society and sustained transformational intent.
6.
Rexhepi, Hanife, 1984-, et al.
(author)
Online electronic healthcare records : Comparing the views of cancer patients and others
2020
In: Health Informatics Journal. - : Sage Publications. - 1460-4582 .- 1741-2811. ; 26:4, s. 2915-2929
Journal article (peer-reviewed) abstract
This study investigates differences in attitudes towards, and experiences with, online electronic health records between cancer patients and patients with other conditions, highlighting what is characteristic to cancer patients. A national patient survey on online access to electronic health records was conducted, where cancer patients were compared with all other respondents. Overall, 2587 patients completed the survey (response rate 0.61%). A total of 347 respondents (13.4%) indicated that they suffered from cancer. Results showed that cancer patients are less likely than other patients to use online electronic health records due to general interest (p < 0.001), but more likely for getting an overview of their health history (p = 0.001) and to prepare for visits (p < 0.001). Moreover, cancer patients rate benefits of accessing their electronic health records online higher than other patients and see larger positive effects regarding improved communication with and involvement in healthcare.
7.
Burgin, Mark, 1940, et al.
(author)
Introduction
2020
In: THEORETICAL INFORMATION STUDIES: Information in the world. - : WORLD SCIENTIFIC. - 9789813277496 ; , s. ix-xxi
Book chapter (other academic/artistic) abstract
Theoretical Information Studies is the second volume which together with Philosophy and Methodology of Information comprises a two-volume edition with the aim of laying out the foundation of the emerging research field of the Study of Information. It is based on the Summit “Digitalisation for a Sustainable Society” organized by the International Society for the Study of Information held in Gothenburg in 2017 (http://is4si-2017.org). This volume contains a selection of the best theoretical contributions from the Gothenburg summit, together with a number of invited contributions of leading contemporary researchers in the field of the Study of Information. https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/pdf/10.1142/9789813277496_0001
8.
Rose, Jeremy, et al.
(author)
Digital Inclusion Competences for Senior Citizens : The Survival Basics
2020
In: Electronic Government. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030575984 - 9783030575991 ; , s. 151-163
Conference paper (peer-reviewed) abstract
The rapid pace of digitalisation provides many smarter and more efficient ways of interacting with the world, but may also lead to the exclusion of some groups. Senior citizens are one of these groups at risk. Taking the European Digital Competence Framework for Citizens as a starting point, we investigate digital survival skills for the elderly. Data was collected from digital education workshops for senior citizens organized jointly between Telia, Swedish municipalities, and the researchers. We use content analysis to understand seniors’ perceptions of which competences they need to survive in an increasingly digital environment and provide a version of the Competence Framework targeted at senior citizen inclusion. Lessons for inclusion initiatives are drawn from the results.
9.
Zhong, Yixin, et al.
(author)
A Theory of Semantic Information in the Context of its Ecology
2020
In: THEORETICAL INFORMATION STUDIES: Information in the world. - : WORLD SCIENTIFIC. - 9789813277496 ; , s. 81-112
Book chapter (other academic/artistic) abstract
The information really useful to humans must be the trinity comprising three aspects: the form termed syntactic information, the meaning termed semantic information, and the use termed pragmatic information. The most well-known theory of information proposed by Shannon in 1948, often considered to be “the” theory of information is a statistical theory of syntactic information. Thus, semantic and pragmatic aspects are not addressed by Shannon. Instead they are fixed to the process of communication of sender to receiver via noisy channel. In this paper a theory of semantic information will be presented. It will also be shown that the semantic information is of the unique importance for the trinity. This is why we address a theory of semantic information without mentioning the syntactic and pragmatic information.
10.
Eneman, Marie, 1969, et al.
(author)
Governmental Surveillance - The balance between security and privacy
2020
In: UK Academy for Information Systems Conference Proceedings 2020.
Conference paper (peer-reviewed) abstract
The increased digitalisation of society and recent developments in AI is laying the ground for surveillance capabilities of a magnitude we have not seen before. Surveillance can be conducted by several different actors in society, this project focuses on the Swedish police currently using a large ensemble of surveillance technologies. Earlier this year, significant legislative changes governing the police authorities use of digital surveillance were enacted. These changes mean that the police now have been given an extended mandate to use digital surveillance as part of their professional practice, which places demands on balanced decisions and informed responsibility. On the one hand, the police have an interest to use digital surveillance to increase efficiency and security in society; on the other hand, the police must balance their interests with citizen’s so-called integrity-interests and right to privacy. This study will therefore examine to what extent the Swedish Police Authority pay attention to questions such as integrity and privacy when introducing digital surveillance. The study is guided by the following questions: (i) What opportunities can be related to the implementation and use of digital surveillance in police work? (ii) What kind of challenges do the increasing use of digital surveillance create between organisational governance, police officers’ work practice, and the integrity of citizens - and how do the police tackle these challenges? Theoretically, we draw on the established research fields on surveillance and privacy and empirically this study is designed as a qualitative study of the Swedish Police as our main case.
