| 1. |
- Björk, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Det kontrollerade chefskapet : variationer i genusmärkta verksamheter
- 2011
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Ingår i: Arbetsmarknad & Arbetsliv. - Karlstad : Karlstads universitet. - 1400-9692 .- 2002-343X. ; 17:4, s. 79-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Även om ett flertal studier undersöker betydelsen av New Public Management (NPM) för välfärdsstatens organisationer finns det få komparativa studier av NPM inom olika verksamheter. I denna studie intervjuas kommunala chefer i syfte att jämföra hur NPM omsätts i praktiken inom en teknisk verksamhet och en omsorgsverksamhet. Resultaten visar att verksamheternas genusmärkning innebär olika förutsättningar för cheferna att hantera NPM.
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| 2. |
- Kankkunen, Tina Forsberg, et al.
(författare)
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New Public Management i kommunal praktik : En studie om chefers möjlighet att hantera styrning inom verksamheterna Vatten, Gymnasium och Äldreomsorg
- 2014
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Ingår i: ISM rapport. - Göteborg : Institutet för stressmedicin. - 1652-7089. ; 2014:15
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna studie belyser chefers möjligheter att hantera styrning inom olika kommunala verksamheter. Syftet med rapporten är att undersöka och jämföra hur styrning praktiseras inom den kvinnodominerade verksamheten ’Äldreboende’, den könsintegrerade verksamheten ’Gymnasium’, samt den mansdominerade tekniska verksamheten ’Vatten’. Analysen baseras på 30 intervjuer med linjechefer i fyra kommuner. För att förstå sammanhanget runt chefernas berättelser har även aktörer på kommunledningsnivå intervjuats. En utgångspunkt i studien är att jämförelser mellan olika organisatoriska sammanhang kan skapa lärande i arbetslivet.De deskriptiva resultat som presenteras i rapporten visar att styrning i linje med New Public Management har inneburit att cheferna upplever sig allt mer klämda mellan organisationens styrning och medarbetarnas och verksamhetens behov. Med New Public Management betonas styrning genom ekonomi, standardiserade processer, mål och uppföljning samt värderingar. De medverkande cheferna beskriver att detta har medfört målkonflikter som kan vara svåra att hantera. Det skiljer sig dock mellan verksamheterna hur målkonflikterna hanteras. Inom den mansdominerade verksamheten Vatten beskriver cheferna hur organisationen tar ansvar för målkonflikterna på ett sätt som möjliggör för cheferna att hantera dem. Inom Gymnasium och Äldreboende beskriver cheferna istället att de många gånger själva får hantera och ta konsekvenserna av målkonflikterna.Vi pekar sammanfattningsvis på fyra lärdomar kring chefens möjligheter att hantera målkonflikter. Dessa lärdomar handlar om hur arbetet organiseras, snarare än om chefernas individuella strategier. Vi talar om vikten av ett nära stöd, av att dela värld, av gemensamt språk och avgränsade mål och slutligen, vikten av tillit.
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| 3. |
- Durbeej, N., et al.
(författare)
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Substance abuse treatment as a predictor of criminal recidivism among psychiatrically examined Swedish offenders
- 2010
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Ingår i: European psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 0924-9338 .- 1778-3585. ; 25:Supplement 1, s. 32-32
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Substance abuse is clearly associated with criminal recidivism among offenders with and without mental disorder. Treatment for substance abuse correlates with lower rates of re-offending among participants in outpatient-based as well as institution-based substance abuse treatment programs. However, for offenders with mental disorder, research on the possible preventive effect of substance abuse treatment on criminal recidivism is sparse. This paper reports from on an ongoing naturalistic and prospective interview study on the relationship between post-release outpatient substance abuse treatment and re-offending. Methods. The Stockholm county sample comprises 246 offenders of both genders subjected to a forensic psychiatric assessment, who screened positive for substance abuse problems. Eighty-five percent (n=210) agreed to participate in the study. Baseline data and follow-up interview data, collected immediately on release from incarceration (prison/forensic hospital) and 6 and 12 months later, include self-reported substance abuse, treatment involvement and criminality. By February 2010, data will be available from the first follow-up for 150 participants, from the second follow-up for 80 individuals and from the third follow-up for 10 subjects. Results and conclusions. The focus of the presentation will be recidivism comparisons between substance abuse treatment utilizers and those who decline treatment. Data on ongoing levels of substance abuse, mental health problems and offending will serve as dependent variables. Additional analyses will present perceived benefit from and reasons for accepting or rejecting treatment.
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| 4. |
- Fredriksson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Running wheel activity restores MPTP-induced functional deficits
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of neural transmission. - Wien : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0300-9564 .- 1435-1463. ; 118:3, s. 407-420
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wheel-running and treadmill running physical exercise have been shown to alleviate parkinsonism in both laboratory and clinical studies. MPTP was administered to C57/BL6 mice using two different procedures: (a) administration of a double-dose regime (MPTP 2 × 20 or 2 × 40 mg/kg, separated by a 24-h interval), vehicle (saline 5 ml/kg) or saline (vehicle 2 × 5 ml/kg), and (b) administration of a single-dose weekly regime (MPTP 1 × 40 mg/kg) or saline (vehicle 1 × 5 ml/kg) repeated over 4 consecutive weeks. For each procedure, two different physical exercise regimes were followed: (a) after the double-dose MPTP regime, mice were given daily 30-min periods of wheel-running exercise over 5 consecutive days/week or placed in a cage in close proximity to the running wheels for 3 weeks. (b) Mice were either given wheel-running activity on 4 consecutive days (30-min periods) or placed in a cage nearby for 14 weeks. Behavioral testing was as follows: (a) after 3 weeks of exercise/no exercise, mice were tested for spontaneous motor activity (60 min) and subthreshold l-Dopa (5 mg/kg)-induced activity. (b) Spontaneous motor activity was measured on the fifth day during each of the each of the first 5 weeks (Tests 1–5), about 1 h before injections (first 4 weeks), and continued on the 5th days of the 6th to the 14th weeks (Tests 6–14). Subthreshold l-Dopa (5 mg/kg)-induced activity was tested on the 6th, 8th, 10th, 12th and 14th weeks. (b) Mice from the single-dose MPTP weekly regime were killed during the 15th week and striatal regions taken for dopamine analysis, whereas frontal and parietal cortex and hippocampus were taken for analysis of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). It was shown that in both experiments, i.e., the double-dose regime and single-dose weekly regime of MPTP administration, physical activity attenuated markedly the MPTP-induced akinesia/hypokinesia in both the spontaneous motor activity and restored motor activity completely in subthreshold l-Dopa tests. Running wheel activity attenuated markedly the loss of dopamine due to repeated administrations of MPTP. BDNF protein level in the parietal cortex was elevated by the MPTP insult and increased further by physical exercise. Physical running wheel exercise alleviated both the functional and biomarker expressions of MPTP-induced parkinsonism.
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| 5. |
- Forsberg Kankkunen, Tina, et al.
(författare)
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Från kvinnors arbetsmiljö till genus och arbetsmiljö : reflektioner om genus, arbetsmiljö och förändring
- 2015
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Ingår i: Sprickor, öppningar & krackeleringar. - Sundsvall/Härmösand : Mittuniversitetet. - 9789188025425 ; , s. 125-142
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- När arbetsmiljö studeras i ett genusperspektiv talas i allmänhet i termer av kvinnors arbetsmiljö och förklaringar till ohälsa söks hos kvinnorna själva. Det talas sällan i termer av mäns arbetsmiljö. När det handlar om mansdominerade delar av arbetsmarknaden synliggörs istället arbetsvillkoren och ansträngningar görs för att förbättra dem. I detta bokkapitel argumenterar vi för att det är dags att sluta använda begreppet kvinnors arbetsmiljö. Arbetsmiljön är inte utformad efter kön och lösningarna hittas inte om analyser och åtgärder av arbetsmiljön baseras på särskiljande av kvinnor och män. Gör man det riskerar man att förklara arbetsmiljön med kön och riskerar att dölja att könsskillnader som syns i könsuppdelad statistik är konsekvenser av att arbetsmarknaden är segregerad och att det finns systematiska skillnader mellan typiskt kvinnliga och manliga verksamheter. För att synliggöra och förändra sådana könsskillnader i arbetsmiljön behövs ett fokus på de organisatoriska sammanhang som flertalet kvinnor och män finns i. Kapitlet handlar om hur arbetsmiljön kan förstås och studeras med ett genusperspektiv som tar fasta på den horisontella könssegregeringen och på hur de könssegregerade arbetsplatserna är organiserade.
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| 6. |
- Forsberg, Tina, et al.
(författare)
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Shaping Management in Gendered Work : A Comparative Study in the Swedish Public Sector
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Administration. - : University of Gothenburg. - 2001-7405 .- 2001-7413 .- 2000-8058. ; 26:2, s. 89-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By exploring management in a study of different municipal departments, this paper contributes to a theoretical and empirical understanding of how the type of work shapes and reproduces management practices and inequality in working conditions within a horizontally segregated public sector. A structural theoretical model guides the design of the empirical qualitative study within education, elderly care and water supply in several Swedish municipalities. The comparative analysis shows that, while managers within water supply take control over management and are allowed to do so, managers in education and care are instructed to take personal responsibility when handling goal conflicts and lack of resources. Gendered norms and values inscribed in the type of work seem to be fundamentally integral to management practices, which affect the local manager’s authority and actions. The results of this study illustrate how management is practiced and reinforces differences in status between different types of work.
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| 7. |
- Erdner, Anette, et al.
(författare)
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Social and existential alienation experienced by people with long-term mental illness
- 2005
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 19:4, s. 373-380
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to explore how people suffering from long-term mental illness and who live in the community experience their daily lives. The study was based on an ethnographic framework involving participant observations with 23 individuals from two rehabilitation centres and interviews with six women and two men. The observational notes and interviews were recorded, transcribed into the data and analysed based on the phases of hermeneutic interpretation. The process consisted of identifying tentative interpretations that highlighted various impediments that prevent people with long-term mental illness from having an active life. The impediments can also be interpreted as a form of alienation, an interpersonal phenomenon and a consequence due to of the lack of social acceptance towards mental illness. The participants expressed concern about the future and lack of hope. Viewing themselves as being ‘odd’ is not a symptom of mental illness, but rather evidence of experiencing existential and social alienation not only as a consequence of other people's reactions but also their own negative attitudes towards mental illness and effects of their cognitive dysfunction.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Johansson, Fred, et al.
(författare)
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Associations Between Procrastination and Subsequent Health Outcomes Among University Students in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: JAMA Network Open. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2574-3805. ; 6:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance Procrastination is prevalent among university students and is hypothesized to lead to adverse health outcomes. Previous cross-sectional research suggests that procrastination is associated with mental and physical health outcomes, but longitudinal evidence is currently scarce.Objective To evaluate the association between procrastination and subsequent health outcomes among university students in Sweden.Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study was based on the Sustainable University Life study, conducted between August 19, 2019, and December 15, 2021, in which university students recruited from 8 universities in the greater Stockholm area and Örebro were followed up at 5 time points over 1 year. The present study used data on 3525 students from 3 time points to assess whether procrastination was associated with worse health outcomes 9 months later.Exposure Self-reported procrastination, measured using 5 items from the Swedish version of the Pure Procrastination Scale rated on a Likert scale from 1 (“very rarely or does not represent me”) to 5 (“very often or always represents me”) and summed to give a total procrastination score ranging from 5 to 25.Main Outcomes and Measures Sixteen self-reported health outcomes were assessed at the 9-month follow-up. These included mental health problems (symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress), disabling pain (neck and/or upper back, lower back, upper extremities, and lower extremities), unhealthy lifestyle behaviors (poor sleep quality, physical inactivity, tobacco use, cannabis use, alcohol use, and breakfast skipping), psychosocial health factors (loneliness and economic difficulties), and general health.Results The study included 3525 participants (2229 women [63%]; mean [SD] age, 24.8 [6.2] years), with a follow-up rate of 73% (n = 2587) 9 months later. The mean (SD) procrastination score at baseline was 12.9 (5.4). An increase of 1 SD in procrastination was associated with higher mean symptom levels of depression (β, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.09-0.17), anxiety (β, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.04-0.12), and stress (β, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.08-0.15), and having disabling pain in the upper extremities (risk ratio [RR], 1.27; 95% CI, 1.14-1.42), poor sleep quality (RR, 1.09, 95% CI, 1.05-1.14), physical inactivity (RR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.04-1.11), loneliness (RR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02-1.12), and economic difficulties (RR, 1.15, 95% CI, 1.02-1.30) at the 9-month follow-up, after controlling for a large set of potential confounders.Conclusions and Relevance This cohort study of Swedish university students suggests that procrastination is associated with subsequent mental health problems, disabling pain, unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, and worse psychosocial health factors. Considering that procrastination is prevalent among university students, these findings may be of importance to enhance the understanding of students’ health.
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| 10. |
- Gerdle, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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The importance of emotional distress, cognitive behavioural factors and pain for life impact at baseline and for outcomes after rehabilitation - a SQRP study of more than 20,000 chronic pain patients
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Pain. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1877-8860 .- 1877-8879. ; 19:4, s. 693-711
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims Although literature concerning chronic pain patients indicates that cognitive behavioural variables, specifically acceptance and fear of movement/(re)injury, are related to life impact, the relative roles of these factors in relation to pain characteristics (e.g. intensity and spreading) and emotional distress are unclear. Moreover, how these variables affect rehabilitation outcomes in different subgroups is insufficiently understood. This study has two aims: (1) to investigate how pain, cognitive behavioural, and emotional distress variables intercorrelate and whether these variables can regress aspects of life impact and (2) to analyse whether these variables can be used to identify clinically meaningful subgroups at baseline and which subgroups benefit most from multimodal rehabilitation programs (MMRP) immediately after and at 12-month follow-up. Methods Pain aspects, background variables, psychological distress, cognitive behavioural variables, and two life impact variables were obtained from the Swedish Quality Registry for Pain Rehabilitation (SQRP) for chronic pain patients. These data were analysed mainly using advanced multivariate methods. Results The study includes 22,406 chronic pain patients. Many variables, including acceptance variables, showed important contributions to the variation in clinical presentations and in life impacts. Based on the statistically important variables considering the clinical presentation, three clusters/subgroups of patients were identified at baseline; from the worst clinical situation to the relatively good situation. These clusters showed significant differences in outcomes after participating in MMRP; the subgroup with the worst situation at baseline showed the most significant improvements. Conclusions Pain intensity/severity, emotional distress, acceptance, and life impacts were important for the clinical presentation and were used to identify three clusters with marked differences at baseline (i.e. before MMRP). Life impacts showed complex relationships with acceptance, pain intensity/severity, and emotional distress. The most significant improvements after MMRP were seen in the subgroup with the lowest level of functioning before treatment, indicating that patients with complex problems should be offered MMRP. Implications This study emphasizes the need to adopt a biopsychosocial perspective when assessing patients with chronic pain. Patients with chronic pain referred to specialist clinics are not homogenous in their clinical presentation. Instead we identified three distinct subgroups of patients. The outcomes of MMRP appears to be related to the clinical presentation. Thus, patients with the most severe clinical presentation show the most prominent improvements. However, even though this group of patients improve they still after MMRP show a complex situation and there is thus a need for optimizing the content of MMRP for these patients. The subgroup of patients with a relatively good situation with respect to pain, psychological distress, coping and life impact only showed minor improvements after MMRP. Hence, there is a need to develop other complex interventions for them.
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