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Measurement with persons : Theory, methods and implementation areas
- 2011. - 1
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Measurements with persons are those in which human perception and interpretation are used for measuring complex, holistic quantities and qualities, which are perceived by the human brain and mind. Providing means for reproducible measurement of parameters such as pleasure and pain has important implications in evaluating all kinds of products, services and conditions. This book inaugurates a new era for this subject: a multi- and inter-disciplinary volume in which world-renowned scientists from the psychological, physical, biological, and social sciences reach a common understanding of measurement theory and methods. In the first section, generic theoretical and methodological issues are treated, including the perceptual basis of measurement in the various fields involved; the development of formal, representational, and probabilistic theories; the approach to experimentation; and the theories, models and methods for multidimensional problems. In the second section, several implementation areas are presented, including sound, visual, skin , and odor perception, functional brain imaging, body language and emotions , and, finally the use of measurements in decision making. The book covers topics relevant to a range of sciences, including general psychology and psychophysics, measurement theory, metrology and instrumentation, neurophysiology, engineering, biology and chemistry.
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| 2. |
- Forssén, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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Auralization of traffic noise within the LISTEN project : Preliminary results for passenger car pass-by
- 2009
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Ingår i: Euronoise 2009. - Edinburgh : Institute of Acoustics.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Auralization of future traffic noise scenarios would be a valuable tool for city planners, noise consultants and decision makers, since it would make it possible to evaluate various noise mitigation solutions already at the planning stage. The main goal of the Swedish multidisciplinary research project LISTEN is to develop such a tool. In the present paper, auralizations of a single pass-by of a passenger car are investigated with respect to different simulation approaches, and the methodologies behind the approaches are described. Three listening experiments were conducted in order to perceptually evaluate the auralizations. The results showed a high degree of perceptual agreement between real and auralized sounds. However, slight differences between real and auralized sounds were found for perceived realism, annoyance and speed of vehicles, which calls for further improvements of the auralizations.
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| 3. |
- Nilsson, Mats E., et al.
(författare)
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Perceptual evaluation of a real time auralization tool
- 2009
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Ingår i: Euronoise 2009. - Edinburgh : Institute of Acoustics.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper illustrates the use of psychoacoustic methods and multivariate statistics for perceptual evaluation of auralizations. In four experiments, listeners assessed binaural recordings and auralizations of the same sound sources, using a newly developed tool for real time auralization of room acoustics. The recorded signals were music and speech reproduced by a loudspeaker in a classroom and an auditorium. Listeners assessed (a) perceived realism of recorded versus auralized sounds, (b) perceived similarity of pair wise presented sounds, (c) perceived intelligibility of spoken words, and (d) a set of perceptual attributes of sounds, using eight semantic differential scales. The results showed that listeners could discriminate between recorded and auralized sounds, although they were perceived as equally realistic. Analysis showed that auralized sounds were perceived as less full and more metallic than recorded sounds, and auralized speech were easier to catch (hear, understand) than the recorded speech. The next step of this ongoing research is to conduct psychoacoustic analysis in order to identify acoustic differences between recorded and auralized sounds that may explain their perceptual differences.
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| 4. |
- Pendrill, Leslie, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement with Persons : a European Network
- 2010
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Ingår i: Measure. ; 5:2, s. 42-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European ‘Measuring the Impossible’ Network MINET promotes new research activities in measurement dependent on human perception and/or interpretation. This includes the perceived attributes of products and services, such as quality or desirability, and societal parameters such as security and well-being. Work has aimed at consensus about four ‘generic’ metrological issues: (1) Measurement Concepts & Terminology; (2) Measurement Techniques: (3) Measurement Uncertainty; and (4) Decision-making & Impact Assessment, and how these can be applied specifically to the ‘Measurement of Persons’ in terms of ‘Man as a Measurement Instrument’ and ‘Measuring Man.’ Some of the main achievements of MINET include a research repository with glossary; training course; book; series of workshops; think tanks and study visits, which have brought together a unique constellation of researchers from physics, metrology, physiology, psychophysics, psychology and sociology. Metrology (quality-assured measurement) in this area is relatively underdeveloped, despite great potential for innovation, and extends beyond traditional physiological metrology in that it also deals with measurement with all human senses as well as mental and behavioral processes. This is particularly relevant in applications where humans are an important component of critical systems, where for instance health and safety are at stake.
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| 5. |
- Rozental, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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A psychometric evaluation of the Swedish translation of the Perceived Stress Scale: a Rasch analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Psychiatry. - : Springer Nature. - 1471-244X. ; 23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Stress reflects physical and psychological reactions to imposing demands and is often measured using self-reports. A widely-used instrument is the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), intended to capture more general aspects of stress. A Swedish translation of the PSS is available but has not previously been examined using modern test theory approaches. The aim of the current study is to apply Rasch analysis to further the understanding of the PSS’ measurement properties, and, in turn, improve its utility in different settings.Methods: Data from 793 university students was used to investigate the dimensionality of different version of the PSS (14, 10, and 4 items) as well as potential response patterns among the participants.Results: The current study demonstrates that the PSS-14 has two separate factors, divided between negatively worded items (perceived stress) and positively worded items (perceived [lack of] control), although with only the negative subscale exhibiting good reliability. Response patterns were analyzed using Differential Item Functioning, which did not find an influence of gender on any of the items, but for age regarding the positive subscale (items 6 and 9). The PSS-10 also demonstrated adequate reliability for the negative subscale, but the PSS-4 was not deemed suitable as a unidimensional scale.Conclusions: Based on the results, none of the versions of the PSS should be used by sum-scoring all of the items. Only the negative items from the PSS-14 or PSS-10 can be used as unidimensional scales to measure general aspects of stress. As for different response patterns, gender may nevertheless be important to consider, as prior research has found differences on several items. Meanwhile, content validity is discussed, questioning the relevance of anger and being upset when measuring more general aspects of stress. Finally, a table to convert the PSS-7 (i.e., negative items) ordinal sum scores to interval level scores is provided.
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| 6. |
- Skedung, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Tactile perception : Finger friction, surface roughness and perceived coarseness
- 2011
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Ingår i: Tribology International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-679X .- 1879-2464. ; 44:5, s. 505-512
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Finger friction measurements performed on a series of printing papers are evaluated to determine representativeness of a single individual. Results show occasionally large variations in friction coefficients. Noteworthy though is that the trends in friction coefficients are the same, where coated (smoother) papers display higher friction coefficients than uncoated (rougher) papers. The present study also examined the relationship between the measured friction coefficients and surface roughness to the perceived coarseness of the papers. It was found that both roughness and finger friction can be related to perceived coarseness, where group data show that perceived coarseness increases with increasing roughness.
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| 7. |
- Gogoulou, Evangelia, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting treatment outcome from patient texts : The case of internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy
- 2021
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Ingår i: EACL 2021 - 16th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Proceedings of the Conference. - : Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL). - 9781954085022 ; , s. 575-580
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the feasibility of applying standard text categorisation methods to patient text in order to predict treatment outcome in Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy. The data set is unique in its detail and size for regular care for depression, social anxiety, and panic disorder. Our results indicate that there is a signal in the depression data, albeit a weak one. We also perform terminological and sentiment analysis, which confirm those results. © 2021 Association for Computational Linguistics
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| 8. |
- Karlsson, Bodil, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Light my fire but don't choke on the smoke: Wellbeing and pollution from fireplace use in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Energy Research and Social Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-6296 .- 2214-6326. ; 69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fireplaces are popular in Northern Europe. However, particle emissions from fireplaces have been identified as an environmental problem and a health problem. User behaviors affect particle emissions and the success of particle reducing technologies to a large extent. This interdisciplinary study aims to investigate why and how people use their fireplaces, including what emotions people associate with fire, and their interest in learning more about fire making and changing behavior related to fire making. It does so by applying an emotion regulation model in a novel way. In total, 146 Swedish individuals owning a fireplace (the majority had wood stoves, a few had tiled stoves, boilers or other types of fireplaces) participated in an online questionnaire about motives, behaviors, knowledge, and interest in learning and changing behavior. The most common motives for using a fireplace in this sample were complementary heating and “cozy fire making”. Our results suggest that watching a fire can aid in regulating emotions from unpleasant stress towards joy and provide a pleasant atmosphere for socialization, and that wood fuel may be a preferred complementary energy choice because it provides beautiful light, comfortable warmth, beautiful design and safety. People reporting emotional motives for using a fireplace also reported an interest in changing behavior. © 2020
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| 9. |
- Smith, Göran, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Adopting Mobility-as-a-Service: An empirical analysis of end-users' experiences
- 2022
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Ingår i: Travel Behaviour and Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-367X .- 2214-3688. ; 28, s. 237-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite widespread interest, empirical research on how end-users perceive and use Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) is scarce. To address this knowledge gap, this paper analyzes the end-user process of adopting a MaaS service entitled EC2B, which was launched in Gothenburg (Sweden) in the spring of 2019. The contribution to the MaaS literature is three-fold. Firstly, the paper provides insight into potential user segments by describing the characteristics and motives of the studied pool of adopters. Secondly, it improves the understanding of the potential effects of MaaS by outlining how the EC2B service was used and how it influenced travel behavior. Thirdly, the paper informs strategies for facilitating MaaS adoption by outlining what types of drivers and barriers the end-users faced during different stages of the adoption process. The reported findings underscore previous assertions that MaaS is much more than just an app and a subscription plan and highlight the mutually reinforcing relationship between the introduction of MaaS and the implementation of policies aimed at reducing car use.
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| 10. |
- Wallert, John, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting remission after internet-delivered psychotherapy in patients with depression using machine learning and multi-modal data
- 2022
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Ingår i: Translational Psychiatry. - : Springer Nature. - 2158-3188. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study applied supervised machine learning with multi-modal data to predict remission of major depressive disorder {MDD) after psychotherapy. Genotyped adult patients (n = 894, 65.5% women, age 18-75 years) diagnosed with mild-to-moderate MDD and treated with guided Internet-based Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (ICBT) at the Internet Psychiatry Clinic in Stockholm were included (2008-2016). Predictor types were demographic, clinical, process (e.g., time to complete online questionnaires), and genetic (polygenic risk scores). Outcome was remission status post ICBT (cut-off <= 10 on MADRS-S). Data were split into train (60%) and validation (40%) given ICBT start date. Predictor selection employed human expertise followed by recursive feature elimination. Model derivation was internally validated through cross-validation. The final random forest model was externally validated against a (i) null, (ii) logit, (iii) XGBoost, and {iv) blended meta-ensemble model on the hold-out validation set. Feature selection retained 45 predictors representing all four predictor types. With unseen validation data, the final random forest model proved reasonably accurate at classifying post ICBT remission (Accuracy 0.656 [0.604, 0.705], P vs null model = 0.004; AUC 0.687 [0.631, 0.743]), slightly better vs logit (bootstrap D = 1.730, P = 0.084) but not vs XGBoost (D = 0.463, P = 0.643). Transparency analysis showed model usage of all predictor types at both the group and individual patient level. A new, multi-modal classifier for predicting MDD remission status after ICBT treatment in routine psychiatric care was derived and empirically validated. The multi-modal approach to predicting remission may inform tailored treatment, and deserves further investigation to attain clinical usefulness.
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