| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Rönnlund, Michael, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
Predictors of self-reported prospective and retrospective memory in a population-based sample of older adults
- 2011
-
Ingår i: The Journal of Genetic Psychology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0022-1325 .- 1940-0896. ; 172:3, s. 266-284
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, the authors examined predictors of self-reported everyday memory failures using the Prospective and Retrospective Questionnaire (PRMQ; Smith, Della Sala, Logie, &Maylor, 2000) in a population-based sample of older adults (age range = 60–90 years; N = 250). The results showed that a higher frequency of reported failures was associated with lower scores on the personality dimension of self-directedness as assessed by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI; Cloninger, Dragan, Svrakic,& Przybeck, 1993) and more depressive symptoms on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D; Radloff, 1977).However, PRMQscores showed no relationships with objective memory ability, as reflected by a series of retrospective memory measures and a measure of prospective memory. Neither were the PRMQ scales associated with general cognitive functioning as assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE; Folstein, Folstein, & McHugh, 1977). Taken together, the results indicate that within the older population, self-reported memory as assessed by the PRMQ may reflect moodstate and personality factors rather than individual differences in memory and cognitive ability.
|
|
| 3. |
- Vestergren, Peter, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Development of the cognitive dysfunction questionnaire (CDQ) in a population based sample
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - Stockholm : Almqvist & Wiksell. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 52:3, s. 218-228
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study reports on the development of a questionnaire for assessment of adult cognitive dysfunction (CDQ). Participants in a population-based sample(65 ± 15 years, N = 370) responded to a 90-item pilot version covering multiple aspects of memory/cognition. Based on exploratory principal components analyses and correlations with criterion measures of cognitive functioning (MMSE, Block Design, semantic/episodic memory), 20 items loading on 6 components were selected for the final version of the questionnaire. Cronbach’s a for the total score was 0.90. There was evidence of construct validity as judged by correlations between CDQ scores, objective cognitive measures, and a subjective memory measure (PRMQ). Discriminant validity was demonstrated by a low and non-significant correlation with depressive symptoms. Further evidence of construct validity was provided by correlations with age and educational attainment. In conclusion, the CDQ is promising as a self-rating screening tool for cognitive dysfunction, and will be the subject of further development and validation.
|
|
| 4. |
- Vestergren, Peter, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Perceived causes of everyday memory problems in a population-based sample aged 39–99
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Applied Cognitive Psychology. - Chichester : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.. - 0888-4080 .- 1099-0720. ; 25:4, s. 641-646
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is usually a weak relation between memory complaints and laboratory memory performance, but few studies have investigated what people perceive as causes of their everyday memory problems. This study investigated prevalence, severity and perceived causes of memory problems in a population-based sample (N = 361, age-range 39–99). 30.2 per cent of the participants reported memory complaints (at least moderate memory problems). Higher age was associated with more severe memory problems, but the age-related differences were small. The most frequent perceived causes were age/ageing, stress and multitasking. Age/ageing as a cause was more frequent among older participants, and stress and multitasking were more frequent among middle-aged participants. The results suggest that everyday stress and level of engagement in multiple tasks or commitments, that place demands on cognitive resources, are important variables to consider when studying the relations between subjective everyday memory measures, age and memory performance in the laboratory.
|
|
| 5. |
- Allodi Westling, Mara, 1959-
(författare)
-
The meaning of social climate of learning environments : some reasons why we do not care enough about it.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Learning Environments Research. - : Springer. - 1387-1579 .- 1573-1855. ; 13:2, s. 89-104
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to analyse reasons underlying the neglect of social climate in education. It discusses the relevance of the concept of social climate in learning environments: presenting evidence of its effects; its importance in special needs and inclusive education; presenting existing differences between settings; discussing the contribution of social climate to teachers’ professional autonomy. The arguments support the view that social climate is an essential factor in educational processes and make incomprehensible the scarce attention reserved to it in educational policy, research and teacher programs. Indications of neglect in the Swedish context are presented. The resistance towards the concept of social climate is related to a) dualistic and hierarchic views; b) characteristics of bureaucratic systems; c) reductionist interpretations; d) difficulties in handling and evaluating social values and goals; e) post-modern criticism of scientific knowledge and psychology. Implications for counteracting reductive interpretations and meeting resistance and criticism are discussed.
|
|
| 6. |
- Andersson, Håkan, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
The Contribution of Hot and Cool Self-Regulation in Early Childhood to Later Academic Achievement
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to investigate the contribution of hot (emotional/motivational) and cool (cognitive) self-regulation in early childhood to lateracademic achievement in kindergarten (math) and late elementary school (math andlanguage). In a sample of 235 preschoolers, higher levels of cool self-regulation predicted better math achievement in kindergarten and this head-start effect persisted into late elementary school. In contrast, higher levels of hot self-regulation predicted better language but not math achievement in late elementary school. These findings support the notion that cool self-regulation is important for the development of academic skills already inkindergarten, whereas the effects on academic achievement of hot self-regulation are delayed, which may be a result of increasing demands through elementary school.
|
|
| 7. |
- Aronsson, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
-
Inte bara här och nu utan också där och då : - reflektioner om arbetslivsforskningen och det stora hållbarhetsprojektet
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Arbetsliv i omvandling. - Stockholm : arbetslivsinstitutet. - 1404-8426. ; :1, s. 15-26
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Arbetet är den primära källan till den hållbarhetskris vi lever i men därmed också nyckeln till hållbar utveckling. I arbetets sfär utvecklas såväl destruktiva som miljövänliga produkter och processer. Arbetet orsakar utslagning, stress, sjukdomar, förkortar liv, skiktar samhällen socialt och förstör livsbetingelser men arbete är också grunden för frihet, välfärd, mening, gemenskap, teknisk och medicinsk utveckling. Arbetet förbinder människan med naturen och strukturerar relationer mellan människor inte bara lokalt utan också globalt. Arbetets och produktionens sfär är trots den positionen märkligt frånvarande i hållbarhetsdiskussionen. Arbetslivsforskningen har spelat och spelar en stor roll i generering av kunskaper om organisatorisk och individuell hållbarhet även om aktiviteten inte rubriceras som hållbarhetsforskning. Forskningen är oftast riktat mot verksamhetsnivån, vilket innebär att den hitintills inte har axlat den roll den bör ha i det omställningsprojekt, som nu tar form och som sträcker sig över verksamhets- kunskaps- och nationsgränser. Mycket av den kunskap som genererats inom verksamhetsperspektivet har dock stor relevans också i hållbarhetsprojektet. Det gäller forskning och kunskaper om bland annat organisering, ledning, committment, kultur, styrnings- och omställningskunnande och naturligtvis all den kunskap som genererats om individen ur social, psykologisk och medicinsk synpunkt. Det framväxande stora hållbarhetsprojektet handlar om att rikta fokus mot hela produktionskedjor - alltifrån utvinning ur naturen, över förädling, bearbetning och användning till återvinning. Ett sådant angreppssätt kräver både djup kunskap om och hög grad av specialisering på olika delar i produktionskedjan och systemanalys. Arbetsvetenskaplig forskning är väl rustad och organiserad för det förstnämnda men mindre bra på analys av produktionskedjor ur ett hållbarhetsperspektiv. Uppgiften är inte heller begränsad till att beskriva och analysera utan uppgiften gäller också att studera betingelserna för förändring och utveckling i riktning mot hållbarhet. Detta kräver ett samhällsperspektiv eftersom en rad samhälleliga regleringssystem har inflytande på var produktionen förläggs och därmed produktionskedjans utseende och betingelserna för de som arbetar.
|
|
| 8. |
- Bergh, Robin, et al.
(författare)
-
The Personality Underpinnings of Explicit and Implicit Generalized Prejudice
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Social Psychological and Personality Science. - : SAGE Publications. - 1948-5506 .- 1948-5514. ; 3:5, s. 614-621
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The idea of prejudice as a tendency that can be generalized from one target to another and the personality–prejudice relationship have been widely examined using explicit measures. However, less is known about this tendency and its relation to personality for implicit prejudice measures, like the implicit association test (IAT). Three studies including explicit and corresponding implicit prejudice measures toward various target groups confirmed a generalized factor for both types of measures with a stronger common component for the explicit factor. Personality was significantly related to the explicit measures only. Also, the personality and prejudice measures were unrelated to explicit and implicit attitudes toward an irrelevant target which rules out potential method confound. These results indicate that explicit and implicit prejudice measures tap different psychological constructs relating differently to the individual’s self-reported personality. The findings have implications for the debate on whether IAT scores reflect personally endorsed attitudes.
|
|
| 9. |
- Durbeej, Natalie, et al.
(författare)
-
Validation of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test in a Swedish sample of suspected offenders with signs of mental health problems : results from the Mental Disorder, Substance Abuse and Crime study
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0740-5472 .- 1873-6483. ; 39:4, s. 364-377
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Substance abuse is common among offenders. One method widely used for the detection of substance abuse is screening. This study explored the concurrent validity of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT) screening tools in relation to (a) substance abuse and dependency diagnoses and (b) three problem severity domains of the sixth version of the Addiction Severity Index in a sample of 181 suspected offenders with signs of mental health problems. The screening tools showed moderate to high accuracy for identification of dependency diagnoses. The AUDIT was associated with alcohol problem severity, whereas the DUDIT was associated with drug and legal problem severity. Administering the screening tools in the current population yields valid results. However, the suggested cutoff scores should be applied with caution due to the discrepancy between present and previous findings.
|
|
| 10. |
- Ferrer-Wreder, Laura, et al.
(författare)
-
Advancing Intervention Science Through Effectiveness Research : A Global Perspective
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Child and Youth Care Forum. - : Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. - 1053-1890 .- 1573-3319. ; 41:2, s. 109-117
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Effectiveness research is maturing as a field within intervention and prevention science. Effectiveness research involves the implementation and evaluation of the effectiveness of the dissemination of evidence-based interventions in everyday circumstances (i.e., type 2 translational research). Effectiveness research is characterized by diverse types of research studies. Progress in this field has the potential to inform several debates within intervention science [e.g., fidelity versus local and cultural adaptation; identification of core components, effective dissemination systems). Objective: To provide illustrations from different countries (Ireland, Italy, South Africa, Sweden, New Zealand, and the United States) of how intervention science might raise the value of future effectiveness or type 2 translational research. Methods: Themes raised by individual articles and across articles are summarized and expanded on in this commentary. Results: Themes consist of raising awareness about the importance of effectiveness research on the cultural adaptation of evidence-based interventions and intervention support structures, as well as further development of strategies to bridge the gap between research and practice. Conclusions: Effectiveness research has an important role to play in affecting systemic change on a population level and allowing us to gain a realistic global understanding of the phenomena we hope to change through interventions. Articles in this special issue provide reports from social scientists and practitioners located in various parts of the world and offer a rich, diverse portrait of effectiveness research and theory development. The totality of the work contained in this special issue anticipates many of the changes that intervention and prevention science will undergo as we progress and develop effective dissemination strategies for evidence-based interventions that promote positive youth development and prevent youth and family problems on a global scale.
|
|
