| 1. |
- Ljung, Margareta, 1945-
(författare)
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Function Based Manning and Aspects of Flexibility
- 2010
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Ingår i: WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs (JoMA). - 1651-436X .- 1654-1642. ; 9:1, s. 121-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the article is to examine the concept of flexibility from a shipping perspective. Flexibility is examined in order to develop strategies, theoretical and applicable, in the field of Function Based Manning (FBM), for achieving optimized manning, which is not the same as reduced manning, with a healthy crew. This is a complex concept in many aspects. Based on research on working life and work organizations conducted by social scientists, two aspects of flexibility are examined; functional flexibility including job enrichment and competence training, and working time flexibility. These issues are analyzed from a shipping perspective. The concept is double-edged in the sense that it entails both having flexibility and being flexible. Does flexibility only serve the interests of the employer? Or, do workers also benefit from flexibility? By combining these two aspects of flexibility, a win-win situation benefiting both employers and employees can be achieved. This article highlights and discusses strategies intended to promote the implementation of amodel of optimized manning.
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| 2. |
- Österman, Cecilia, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Who Cares and Who Pays? : The Stakeholders of Maritime Human Factors
- 2009
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Ingår i: Human Factors in Ship Design & Operation. - London : Royal Institute of Naval Architects. ; , s. 69-76, s. 69-76
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper aims at identifying the key stakeholders in maritime human factors and analyse their interest in, and power to influence the human factors issues. A stakeholder analysis is done and a model displays eight stakeholders from a vessel lifecycle perspective. It is concluded that the interest and the power to influence is much differentiated, largely due to the nature of shipping. An increased public interest in environmental, economic and socio-political sustainability has affected the environmental work in the industry and it is believed that pressure from consumers will lead to increased demands on shipping. It is further concluded that well operated shipping contribute to greater overall efficiency and economy and should offset higher unit freight costs resulting by the use of better maintained and managed ships.
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| 3. |
- Ljung, Margareta, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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Functions, performances and perceptions of work on ships
- 2014
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Ingår i: WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs (JoMA). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1651-436X .- 1654-1642. ; 13:2, s. 231-250
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The demands for greater efficiency and increased profitability in shipping have increased with hardened competition. In recent years major reductions in manning have been made. When the STCW Convention was revised in 1995, this led to changes in terms of the organization of work on board. By using a functional approach, it became possible to handle current demands that all tasks on board are founded on competency-based skills. This article reports the results from an investigation of work functions performed on board ships. The aim was to investigate how these functions are performed today and how marine officers perceived this. Main questions were as follows: How do officers handle the working situation with a reduced crew? Which job functions do they have and how are these performed? How do officers experience the work situation on board? Field studies, involving participant observation and interviews on various types of vessels were conducted and issues were illuminated and analyzed from a socio-technical perspective. The results revealed some specific areas. Reduced crews highlight the need for the right kind of knowledgeable people. Not everyone can be good at everything, maybe not even within their own profession. The predominating issue is about the increased administrative work and the lack of skills development. A continuous professional development should be part of the work and a planned activity. Vessel crews are trying to create flexible solutions for performing the work on board. They are doing this in various ways, depending on the number of the crew, the leadership and the specific vessel culture.
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| 4. |
- Grange, Kristina
(författare)
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Mellan skrå och profession : Om de svenska arkitekt- och ingenjörsutbildningarnas framväxt och hur ett dominerande kunskapsideal har tagit form
- 2010
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Ingår i: FORMakademisk. - 1890-9515. ; 3:2, s. 26-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- I denna artikel kommer utvecklingen från skråväsendets upplösning till de moderna arkitekt- och ingenjörsprofessionernas framväxt i slutet av 1800-talet att tecknas. I fokus för den i huvudsak empiriska framställningen står utvecklingen av det utbildningssystem som än i dag i hög grad bildar utgångspunkt för arkitekters och ingenjörers professionella identiteter. En teoretisk utgångspunkt hämtas från Foucault och föreställningen att makt och vetande förutsätter varandra. Med ett brett angreppssätt identifieras sedan ett antal yttre händelser som har bidragit till att producera ett tekniskt-vetenskapligt kunskapsideal. Detta kunskapsideal finns institutionaliserat i dagens utbildningssystem och fortsätter därigenom att produ-cera fältet av möjliga handlingar för arkitekter i dag.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Ahlborg, Helene, 1980
(författare)
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Changing energy geographies: The political effects of a small-scale electrification project
- 2018
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Ingår i: Geoforum. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-7185. ; 97, s. 268-280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article contributes theoretically and empirically to our understanding about how a transition to ‘modern and sustainable energy for all’ may reconfigure the life of citizens who live ‘outside the grid’ in rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa. My inquiry is inspired by the question posed by James Ferguson and Tania Murray Li: what do development schemes do? I analyse a renewable energy pilot project in Tanzania that was implemented by an NGO, which eventually failed to continue its service delivery but still produced important effects. Conceptually, I build on and extend previous arguments about how development projects produce depoliticizing effects, have ambiguous effects, and reproduce unequal relations of power. Building on feminist and sociotechnical relational approaches to power, I identify when and where in the encounter between energy project and local community that these, and other, effects emerge. Case study data was collected by qualitative methodology, and consists of project documentation, observation, and interviews with actors involved. The study shows how particular material, social, emotional, and economic effects emerged from the encounter between the project and local society. Feedback between technical problems, financial difficulties, and social tensions created a downward spiral resulting in system failure. It had negative effects on the credibility of actors and on trust relations. I argue that asking what decentralized electrification schemes actually ‘do’ can provide insight relevant to energy geography, as the focus on effects reveals the sociotechnical and political relations through which electricity becomes possible and how it may reconfigure local places. The case study shows why and how a small-scale, renewable energy project only temporarily repositioned actors and places, produced ambiguous effects, and maintained unequal power relations.
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| 8. |
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Anatomy of a 21st-century sustainability project: The untold stories
- 2020
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- What does a sustainability project look like in the 21st century? Not the glossy version, but the naked truth? Tired of manicured, over-theorised accounts of the ‘musts’ and ‘shoulds’ of sustainability transitions, we got to the bottom of things; actually, to the very bottom of the project hierarchy: the individual. Our point of departure is that projects are nothing but temporarily interconnected people. This means that if we don’t know what people do and what they think about their work, we will never be able to create a deeper understanding of the project, its rationale and future impact. Making use of the autoethnographic method, this book provides critical insights into what it’s like being part of a 21st-century project. Building on unfiltered first-hand contributions from 73 authors representing the five organs of a project’s anatomy – the brain (theoreticians), the skeleton (leaders), the limbs (strategists), the heart (local stakeholders) and the lungs (researchers) – the book covers all the important aspects of contemporary project-making: (1) projectification as a societal phenomenon; (2) sustainability as the main project buzzword; (3) transdisciplinarity as a hot working method; (4) economy as the invisible project propeller; (5) space as the contextual project qualifier; (6) gender and integration as the obstinate orphans of project-making; (7) trends as the villains of thoughtless project mimicry; (8) politics as the “necessary evil” of projects; and (9) knowledge production as the cornerstone of all project work. The book ends with an extensive critical analysis of what makes a project tick and how to avoid project failure. We infer that talking about project outcomes and impacts is just that… talking. What makes a difference is what can be done to the project in itself. Three important virtues – the ABC of project-making – emanate from this book’s 40 chapters: building good relationships (Affinity), having the guts to make a change (Bravery), and showing willingness to learn (Curiosity). These are the basis for the successful execution of future sustainability projects, where complexity, unpredictability and desperation will become a staple force to recon with. The original contribution of this book is to shed light on the silent triumphs and hidden pathologies of everyday project-making in an effort to elevate individual knowledge to a level of authority for solving the wicked – yet project-infused – problems of our time.
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| 9. |
- Lazoroska, Daniela, et al.
(författare)
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Perceptions of participation and the role of gender for the engagement in solar energy communities in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Energy, Sustainability and Society. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2192-0567. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy communities are emphasized by the EU as important for developing sustainable energy systems that include and engage many people. While many renewables are highly compatible with a more decentralized energy system, research indicates that participation in 'desirable' energy activities and energy decision-making is influenced by social and economic factors, including gender, economic status and home ownership. The overall aim of this article is to contribute to this line of inquiry by exploring how and under which conditions energy communities allow for broader participation in the energy system. This article examines how gender, as a more specific condition, influences the extent to which parties can or cannot engage with collective solar ownership models by means of a qualitative study of 11 solar energy communities and one housing association in Sweden.Results: The study revealed that despite the relative potential for inclusion that they hold, energy communities can raise justice concerns in terms of inequities concerning access, capacity, and opportunity to engage in decision-making.Conclusions: While solely focusing on gender offers a limited view of the dynamics of inclusion and exclusion in renewable energy projects, it is our position that integrating it into the analysis will provide insights into possible measures to remedy limitations and accelerate the renewable energy transition.
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| 10. |
- Viktorelius, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Energy efficiency at sea : An activity theoretical perspective on operational energy efficiency in maritime transport
- 2019
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Ingår i: Energy Research & Social Science. - : Elsevier. - 2214-6296 .- 2214-6326. ; 52, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mitigation of emission from shipping will require improvements in energy efficiency. In order to achieve this, sociotechnical changes are required, affecting all stakeholders within the shipping sector. Ship crews and their everyday work practices will play an especially important role in the transformation of the sector. It is therefore crucial to understand how new energy efficient technologies and practices are being introduced and enacted onboard ships. The case study reported in this paper investigates an attempt to improve the operational energy efficiency in a shipping company that was made by installing an energy monitoring system and introducing an energy saving policy onboard the ships in the fleet. The analytical framework in this paper is inspired by cultural-historical activity theory which is suggested as a novel and useful practice-based approach in energy studies. It is used in analyzing the contradictions and tensions in the work practices onboard the ships that preceded and followed the implementation of the energy monitoring system and energy saving policy. The empirical results revealed how the initial demand for operational energy efficiency and the subsequent introduction of the new monitoring system and policy gave rise to tensions in the existing activity systems onboard which crew members then tried, but did not always manage, to reconcile. It is concluded that a better understanding of the sociotechnical change processes, associated with organizational energy conservation and energy management, can be achieved if the situated paradoxes of practitioners’ everyday practices are examined.
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