| 1. |
- Nyberg, Jonna, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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How does driving license withdrawal affect subjective well-being? A Swedish comparative survey study of visual field loss
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Transport Research Review. - : Springer. - 1867-0717 .- 1866-8887. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research has found strong relationships between access to transport, accessibility of activities, and subjective well-being (SWB), and society is said to be car dependent. Accordingly, this study investigates, in a Swedish context, whether and how withdrawal of a driving license for a private car due to visual field loss (VFL) affects SWB. A web survey was used for statistical comparisons of three respondent groups (n = 436): people with a driving license, people with a driving license and VFL, and people whose driving license was withdrawn due to VFL. The inclusion criterion for all participants was that they should have a diagnosis that could cause VFL. The no-license group had lower overall SWB than did respondents with driving licenses. The no-license group also perceived less access to transport means in order to live a life to be satisfied with than did the other groups. The most used transport means in the no-license group was getting a lift in a car, though this group had a strong desire to drive a car. Few respondents in the license groups wanted to use specific transport means to a greater extent, car driving being the most used transport means. Some inter-group differences were seen regarding how access to activities (measured by frequency of actual trips) affected SWB. This study found a significant negative effect of driving license withdrawal on SWB. However, the results imply that qualitative aspects other than the relationship between the frequencies of trips and activities might also affect SWB, and more research on this subject is needed.
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| 2. |
- Anund, Anna, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Threats and violence towards urban bus drivers in Sweden : Drivers experiences and general recommendations to prevent violence and threats
- 2022
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Ingår i: Work. - : IOS PRESS. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 72:4, s. 1279-1287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Approximately 30% of Swedish urban bus drivers report having been exposed to threats or violence. As 50% of drivers have voiced concerns about the occurrences, threats and violence also represent contributing factors to driver stress and fatigue. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore bus drivers' experience of threats and violence; how threats and violence manifests and how the problem is handled by drivers. Gaining understanding of the circumstances is important to reduce the number of threats and violent incidents to provide healthy and attractive working conditions for drivers. METHODS: This study is based on in-depth interviews with 12 urban bus drivers in the City of Malmö in Sweden. RESULTS: Urban bus drivers experience threats daily from passengers, although physical violence occurs less often. The most common situations resulting in threats involve asking passengers to show valid tickets, denying child carriages onboard and running late to a bus stop. The drivers have not received clear guidelines as to strategic handling of the invalid ticket situation. CONCLUSIONS: Recommendations include a clear policy and consensus with regard to handling invalid tickets, providing drivers with guidelines for appropriate procedures for passengers refusing to pay, improving reporting routines and establishing a strategy for the Public Transportation provider and operator to follow with regard to reports, in-vehicle surveillance cameras including informing passengers that they are being video recorded as well as harmonizing the location of alarm buttons on buses.
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| 3. |
- Gustafsson, Susanne, 1961-
(författare)
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Smadit-metodens nytta och effekter : en uppföljande intervjustudie med misstänkta rattfyllerister
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Misstänkta rattfyllerister som snabbt efter en rattfyllerihändelse fått kontakt med socialtjänst eller beroendevård för hjälp när det gäller missbruk anser att insatsen varit till stor nytta. Metoden att upprätta en kontakt inom 24 timmar används över hela landet för att minska antalet påverkade förare i trafiken. Enligt detta notat har metoden effekt. Smadit – Samverkan mot alkohol och droger i trafiken – kallas metoden som har till syfte att minska antalet påverkade förare på väg och till sjöss och att minska antalet återfall i rattfylleribrott. Samverkan sker mellan framför allt polis, kommuner (socialtjänst) och landsting (beroendevård). Metodens utgångspunkt är att misstänkta rattfyllerister så snabbt som möjligt ska komma i kontakt med socialtjänst eller beroendevård om de vill ha hjälp med att komma till rätta med missbruk eller beroende av alkohol eller droger. I den här studien har tolv personer som haft en rattfyllerihändelse ungefär ett år tidigare intervjuats om sin livssituation idag. Samtliga informanter har genom Smadit-metoden kommit till socialtjänst eller beroendevård och några har också deltagit i rehabiliterande/behandlande kurser eller program i syfte att ändra alkoholmissbruk eller beroende. Smadit kan anses ha stor nytta och en effekt för att minska rattfylleri utifrån följande: • Informanternas uppskattning och tacksamhet för att de fick Smadit-erbjudandet av polisen, eftersom de är osäkra på om de själva skulle ha kontaktat de instanser de behövde för att komma tillrätta med sina alkoholproblem. • Den insikt i alkoholvanor och alkoholkonsumtion som informanterna erhållit i samtal på socialtjänsten eller beroendevården, i samtal med övervakare eller genom deltagande i kurser och rehabiliteringsprogram. • Informanternas förändrade beteende när det gäller att dricka alkohol, där de flesta dricker mycket mindre än tidigare eller helt avstår. • Informanternas förändrade inställning till att det är viktigt att inte köra onykter med anledning av risken att orsaka död eller skada vid en olycka.
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| 4. |
- Martina, Odéen, 1996-, et al.
(författare)
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Säker transport för polis och omhändertagen i polisbil
- 2024
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I detta projekt har vi kunnat identifiera användarnas, det vill säga polisernas, behov och utmaningarsom de upplever under bältningsprocessen och transport av frihetsberövade individer. Sammanfattningsvis visar resultaten från intervjuer, workshops, och enkäter med poliser från Eskilstuna och Halmstad, samt litteratur inom området, att transport av frihetsberövade individer är och har varit ett långvarigt arbetsmiljöproblem i flera decennier, inte bara i Sverige utan äveninternationellt. Trots det har få studier om olika fasthållningsystem och bälteslösningar för att motverka detta problem kunnat hittas. Enligt intervjuerna som gjordes i detta projekt ingår det i Polisutbildningen att träna för att hantera våld som uppstår i baksätet, och att detta ses som en naturlig del av arbetet. Således upplever även poliserna att de varje gång som de transporterar en frihetsberövad person måste göra en riskavvägning, där de antingen tar på sig säkerhetsbälte för att färdas säkert trafiksäkerhetsmässigt, men då riskera att kunna skydda sig sämre mot den frihetsberövade, eller att göra tvärtom, åka obältad men enklare kunna skydda sig själv mot en potentiellt våldsam frihetsberövad. Det finns således starka grunder till varför det är av vikt att ta fram ett koncept som skyddar den medföljande polisen utan att göra avkall på den frihetsberövades säkerhet, vilket är förhoppningen att detta projekt kan bidra med. Av de koncept som arbetats fram under projektets gång, upplevde poliserna att Polykarbonatburen (Koncept 1), Bygeln från taket (Koncept 2) och Omvänt bälte med guide (Koncept 7) hade bäst förutsättningar för att förbättra tryggheten för poliserna och säkerheten för den frihetsberövade utifrån de definierade designkraven (Polisens trygghet, Den frihetsberövades säkerhet, Övervakning, Flexibilitet, Enkelhet att använda). Koncepten är utvärderade i det första steget av flera iterativa steg, och fler iterationer behövs för att kunna användartesta koncepten och i förlängningen utveckla en prototyp. I den här studien har fokus varit på poliser. Men det finns fler tjänstemän, exempelvis tulltjänstemän som också transporterar frihetsberövade personer och som har nytta av konceptet. Tanken är att lösningen ska kunna bidra till säker transport för all personal vars jobb innefattar att transportera frihetsberövade personer.
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| 5. |
- Nyberg, Jonna, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Experienced processes and outcomes of driving license withdrawal due to visual field loss : A Swedish survey study of trust in authorities
- 2023
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. - : Elsevier. - 2590-1982. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Citizen perceptions of justice, regarding both processes and outcomes, are closely related to the perceived legitimacy of the authorities involved and are thus significant for trust. This study investigates how a withdrawn driving license due to visual field loss might affect trust in the authorities involved in withdrawal processes and outcomes: the health-care system, the Swedish Transport Agency, and the judicial system. The factors influencing trust were investigated as was whether the withdrawal experience had changed the trust in other authorities not involved in the withdrawal process. Also, the aetiology of the visual field loss and gender were investigated.A survey study was conducted in which 402 Swedish respondents with visual field loss and a withdrawal experience participated. Variance, regression, and content analyses were conducted. The following conceptual factors were used in understanding trust: Benevolence, Openness, Integrity, Ability, and Value Congruence.The results revealed that processes and outcomes affected the overall trust in all three authorities, although the highest trust was in the health-care system (but still low). Diagnosis, but not gender, was important for the experienced trust. Differences in levels of trust in each authority were related to the aetiology of the diagnosis. Benevolence and Ability were the trust factors most important for overall trust in the health-care system and the Swedish Transport Agency. For some respondents (46%), the negative experiences of the withdrawal had worsened their trust in other, not involved authorities, as well.
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| 6. |
- Rantonen, Osto, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in work disability with mental diagnoses among social workers in Finland and Sweden in 2005-2012
- 2017
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Ingår i: Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences. - : Cambridge University Press. - 2045-7960 .- 2045-7979. ; 26:6, s. 644-654
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social workers report high levels of stress and have an increased risk for hospitalisation with mental diagnoses. However, it is not known whether the risk of work disability with mental diagnoses is higher among social workers compared with other human service professionals. We analysed trends in work disability (sickness absence and disability pension) with mental diagnoses and return to work (RTW) in 2005-2012 among social workers in Finland and Sweden, comparing with such trends in preschool teachers, special education teachers and psychologists.Records of work disability (>14 days) with mental diagnoses (ICD-10 codes F00-F99) from nationwide health registers were linked to two prospective cohort projects: the Finnish Public Sector study, years 2005-2011 and the Insurance Medicine All Sweden database, years 2005-2012. The Finnish sample comprised 4849 employees and the Swedish 119 219 employees covering four occupations: social workers (Finland 1155/Sweden 23 704), preschool teachers (2419/74 785), special education teachers (832/14 004) and psychologists (443/6726). The reference occupations were comparable regarding educational level. Risk of work disability was analysed with negative binomial regression and RTW with Cox proportional hazards.
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| 7. |
- Sjörs Dahlman, Anna, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among public transport workers in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1413. ; 27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Public transportation is an essential societal function in crisis situations like the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Bus drivers and other public transport workers are essential workers that need to keep working despite the risk of contagion. The SARS-CoV-2 virus may pose an occupational health risk to public transport workers and especially to bus drivers as they interact with passengers in a confined area. By analyzing antibodies towards SARS-CoV-2 proteins in blood samples it is possible to measure if an individual has been infected by COVID-19. Here, we report the prevalence of antibodies among bus drivers and other public transport employees in Stockholm, Sweden and relate it to socio-demographic factors.Methods: Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies towards SARS-CoV-2 proteins was investigated in a sample of 262 non-vaccinated public transport workers (182 men and 40 women) recruited between April 26 and May 7, 2021. Most of the participants were bus drivers (n = 222). The relationship between socio-demographic factors and seroprevalence was investigated with logistic regression.Results: The seroprevalence was 50% in the total sample of public transport workers. Among bus drivers, 51% were seropositive compared to 44% seropositive among the other public transport workers. The difference was not significant. The seroprevalence was higher than the national seroprevalence in Sweden during the same period (18.3% in non-vaccinated people aged 20–64 years). The logistic regression model using Wald forward selection showed that men had a higher risk of being seropositive (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.3 – 5.8) and there was a higher risk with increasing number of people in the household (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1 – 1.6).Conclusions: These findings could imply an occupational risk for COVID-19 infection among public transport workers. Infection control measures are warranted during virus epidemics to assure bus drives’ safety and reduce transmission in public transport.
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