| 1. |
- Rånge, Max, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
“Civilizations” and Political-Institutional Paths : A Sequence Analysis of the MaxRange2 Data Set, 1789 – 2013
- 2014
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In what sequences have nations changed institutionally in history and does that order matter for later democratization? If so, are there historical-institutional pathways of “civilizations”? These previously neglected research problems are addressed in this paper on the basis of a new, unique, and enormous data set tracking all political institutions and systems in the world monthly since 1789. The aim is both empirical and theoretical: to take steps toward an understanding of the sequential aspects of political-institutional evolution. Results visualize sequences at regime level that show few signs of path dependency. They also show that democracy may emerge in all types of regimes, though at varying paces. Separating religious-majority nations, Muslim systems are less affected by democracy diffusion than other religious-majority nations. Muslim political systems also exhibit larger regime type unpredictability. Taken together with estimates of GDP per capita, majority religions explain a minor share of discrepancies between regime types: wealth of nations is more important than majority religion on a general, regime type diversity level. However, specifications of institutional details will have to be made in future research in this new area of historical political-institutional study.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Parsa, Amin, 1985-
(författare)
-
Targeting in International Law : Counterinsurgency and the Legal Materiality of the Principle of Distinction
- 2023
-
Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- This book is about how distinctions are drawn between civilians and combatants in modern warfare and how the legal principle of distinction depends on the technical means through which combatants make themselves visibly distinguishable from civilians.The author demonstrates that technologies of visualisation have always been part of the operation of the principle of distinction, arguing that the military uniform sustained the legal categories of civilian and combatant and actively set the boundaries of permissible and prohibited targeting, and so legal and illegal killing. Drawing upon insights from the theory of legal materiality, visual studies, critical fashion studies, and a dozen of military manuals he shows that far from being passive objects of regulation, these technologies help to draw the boundaries of the legitimate target.With its attention to the co-productive relationship between law, technologies of visualisation and legitimation of violence, this book will be relevant to a large community of researchers in international law, international relations, critical military studies, contemporary counterinsurgency operations and the sociology of law. © 2024 Amin Parsa.
|
|
| 4. |
- Stranne, Frida, 1971-
(författare)
-
Putting out fire with gasoline – are lessons learned from the past or will hardline hawks and liberal interventionists continue to lead the future in US Foreign Policy?
- 2016
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the world’s far most important superpower, the U.S. has the leading role in international relations in a foreseeable future, thus exposed to various ‘new’ and complex challenges. But although numerous research point out that the “war on terror” has been counterproductive, namely made the US less safe, created more anti-American sentiment and instability, many influential think-tanks and significant security advisers are now criticizing the present administration for being weak. By using similar arguments as in various historical examples, they urge the administration to take “new threats more seriously” and implement a more engaged foreign policy, including firmer military strategies. Simultaneously, an increasing number of policymakers and high ranked officers are questioning previous strategies and urged for a new policy. By interviewing influential policy makers and following the debate in Washington closely, this paper examine the ongoing political discussion on security matters and explore the dominating discourses regarding future strategies for U.S. to counter new threats. Furthermore it asks what possible outcomes the dominating perspectives might mean for the international security environment in the future. Is there a chance for a future build on diplomacy and off-shore balancing – or will future U.S. strategies (continue to) putt out fires with gasoline?Is there a risk that presented strategies will (continue to) put out fires with gasoline – or will new tactics build a future for peace and stability?
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
