| 1. |
- Hellsten, Sirkku, et al.
(author)
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Editorial
- 2016
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In: Journal of Global Ethics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-9626 .- 1744-9634. ; 12:2, s. 123-126
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 2. |
- Bachmann, Jan, 1978, et al.
(author)
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Between Protection and Stabilization? Addressing the Tensions of Contemporary Western Interventions in Africa: An Introduction
- 2012
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In: African Security. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1939-2206 .- 1939-2214. ; 5:3-4, s. 129-141
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This special issue sets out to analyze—from different epistemological perspectives and based on different case studies—tensions that have arisen in a number of recent security interventions in sub-Saharan Africa. The character of international peace and security missions in the Global South has changed significantly after the end of the Cold War. On the one hand, we witness a greater willingness to engage in order to terminate or prevent violent conflict. This willingness is grounded in a broader understanding of security in which the protection of the population is prioritized over the claim to security of a sovereign state. A state’s sovereignty is increasingly interpreted as entailing a responsibility to protect the citizenry. On the other hand, a broadened international will to intervene in conflicts in the Global South raises a number of controversial questions regarding when and how and on whose behalf to intervene. What should be the projected end state of such liberal interventions? What does a responsibility to protect entail, conceptually and in practice? Who are the principal actors in complex and ambitious missions aimed at creating stability, peace, or (human) security? When should a stabilization mission end? What are the consequences when (short-term) security or humanitarian interests and (long-term) state-building or development interest are all legitimized through a discourse of protecting vulnerable populations? And, perhaps most importantly, what stakes do the actors directly affected by the conflict and the international response have? These are some of the questions the contributors address and analyze in this special issue.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Gelot, Linnéa, 1978-
(author)
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Civilian protection in Africa : How the protection of civilians is being militarized by African policymakers and diplomats
- 2017
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In: Contemporary Security Policy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1352-3260 .- 1743-8764. ; 38:1, s. 161-173
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article explores how the protection of civilians is being militarized by African policymakers and diplomats. I draw on practice approaches to analyze what social groups are doing when they claim to “protect civilians.” I show how innovative protection mechanisms can be seen as a function of officials and diplomats coping with the changing circumstances of increasingly militarized politics in Africa. Specifically, accountability mechanisms for unintended and intended civilian harm by African security operations have originated in connection with this development. I argue that these are results of anchoring practices, which means that everyday informal interactions in one context become linked to another context. I argue that these emerging accountability mechanisms represent a new combination of practices, with the potential of changing the routine activities and mutual learning between policymakers and diplomats.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Verbrugge, Boris, et al.
(author)
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The cyanide revolution : Efficiency gains and exclusion in artisanal- and small-scale gold mining
- 2021
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In: Geoforum. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-7185 .- 1872-9398. ; 126, s. 267-276
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Since its advent at the end of the nineteenth century, cyanide processing facilitated the intensification and global expansion of industrial gold mining. Today, there are important indications that artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is on the verge of a similar cyanide revolution: while ASGM is typically associated with mercury-based processing, mercury amalgamation is increasingly replaced with, or complemented by, cyanidation. Relying on evidence from the Philippines, Indonesia, and Burkina Faso, we demonstrate how this transition is having a deeply transformative impact on ASGM communities. On the one hand, cyanidation produces clear efficiency gains. Together with rising gold prices, it is fueling a dramatic expansion of ASGM by enabling the profitable extraction of lower-grade gold deposits. On the other hand, it contributes to the emergence of new and often highly unequal labor and revenue-sharing arrangements. More broadly, these findings demonstrate the highly uneven impact of socio-technical transformations. Consequently, the growing number of efforts to intervene in the technological make-up of ASGM, usually in the name of efficiency and sustainability, should be wary of having unintended consequences.
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| 7. |
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Africa and International Relations in the 21st Century
- 2012
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Editorial collection (peer-reviewed)abstract
- At the start of the second decade of the 21st Century, Africa is viewed in a much more positive light by analysts, investors, observers and policymakers. China’s recent closer involvement with the continent has set the tone for new forms of engagement between Africa and the rest of the world. The authors discuss the implications for Africa’s future trajectories and how to understand the continent’s position in the international system. Furthermore, they demonstrate how the study of shifts in Africa’s international relations can help explain broader dynamics and the changing foundations of world order.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Lanzano, Cristiano, et al.
(author)
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Who owns the mud? : Valuable leftovers, sociotechnical innovation and changing relations of production in artisanal gold mining (Burkina Faso)
- 2021
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In: Journal of Agrarian Change. - : Wiley. - 1471-0358 .- 1471-0366. ; 21:3, s. 433-458
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The expansion of artisanal gold mining has contributed to agrarian change in most of the global South—including West Africa: the sector offers interesting examples of technological and socio‐economic change, reflecting broader dynamics in the political economy of mining. In this article, we rely on our multisited ethnography to show how innovations in gold processing—particularly, the shift from mercury‐based to cyanide‐based techniques—reconfigured power relations and organizational patterns in the artisanal mining sector in Burkina Faso. We show that, in the context of structural transformations and pressure from powerful actors, the mechanisms of value creation, the definition of property rights and the relations of production remained open for negotiation and redefinition. Bringing attention to new scenarios opened by the shift to cyanide for processing gold—a transformative factor in many gold mining areas across the world—our analysis contributes to a broader reflection on the nexus between the trajectories of sociotechnical innovation and the ongoing power struggles in the informal economies of resource extraction.
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