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- Bremberg, Niklas, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Global Responses to Climate Security : Discourses, Institutions and Actions
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Peacebuilding and Development. - : Sage Publications. - 1542-3166 .- 2165-7440. ; 17:3, s. 341-356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research suggests that International Organizations (IOs) are getting more involved in efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate-related security risks in different parts of the world. However, there is still a limited understanding of how discourse and action on climate security develop and diffuse in and across different institutional settings in various policy fields and geographical contexts. This article aims to contribute to advancing the research agenda by outlining an analytical framework that helps structure comparison across IOs along three key dimensions: (a) discursive framing; (b) institutional design; and (c) policy actions. To illustrate how the framework can be used in empirical analyses the article discusses findings from previous research. This is not only relevant to highlight the framework’s analytical usefulness as it also shows the relevance of these research findings for practitioners and decision-makers engaged in efforts to enhance the role of IOs in global governance of climate security—and across the humanitarian-development-peacebuilding nexus.
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| 2. |
- Sahlin, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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The 'Milky Way' of intermediary organizations : A transnational field of university governance
- 2015
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Ingår i: Policy and politics (Print). - : Policy Press. - 0305-5736 .- 1470-8442. ; 43:3, s. 407-427
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article focuses on transnational intermediary organizations in higher education and research. We conceive of intermediaries as organizations that are actively involved in transnational university governance without having formal access to or control over policy or governmental funding. Such intermediary organizations have in previous research been shown to play central roles in the development and circulation of new themes and ideas for how to manage universities and measure university performance. Intermediaries link different types of actors and act as translators of global themes. In this respect, they are decisive in policy formulation. While the expansion of such transnational intermediaries is well documented in earlier research, we know little about who they are and how they interact. The article is the first to map transnational intermediaries concerned with higher education and research, as well as their linkages with each other. Through an original web-crawling technique, we identify a large number of transnational intermediaries that are actively linked to each other. These intermediaries exhibit a dense and stretched-out pattern with no obvious single center of gravitation. Instead, the field consists of several smaller and clearly distinguished constellations, resembling the structure of the Milky Way. Using these data, we advance two main arguments. First, transnational university intermediaries form an organized field of their own, vouching for their importance for the scaling up of governance networks and the development of collaborative governance arrangements. Second, within this field, there are several clusters where certain intermediaries occupy a more central position in the field than others. In all, this article contributes to the existing literature on governance networks, sketching the consequences of intensified global activities among intermediaries for how new themes and ideas about university management travel and translate, highlighting the significance of intermediary organizations for national university systems and individual universities.
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| 3. |
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Core values and the expeditionary mindset : armed forces in metamorphosis
- 2011. - 1
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is quite some consensus that today’s international security environment has substantially changed following the end of the Cold War in 1989/90 and that this requires the transformation of modern armed forces from conventional ones to something else. This ‘something else’ may indeed be an expeditionary military. The military metamorphosis that is needed seems to be nothing less than a substantial overhaul of the armed forces in various dimensions. One obvious dimension is organizational structure. The second dimension is technology and especially armament technology where weapons and equipment need to be adapted to present-day conflict and combat challenges including a shift in focus of procurement policies. The third dimension rests with the assumption that the given, current security political landscape necessitates a change not only in the military’s organizational format and technological posture, but also in mindset. Changing the conventional military mindset towards one that is focused on expeditionary operations calls into question how such a transformation will influence the core values of the military. The fourth and final dimension is educating and training the soldiers because expeditionary operations call for additional skills and expertise compared to those required for a Cold War military mission.The contributions to this book focus on the mindset and the core values of an expeditionary military and take different avenues to approach these themes. At times, they also reach out into the other dimensions. The book is divided into two parts. The first part covers concepts and conceptual approaches, while the second part contains contributions that basically carry case-study character. The contributors belong to a wide range of academic disciplines, which allows for different avenues and perspectives on our topic, thus enriching our knowledge of the problems involved. The book is of great interest and relevance to academia, military practitioners and political decision-makers.
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| 7. |
- Wanner, Maximilian S.T.
(författare)
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Change in policy regimes for disaster risk reduction in Fiji and Nepal
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. - : Elsevier. - 2212-4209. ; 77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Much of the disaster risk reduction (DRR) scholarship has focused on failures while neglecting positive developments, particularly in developing countries. In part, this bias reflects the adaptation deficit argument, which suggests we should expect the most vulnerable (i.e., developing) countries to struggle with adaptation due to their socio-political characteristics and heavy exposure to natural hazards. Investigating Fiji and Nepal, this study serves as a plausibility probe, examining how unexpected change in national DRR policy regimes was enabled under such adverse circumstances and exploring the appropriateness of theoretical assumptions suggesting aspects that warrant more testing in future. Following an exploratory approach, this qualitative study uses documentary evidence and secondary literature to illuminate how factors such as leadership, diffusion, and ‘focusing events’ enabled change. The study finds that in both cases, large-scale disasters accelerated change; however, Fiji was able to build upon continuity in its political leadership, whereas change in Nepal was contingent on international pressure. The findings bolster the case for the theory of ‘focusing events’, i.e., hazards serving as external shocks opening windows of opportunity, in developing countries. Furthermore, they confirm the importance of continuous commitment and diffusion processes in helping to overcome barriers to adaptation. Thereby, this study refines theoretical assumptions and illustrates the value of studying and learning from success and progress, particularly in the context of developing countries. Finally, the findings of this study underline the need, when analysing the processes of change, to take a closer look at the socio-political contexts – including regime types.
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| 9. |
- Brommesson, Douglas, et al.
(författare)
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Att möta den högre utbildningens utmaningar
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den övergripande fråga som ställs i rapporten är: hur kan universitet och högskolor upprätthålla kvalitet i utbildningen? Undersökningen bärs upp av tre delar där vi studerar 1) om högskolepedagogiska kurser stärker lärare som pedagoger; 2) huruvida det finns incitament för universitetslärare att satsa på pedagogisk verksamhet; samt 3) vilka förutsättningar lektorer ges att inom ramen för sin tjänst fullgöra det pedagogiska uppdraget. I den första delstudien finner vi att pedagogiska kurser haft positiva effekter på deltagarnas upplevda trygghet i lärarrollen. Samtidigt förändras inte kursdeltagarnas grundläggande förhållningssätt till undervisning. I delstudie två finner vi att incitamenten att satsa på det pedagogiska uppdraget är relativt svaga, eftersom sakkunniga i allmänhet lägger liten vikt vid pedagogiska meriter jämfört med vetenskapliga. I den tredje delstudien undersöks balansen mellan forskning och undervisning för lektorer i statsvetenskap. Resultaten visar att skillnaden i undervisningsplikt, liksom kompensationen för likvärdiga undervisningsuppdrag, varierar mycket mellan lärosäten. Förutsättningarna för det pedagogiska uppdraget ser således väldigt olika ut för lektorer beroende på var de är anställda.
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| 10. |
- Erlingsson, Gissur Ó, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Den kommunala självstyrelsen
- 2017
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Ingår i: Att äga framtiden. - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 9789176854204 ; , s. 65-76
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I regeringsformens portalparagraf kan vi läsa att den svenska demokratin förverkligas bland annat genom den kommunala självstyrelsen. Forskare som fördjupat sig i frågan menar dock att den kommunala självstyrelsen i praktiken saknar starkt grundlagsskydd (Petersson 2005: 170; jfr Nergelius 2006: 89f ). Regeringsformen anger nämligen att självstyrelsens utformning ska fastställas av riksdagen genom vanlig lag. Därför får självstyrelsen karaktären av en ”gummibandsprincip” (Petersson 2005); regelverket ger riksdagsmajoriteterna makt att utvidga eller inskränka kommunernas befogenhetssfär efter rådande behov (t.ex. Nergelius 2006; Petersson 2001/2002). Dahlkvist & Strandberg (1999: 290) går härvid så långt som att säga att de svenska kommunerna nog aldrig varit mycket mer än ”lokala verkställare av statlig reformpolitik” (jfr. Nergelius 2006: 288), det som Montin (2004: 36) gett etiketten ”välfärdsstatens förlängda arm”. Med facit i hand hävdar många att denna ordning historiskt sett tjänat Sverige väl. Men från ett principiellt perspektiv kan man fråga sig om detta sätt att reglera den kommunala självstyrelsen är det mest önskvärda. Det är i sammanhanget värt att påminna om att relationen mellan stat och kommun tidvis varit tämligen infekterad. Missnöjet med statens starka grepp över kommunsektorn fick på 1990-talet sitt uttryck genom kommunernas kritik mot förslaget om skattestopp, den mellankommunala skatteutjämningen, att staten inte följde finansieringsprincipen, samt att för mycket detaljreglering förekom. Dessutom visade en studie från 2003 att ledande kommunpolitiker upplevde att det över tid skett en förskjutning av makt från lokal till statlig nivå (Karlsson 2004: 13). Mot denna bakgrund vill vi problematisera den rådande ordningen, samt lyfta fram vad som i sentida debatt beskrivits som hot mot idén om självstyrande kommuner.
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