| 1. |
- Hajjouji Hennius, Samira, 1972-
(författare)
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"Vi kan skriva förargument och sedan motargument" : Om deliberativa samtal i undervisning i svenska som andraspråk på högskolenivå
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the light of the twofold mission of Swedish schools, that is to say enabling pupils to develop both subject knowledge and a democratic attitude, the purpose of this thesis is to investigate to what extent adult higher education students from different language and social backgrounds, studying Swedish as a second language, are able to carry out joint writing assignments with the aid of deliberative discourse, and to what extent they thereby also develop a deliberative attitude. The twofold mission of education applies to them too. While there already exists a certain amount of research into deliberative discourse relating to education in schools, the perspective of higher education didactics in this research is still lacking. The present study is to be viewed as a first contribution to this research.The theoretical starting point of this study includes previous research into deliberative discourse by further developing an existing model regarding criteria for deliberative discourse, for example that there is a striving towards agreement, although the consensus may be temporary, that diverging opinions can be set against each other, that tolerance and respect for views other than one’s own are shown, and that traditional outlooks can be questioned. This model is supplemented by designations for a number of disruptive behaviours, such as ridiculing, ignoring, interrupting people and engaging in private conversations. The thus further developed model will thereafter act as a lens in the analysis of students’ discussions when writing joint texts. Another theoretical starting point is the view of education as communication, and of the possibility of communication creating a third place, thereby developing democracy in the here and now-situation.For this study, comprising 18 hours of observation of nine students, that is to say the discussions of three groups in connection with writing texts on different occasions, various ethnographic data collection methods have been employed, for example video recordings, participant observations, field notes and interviews in conjunction with the discussions.The analysis clarifies that the three groups developed their deliberation as the discussions about the joint assignment proceeded, and that most of the nine students furthermore expressed at least an openness towards a deliberative attitude for further discussions in the future. The disruptive behaviours mentioned in connection with the analytical model that could be identified in the discussions, for example interruptions and private conversations, proved not to constitute real disturbances; on the contrary they actually contributed towards the discussions developing, enabling them to continue. On the other hand, other and not previously identified disturbances occurred, for example a focus on grades, the lack of time and lacking language ability, which all in different ways affected the students’ attitudes towards their work. For any future didactical work on deliberative discourse in Swedish as a second language within higher education, these disturbances would need to be highlighted and made aware of for both teachers and students.Keywords: higher education didactics, communication, deliberative discourse, deliberative attitude, John Dewey, Tomas Englund, heterogeneity, ethnographic data collection methods.
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| 2. |
- Insulander, Eva, 1972-
(författare)
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Tinget, rummet, besökaren : Om meningsskapande på museum
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main purpose of this thesis is to describe and analyse how museum visitors engage with and make meaning from what is being offered to them in terms of the various resources made available in two exhibitions. Yet another purpose is to describe and analyse the design of these exhibitions. The empirical data stems from observational studies at the Museum of National Antiquities in Stockholm, and includes the investigation of two exhibitions: Prehistories I and II. Eight ‘visiting pairs’ were videotaped and the tapes were multimodally transcribed and analysed. Data also includes digital photos and maps produced by the visitors. In a comparative analysis, descriptions of the exhibitions and their analysis and the visitor study are discussed in relation to earlier research and to the issue of learning.A design-oriented and multimodal perspective on learning is used as a theoretical and methodological framework. The different visits are compared and the visitors’ responses are discussed as different forms of engagement. The results are interpreted within an institutional perspective connected to contemporary discourses within museum studies. The exhibitions are considered as an expression of the museums’ ambition to adjust to a pressure for change. Both exhibitions are, in a greater or less degree, considered as examples of ‘new’ exhibitions in that they rhetorically put forward visitors’ participation, cultural rights, post colonial perspectives and immaterial aspects of cultural heritage.The study presents learning as a social and sign-making activity. It stress how meaning-making and learning happens as a transformation in several steps. As visitors engage in different semiotic resources in the exhibitions’ design, they form new signs through their representations – as a ‘re-design’ of the exhibition – which in turn give them new possibilities for making meaning.
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| 3. |
- Svederberg, Eva, 1946-
(författare)
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Tänkande bakom val och användning av livsmedel : faktorer som medverkar till eller utgör hinder för förändring av matvanor
- 1997
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Avhandlingsarbetet fokuserar tänkande och handlande i förhållande till livsmedel som pedagogiska förutsättningar för förståelse av kostbudskap och näringsrekommendationer. Studiens syfte var att undersöka och beskriva hur tidigare erfarenheter framträder i människors tänkande och handlande i förhållande till deras val och användning av fettrika resp. kostfiberrika livsmedel för att belysa faktorer som medverkar till eller utgör hinder för förändring av matvanor i hälsofrämjande riktning. I studien ingick arton metallarbetarfamiljer i Sverige där föräldrarna är födda och uppvuxna i Finland, Kroatien eller Sverige. Den öppna och explorativa datainsamlingen i varje familj bestod av en deltagande observation vid tillagning av en vardagsmiddag och två halvstrukturerade och fokuserade intervjuer, en om fettrika livsmedel och en om kostfiberrika livsmedel. Analysen hade en tolkande och kontextuell karaktär och syftade till beskrivningskategorier för beskrivning av vad som karaktäriserar tänkandet bakom val och användning av livsmedel. I analysen användes även en aspekt av det sociokulturella begreppet habitus, symboliskt kapital. I de familjer som förändrat sina matvanor i enlighet med svenska näringsrekommendationer (SNR), var erfarenheter relaterade till hälsoproblem i familjen företrädesvis avgörande i tänkandet bakom val och användning av livsmedel. I de familjer som inte alls eller endast marginellt förändrat sina matvanor i hälsofrämjande riktning, var erfarenheter relaterade till den sociokulturella bakgrunden företrädesvis avgörande.
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| 4. |
- Bodén, Linnea, 1981-
(författare)
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Present absences : Exploring the posthumanist entanglements of school absenteeism
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the study is to explore how school absenteeism as a material-discursive phenomenon is produced in the practices of humans and nonhumans, when absences and presences are registered and managed through digital technologies. How is the phenomenon of school absenteeism produced when absences and presences are digitally registered? How does the phenomenon of school absenteeism emerge when both human and nonhuman entanglements are included in the apparatuses of knowing?Through a posthumanist approach, the study engages empirically with two types of software for the registration of absences and presences at three Swedish schools. The results show that digital registration blurs the division between absences and presences, and queers what is absent and what is present. Digital registration produces school absenteeism as a phenomenon for all students every day, and at the same time as mainly for the students who are present most of the time. A conclusion that is drawn from the study is that digital registration makes absences present, by the visualization and performative repetition of the registration. The study points to how school absenteeism is always ‘in the making’, and proposes the concept of school absenteeing as a productive way to open up new possibilities in relation to students’ absences.
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| 5. |
- Doyle, Andrew, 1992-
(författare)
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Consolidating concepts of technology education : From rhetoric towards a potential reality
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis focuses on the relationship between international rhetoric and classroom realities in technology education. For some time there has been widespread recognition that the intended goals for learning in the subject area have failed to manifest in enacted practices as envisioned. As the intermediary between rhetoric and reality, the technology teachers and ways of understanding their enacted practices are the focus of this work. The thesis is based on four research articles which adopt theoretical and empirical approaches to investigating the technology teacher as mediator of enacted practice. In Article I, technology education in the Irish national context is investigated through technology teachers’ reflections on enacted practice. In response to a variety of situational- and systemic- factors which impede classroom practice being identified, Article II and III theorise approaches to investigating enacted practice in technology. In acknowledging the epistemological basis of technology as depicted in the extant literature, a reconceptualisation of how to utilise pedagogical content knowledge research in explaining enacted practice is put forward. Article IV returns to the technology teacher in a transnational context, whereby teachers from the Republic of Ireland, Sweden and New Zealand are interviewed in constructing a grounded theory of teachers’ purposes for teaching technology. The contributions of the research are twofold. Firstly, following the identification of evidence to support the existence of rhetoric-reality tensions in technology education, an ecologically situated framework of enacted practice is put forward. The framework acknowledges how subject matter is treated in technology education in striving for more comprehensive ways of investigating enacted practice. Secondly, in taking a preliminary step toward understanding enacted practices, a grounded theory of teachers’ purposes for teaching technology is put forward. This grounded theory offers a unified model for articulating the purposes of teaching technology that prevail in classroom realities today.
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| 6. |
- Jansson, Anders, 1951-
(författare)
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"Nästan som en författare" - multimedialt berättande : Utforskande av lärande om och i berättande med inspiration från Vygotskij
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis builds on an interest in teaching that enables learning for all children, including children with disabilities. The work is founded in a theoretical perspective on teaching and learning and respectively research practices based on Lev S. Vygotsky’s cultural-historical ideas of learning and development as emerging in zone(s) of proximal development. The aim of this thesis is to identify and comprehensively analyze learning processes that emerge while four students (boys), diagnosed with autism, create stories based on a cultural model of narration using multimedia software tools. A second aim is to try out a collaborative research model that enables the study of learning processes in a teaching practice. The thesis is based on a case study designed as a collaborative research project in a small, primary class in a Swedish compulsory school. The researcher and the teacher collaboratively designed and carried out assignments on narration concurrently served as experiments with cultural tools. The total material comprise over 30 hours of videotape and more than 30 digital stories/artefacts. Consequently the analysis is mainly based on video recordings and students’ multimedia stories. Four storytelling projects: Digital puppets, The Knight and the Princess, The Magical Necklace, and a Time Travel to the Middle Age, are analyzed sequentially highlighting changes in the learning and development. Key themes in the analysis are: The emergence and expansion of learning in a playful narrative community; The learning and development emerging in the interplay of explicit conscious narrative structure and everyday experience; The possibilities for creative and imaginative storytelling in different modalities. The discussion highlights narrative processes in the interplay of various cultural tools as a possibility in enabling important aspects of learning and cultural development. A key result is the potential for expansive learning in multi-faceted enabling educational activities. The learning and development emerging in storytelling, the becoming, was highlighted when one of the students expressed himself “almost as a writer”.
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| 7. |
- Rytzler, Johannes, 1976-
(författare)
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Teaching as Attention Formation : A Relational Approach to Teaching and Attention
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of the thesis is to put forth and explore a notion of teaching as a practice of attention formation. Drawing on educational philosophy and the Didaktik/Pädagogik-traditions, teaching is explored as a relational and lived-though practice that can promote, form, and share attention. In the context of teaching, attention is connected to the acts of showing and observing. As such, teaching can be seen as a complex of relations that emerges through the intersection of the intentions of the one who is showing and the one who is observing. This intersection creates a tension between the self-active student and the paths made possible for this self-activity. The pedagogical dimension of this tension can be expressed through the principles of the summons to self-activity and Bildsamkeit. By turning to some key-texts of the French philosopher Jacques Rancière, I explore how the notion of teaching as attention formation can be understood from within a radical relational perspective on education and also how attention itself can be thought of as an educational phenomenon. From this critical relational perspective, where the relation is seen as constitutive of educational situations and where the possibility for uniqueness, difference, and freedom are regarded as central characteristics for a democratic conception (and ethical realization) of education, I interpret Rancière’s notions of intellectual emancipation and partage du sensible as political/aesthetic analogues to the summons to self-activity and Bildsamkeit, respectively. While the event of intellectual emancipation, although constituted relationally, mainly addresses the unique attentive subject, the notion of le partage du sensible draws attention to the larger and shared context in which this event takes place. In the thesis, teaching as attention formation is addressed as a relational phenomenon in which the unique and irreplaceable subject is called into being and is given space to respond to the summons of the surrounding world and to strive against the materiality of that very same world. It is suggested that attention formation might be the educational event when someone, as a unique other, is called into presence and is given room to claim and to speak for his or her interest. It is an event made possible by those teachers who have the sensibility to discover its coming, the courage to let it happen, and the strength to accept the consequences of it.
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| 8. |
- Elfström Pettersson, Katarina, 1959-
(författare)
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Production and Products of Preschool Documentation : Entanglements of children, things, and templates
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objective of the present study is to produce knowledge about how children, things, documents, computers, teachers, templates and other entities take part in and produce documentation in preschool systematic quality development work. The thesis asks questions about how and what is produced as quality in preschool documentation. Through a posthumanist agential realist approach, the study engages empirically in video recordings of preschool documentation practices from one Swedish preschool, and in documentation from four other Swedish preschools.The results, presented in four articles, show that documentation practice is complex and entangled with a variety of entities, human and non-human, and spaces and time. The study shows how children’s participation in production of documentation does not depend on which documentation method is used. In the study, objects such as computers, images and coloured labels, together with teachers’ attitudes and agendas, have an impact on the way that children are involved in producing documentation. The results also show that the products of documentation, intra-acting with a local template, with past and present preschool traditions and policies, produce rather than represent certain elements of quality such as teachers’ actions, children’s interests and thematic work. The thesis produces knowledge about how the focus of preschool documentation shifts away from individual children and towards teachers’ activities, and creates possibilities for what preschool practices and quality may become.
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| 9. |
- Arvidsson, Barbro, 1945-
(författare)
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Group supervision in nursing care : a longitudinal study of psychiatric nurses' experiences and conceptions
- 2000
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Inom hälso- och sjukvården betonas att vården ska ges utifrån ett patientorienterat sätt. Om sjuksköterskor skall kunna ge patienten god omvårdnad, måste de själva ha en god arbetssituation. Det blir allt vanligare att sjuksköterskor i arbetet utsätts för en mängd negativa psykiska påfrestningar, såsom hot och våld, som kan leda till stress. Stress kan också relateras till att sjuksköterskorna i sitt arbete ställs inför komplicerade etiska övervägande. Det är viktigt att få möjligheter att reflektera över vilka etiska principer och ställningstagande arbetet baseras på. En metod som möjliggör reflektion är grupphandledning i omvårdnad. Deltagarna i grupphandledning bör ha samma yrkesbakgrund och ledas av en utbildad handledare, som också har samma yrkesbakgrund, som de som deltager i handledning. I handledning reflekteras över genomförda omvårdnadssituationer utifrån frågor som Vad hände? Vilka etiska aspekter förekommer? Vad kan sjuksköterskan göra annorlunda om det händer igen? Det handlar om att genom reflektion undersöka hur sjuksköterskan agerar, gör bedömningar, tänker och känner i olika omvårdnadssituationer. I detta sammanhang kan hon/han få emotionell och teoretisk återkoppling, ges möjlighet att kritiskt granska och diskutera svåra ställningstaganden samt få alternativa handlingsmöjligheter. Det övergripande syftet med föreliggande studie var att granska och undersöka hur psykiatrisjuksköterskors professionella kompetens över tid förändrades genom grupphandledning i omvårdnad. Tre delstudier genomfördes. Undersökningsgruppen bestod av tolv psykiatrisjuksköterskor, fördelade på två grupper som erhöll handledning i omvårdnad under två år. Inför den första delstudien konstruerades två frågeformulär för att undersöka om deltagarna i grupphandledning upplevde trygghet, tillit och lärande under handledningssammankomsterna. Resultatet från delstudie 1 visar att psykiatrisjuksköterskorna i hög grad upplevde att handledningssammankomsterna karakteriserades av ett humanistiskt synsätt. Deltagarna upplevde stöd, hjälp och att man lyssnade på varandra samt att alla hade en inlevelseförmåga. Efter varje handledningssession skrevs dagbok över vad som hänt. Avsikten med dagboksanteckningarna var att få material som beskrev handledningssituationerna. En allmän kunskapsutvecklande handledningsmodell skapades av de i resultatet framtagna orden och formuleringarna. Handledningsmodellen kan användas vid uppbyggnad och genomförande av handledning och undervisning inom olika yrkesområden för att stimulera till ökad yrkesmässig utveckling. Delstudie 2 och 3 utgjordes av svar från intervjuer med deltagarna efter ett år och två år, under pågående handledning, samt fyra år efter avslutad grupphandledning i omvårdnad. Resultatet visar att psykiatrisjuksköterskorna kände ökad arbetstillfredsställelse. De förvärvade ökad kunskap och kompetens och fick förstärkt säkerhet i omvårdnadssituationer. Vidare uppfattade de att deras självförtroende ökat. Vid fyra årsuppföljningen framkom att psykiatrisjuksköterskornas yrkesidentitet hade förstärkts. De hade integrerat omvårdnadsperspektivet i det dagliga arbetet. Grupphandledning i omvårdnad bidrog till att deltagarna vidmakthöll styrka och hade kraft att fortsätta att arbeta. Psykiatrisjuksköterskorna önskade att grupphandledning i omvårdnad skulle utgöra en integrerad del i deras yrkesverksamhet. Efter avslutad handledning kvarstod känslan av gemenskap bland de som deltagit i handledning. I Sverige är omvårdnadsforskning på frammarsch och ger sjuksköterskor en god möjlighet till uppdatering och att bli mer avancerade och skickliga i sina uppgifter. Presenterade studie visar att grupphandledning i omvårdnad är ett sätt att få ökad medvetenhet om hur omvårdnadsforskningens resultat kan förklaras, tydliggöras och tillämpas. Grupphandledning i omvårdnad bör vara en naturlig del i sjuksköterskeutbildningen.
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| 10. |
- Bergöö, Kerstin, 1942-
(författare)
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Vilket svenskämne? : grundskolans svenskämnen i ett lärarutbildningsperspektiv
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Which Swedish? Swedish as a school subject, from the perspective of teacher training describes how a group of future teachers of years 1 to 7 of the compulsory school relates to various concepts of the subject Swedish through three courses delivered at the School of Education. The study has the aim of firstly analyzing the students’ construction of the subject of Swedish as taught in school, and secondly to analyse teacher education in Swedish from an institutional point of view. The empirical material is made up of policy documents applicable to teacher education, planning documents written by teachers and texts written by students in the course of their studies, as well as three interviews with each student. The theoretical framework is didactic and socio-constructivist. The history of the subject Swedish is dicussed as a struggle for and against a democratic mother tongue education. The students are critical of the lack of integration, between the theoretical and practical elements of the university education, and between faculties and subjects. In the practical work they miss dialogue around the content of the teaching and long-term planning. The picture they give of teaching based on activities, individual factual research and the reading of literature as individual experiences and skills training – they speak of it as ”an old Swedish subject” – means that they have lost the possibility of discussing how the content of a common project can be generated and analysed in their construction of what they call ”a new Swedish subject”. The strength of the Swedish courses lies in exchange of experience and dialogue around the elements of subject theory and analysis of other teachers’ teaching. Its weakness lies in the lack of connection to the students’ own teaching experiences. The work done at the school of education has neglected the students’ need to learn by teaching and discussion of that teaching. This in turn is consistent with the fact that the school of education’s cooperation with teachers at schools has hardly begun. The thesis finally discusses a possible mother tongue subject for early school years which transcends the view of language ability as a skill, a Swedish subject where language development and the school’s dual tasks of promotion of democracy and knowledge are held together.
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