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Sökning: AMNE:(SOCIAL SCIENCES) > Blekinge Tekniska Högskola

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1.
  • Blomqvist, Kerstin, 1953- (författare)
  • Older people in persistent pain : nursing and paramedical staff perceptions and pain management
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Blackwell. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 41:6, s. 575-584
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Persistent pain is a common problem for older people. Knowledge about how nursing and paramedical staff perceive these people and what they do to relieve the pain seems scarce. AIM: To explore nursing and paramedical staff perceptions of older people in persistent pain and their day-to-day management of pain. METHODS: Interviews in Swedish with 52 nursing auxiliaries, Registered Nurses, physiotherapists and occupational therapists were collected from February to May 2000. The analysis was based on their stories (n = 150) about older people in persistent pain who received help in their own homes or in special accommodation. A typology of staff perceptions of pain in older people was developed. Activities to manage pain were examined using content analysis. RESULTS: Respondents perceived the pain as real, exaggerated, trivial, care-related, endured, concealed, self-caused or inarticulate. Older people perceived as exaggerating the pain, those with care-related and self-caused pain evoked frustration in the staff, while those perceived as enduring their pain evoked satisfaction. Various strategies to manage pain were used: no activity, medication, mediating contacts, distracting activities, physical therapies, mobility, work in a gentle way, rest or relieving pressure on body part, and communication concerning pain. The activities differed between the types, as well as between staff with different professional backgrounds. CONCLUSION: Care and treatment provided by staff should be based on older people's needs rather than on staff attitudes and preferences. The typology revealed that staff perceived older people in pain as a heterogeneous group and that their perceptions affected the pain-relieving activities that were offered. It seems urgent to address how to handle pain in older people who never complain and those who complain a great deal, as well as how to handle pain in people with impaired communicative ability. Reflective discussions on feelings related to different individuals are needed.
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2.
  • Borg, Christel, et al. (författare)
  • Life satisfaction among older people (65+) with reduced self-care capacity : the relationship to social, health and financial aspects.
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 15:5, s. 607-18
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at investigating life satisfaction and its relation to living conditions, overall health, self-care capacity, feeling lonely, physical activities and financial resources among people (65+) with reduced self-care capacity. BACKGROUND: Knowledge about factors related to low life satisfaction among older people with reduced self-care capacity is sparse, although this is important in health care and nursing so that the care is adapted to their needs and perspective. Previous research has mainly focused on isolated aspects such as pain in relation to life satisfaction among older people in general and less among so those with reduced self-care capacity in general. DESIGN AND METHOD: A subsample of 522 persons was selected from a randomly selected cross-sectional survey using a modified form of the Older Americans' Resources Schedule and Life Satisfaction Index Z. RESULTS: The mean age in the total sample was 77.9; women (79.5) were significantly older than men (77.0). Low life satisfaction was found among women, as well as those living in special accommodations. Life Satisfaction Index Z was 15.3 (SD 5.6) in the total sample. Gender and living conditions did not explain life satisfaction whilst poor overall self-reported health and poor financial resources in relation to needs had the strongest explanatory value. Also of significant importance were loneliness, the degree of reduced self-care capacity and feeling worried. CONCLUSION: Life satisfaction in older people with reduced self-care capacity is determined by several factors, with social, physical, mental and financial aspects probably interacting with each other; especially feeling lonely, degree of self-care capacity, poor overall health, feeling worried and poor financial resources in relation to needs. These factors need to be considered in the care of these people to preserve or improve their life satisfaction. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Nursing interventions in terms of preventive home visits, rehabilitation, health education directed towards physical, psychological, social and economic aspects of importance may help to preserve or improve life satisfaction for those with reduced self-care capacity.
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3.
  • Haupt, Per, 1968-, et al. (författare)
  • A systematic review of motives for densification in Swedish planning practice
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: IOP Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. ; 588
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • One of the current dominant strategies proposed for sustainable urban development is densification. While some advocate the very reasonable benefits of density, others emphasize the potential drawbacks. The main goal of this paper is to provide a systematic overview of the claimed benefits of densification in Swedish practice and relate this to the scientific evidence. For the systematic overview, comprehensive plans from 59 Swedish municipalities, covering plans from both highly urbanized areas as well as more rural regions, are included. The results show that in three out of four cases where density or densification is mentioned, no motive is given. For the other quarter, the most often used motivation is related to transport (19%), services (17%) and urban environmental qualities (14%). The least frequent motives used are related to health (8%) and ecology (2%). The motives in comprehensive plans are for the most part pointing to a positive impact of density on sustainable urban development (77%), which is not always supported by the empirical evidence that more often describe a negative correlation. Furthermore, many of the most frequently used motives in comprehensive plans have little scientific support, which puts new questions on the research agenda. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
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4.
  • Solberg Søilen, Klaus, 1968- (författare)
  • The shift from Geopolitics to Geoeconomics and the failure of our modern Social Sciences
  • 2010
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Geoeconomics is gradually replacing the importance of Geopolitics. The transition is marked by the start of the process we call Globalization , about two decades old now, but still in its infancy, when government and government institutions discovered that they no longer were self-evident key actors and watchmen of world events . The process is an effect of the end of the Cold War and marks a strategic shift from political ideologies to economic realities.For decades fellow economists have praised the value of public and private borrowing, the production of services at the expense of the production of goods and they have underestimated the importance of trade surpluses for the Competitive Advantage of Nations. They have done so because they have failed to see what makes a nation, a region or a city wealthy in the long run. We have developed a social science paradigm at our universities which have undermined our own development. At the same time we have disregarded much of the tradition for critical thinking, as implied in Critical Theory but more fundamentally as understood for centuriesThe study of all living organisms is now studied with the use of Evolutionary Theory; except for the study of Man. We must start to ask ourselves why. Why should the Social Sciences be any different than Zoology in this respect, unless we say that Man stands outside of biology?
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5.
  • Carlsson, Liesel, 1980-, et al. (författare)
  • How Can Dietitians Leverage Change for Sustainable Food Systems in Canada
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Canadian journal of dietetic practice and research. - : DIETITIANS CANADA. - 2292-9592 .- 1486-3847. ; 80:4, s. 164-171
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: In this paper, we begin to set out language defining sustainablefood systems (SFS) in Canada, through the voices of dietitians, andidentify leverage points where dietitians can affect change.Methods: Dietitians of Canada members were invited to a Delphi Inquiryprocess; questions explored a vision of SFS in Canada, barriers to thatvision, and actions. Results were independently analysed by 2 membersof the research team who used the Framework for Strategic SustainableDevelopment to structure the data.Results: Fifty-eight members participated. The resultant vision describesa future food system in 15 thematic areas of the social and ecologicalsystems. Barriers are described according to how they undermine sustainability.High-leverage actions areas included: (i) facilitating knowledgedevelopment within the profession and public, (ii) influencing organizationalpolicy to support SFS, and (iii) and influencing public policy.Approaches to such action included: (i) facilitating cross-sectoral collaborationand (ii) applying reflexive approaches.Conclusions: This research suggests a multidimensional understandingof food systems sustainability among dietitians. The vision provides somelanguage to describe what dietitians mean by SFS and can be used as acompass point to orient action. Action areas and approaches have thepotential to drive systemic change while avoiding unintendedconsequences.
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6.
  • Chatzipetrou, Panagiota, 1984-, et al. (författare)
  • Approaching the Relative Estimation Concept with Planning Poker
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: CSERC '18 The 7th Computer Science Education Research Conference, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, October 10 - 12, 2018. - New York, NY, USA : ACM Digital Library. - 9781450366243 ; , s. 21-25
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Simulation is a powerful instrument in the education process that can help students experience a reality context and understand complex concepts required to accomplish practitioners’ tasks. The present study aims to investigate the software engineering students’ perception about the usefulness of the Planning Poker technique in relation to their understanding of the relative estimation concept. We conducted a simulation exercise where students first estimated tasks applying the concepts of relative estimation based on the concepts explained in the lecture, and then to estimate tasks applying the Agile Planning Poker technique. To investigate the students’ perception, we used a survey at the end of each exercise. The preliminary results did not show statistical significance on the students’ confidence to estimate relatively the user stories. However, from the students’ comments and feedback, there are indications that students are more confident in using Agile Planning Poker when they are asked to estimate user stories. The study will be replicated in the near future to a different group of students with a different background, to have a better understanding and also identify possible flaws of the exercise.
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7.
  • Nikulina, Varvara, 1987, et al. (författare)
  • Sustainable Transport Futures: Analysis of the Selected Methodologies Supporting the Planning Process towards Achieving Goal 11 Sustainable Cities and Communities
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: World Sustainability Series. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2199-7373 .- 2199-7381. ; , s. 473-488, s. 473-488
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • A quarter of energy-related greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) originate from the transportation sector. Continuously increasing demand for transportation services worldwide is one of the main urban challenges addressed by Sustainable Development Goal 11, target 2. One way to address this issue is to develop an integrated transportation system that can ensure confidence and comfort for the passengers. This will contribute not only to the customers’ experience, but also to operators and authorities through sustainable, cost effective and profitable services. Conversely, the lack of such a system or a poorly managed system prevents the economy and society from realizing its potential. In the transition towards sustainability the planning process of complex systems such as transportation, often requires supportive tools and methods, such as futures methodologies that assist decision making by providing information about possible futures. In today’s rapidly changing environment, forecasting tools do not always provide the expected outcomes since it is difficult to predict all the unexpected events. Therefore, there is a demand for alternative methods that not only grasp the constant changes, but also create additional value (for example, meeting the needs of multisectoral collaboration and creation of common vision). The present article investigates the usefulness of three such methodologies, namely backcasting, foresighting and SymbioCity, for the planning process of the bus park and railway station in Kisumu, Kenya and Centralen in Gothenburg, Sweden. The paper’s contribution is a description of the Kenyan transportation system (which has not been studied in detail before), planning process and pertinent issues related to the stations both in Kisumu and Gothenburg, located in the sharply contrasting contexts of global South and global North respectively. On the basis of field research, interviews and feasibility study of futures methodologies, the paper concludes that backcasting is the most suitable of the methodologies for both places, since it can be applied at a small scale, provides creative solutions and has a high level of integration of stakeholders. Furthermore, the paper examines the application of the futures methodologies in multisectoral urban transitions apart from transportation and draws conclusion on what can be learnt from it.
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8.
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9.
  • Karlsson, Ann-Christin, et al. (författare)
  • An intraoperative caring model – the ’awake’ patient’s need for a genuine caring encounter
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Clinical Nursing Studies. - : Sciedu Press. - 2324-7940 .- 2324-7959. ; 1:4, s. 23-35
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Anaesthesia nursing care during regional anaesthesia is characterized by the encounter between the ‘awake’ patient’s own lifeworld and the nurse anaesthetist’s knowledge in theory and in practice. This study aims to present an intraoperative caring model from the patient’s perspective that will facilitate nurse anaesthetists’ (NA) practice to enhance and support the ‘awake’ patient’s intraoperative well-being during surgery under regional anaesthesia. The model is underpinned by a synthesis based on interviews with patients, a philosophical reflection using Merleau-Ponty’s philosophy, and video recordings from orthopaedic surgeries under regional anaesthesia. The model can be used as a tool to encounter awake patients’ existential needs in the intraoperative situation and to further enlighten NAs about the possible impact of their proximity, interaction and communication behaviour in the delivery of intraoperative nursing care. The model can help NAs to access, understand and learn through lived experiences, thereby deepening their professional caring skills. The model is a way to get research knowledge ready for use by NAs to reflect on what gaps need to be filled between what nurses know (research) and do (practice).
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10.
  • Wilk, Julie, et al. (författare)
  • The perspectives of the urban poor in climate vulnerability assessments : The case of Kota, India
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Urban Climate. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2212-0955. ; 24, s. 633-642
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Kota with a high proportion of slum dwellers and extremely high temperatures is under great demand to assess the vulnerability and adaptive capacity of different groups of its inhabitants to the impacts of climatic variability and change. Participatory workshops with key stakeholders in urban administration undertook a short vulnerability assessment to gauge current climate adaptation awareness and measures and discuss and decide on a numbered of proposed actions. The city has many policies and disaster management plans in place although implementation and enforcement was often found lacking. The actions were mainly about infrastructure and ecosystems with few related to boosting and transforming agent capabilities and institutions. The action plans outlining the frequency and responsible institutions for tree planting and cleaning streams also lacked detail or identification of lead institutions, departments, or people. Although stakeholders highlighted that local knowledge was not sufficiently used to inform good planning and policies, the action plans did not include community representatives in decision-making rather only in the implementation of the proposed actions. Although when the group identified slum populations as especially vulnerable the focus of the assessment shifted but in action plans representatives of this group were not included in any decision making or planning processes. © 2017.
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