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- Jernsand, Eva Maria, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Collaborative PhDs: New approaches, challenges and opportunities
- 2016
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Ingår i: Co-production in action: towards realising just cities. - Göteborg : Mistra Urban Futures. - 9789198069679 ; , s. 74-83
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Collaborative PhDs can be demanding and complex, yet ultimately rewarding. In this chapter we explore some of the issues that can emerge when collaborative PhDs investigate problems in sustainable urban development not only across disciplinary borders, or between academia and practice, but across diverse cultural backgrounds. Challenges include the need to take on multiple roles, and varying preconditions between PhD students from different academic institutions or cultures. We examine how such collaborations are opportunities for widening horizons and understandings, revealing how insights from researchers and practitioners from multiple disciplines and sectors make it possible to achieve a more holistic perspective. The chapter hopes to open up the nature of working in a truly transdisciplinary manner. There is a vital need for scholars to be able to participate in fora like Mistra Urban Futures’ Local Interaction Platforms (LIPs) where they can discuss and exchange experiences with others, both in and outside academia – whether civic officials, community groups or practitioners – who have embraced the concept of collaboration. Those who have contributed their experiences to this chapter are Sigrid Laurel Östlund, Franklin Mwango, Isabel Ordoñez, Frankline Otiende, Dan Silver, Anna Taylor and Joshua Wanga. The interviews were arranged by and the chapter put together by Helena Kraff and Eva Maria Jernsand, with additional editorial inputs from the contributors. The chapter is written as a conversation between four PhD students, one from each of the four LIPs. Interviewees’ names have been changed to anonymise responses.
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- Jernsand, Eva Maria, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Community‐based tourism development - a designerly approach to destination branding
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 22nd Nordic Symposium in Tourism and Hospitality Research: Innovation and value creation in experience‐based tourism, September 24-27, Bodö and Lofoten Islands.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to widen the sometimes too managerial view of place and destination branding into the discipline of design. By using a designerly approach, the concept of capturing and building brand equity is seen as an evolutionary and creative process, open to the involvement of the community. This is in contrast to the tapping of a place’s identity into common values that could apply for any place in the world, and the use of linear processes without taking advantages of the specific conditions for the place. Theoretical perspectives are obtained from two angles: place branding with an emphasis to marketing, and design theory with a participatory approach. In order to exemplify the role of design in a place branding context, the authors’ own experiences of being actively involved in the development process at an ecotourism destination in Kenya are declared. By adopting an open approach and the process of reflection in action, the authors continuously reframed the problem setting, developed and adapted actions throughout in order to suit the specific context. Both practical and theoretical results were obtained. Practical ideas and actions for development were produced, that takes the local needs, prerequisites, and its unique features into consideration. Five main implications for adopting a designerly way into the field of place branding were outlined: connection to context, open process, community participation, idea generation and communication through visualization. The contribution is a better understanding of the benefits of design, as well as an understanding of the importance of the specific context in place branding.
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- Jernsand, Eva Maria, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Democracy in participatory place branding: a critical approach
- 2015
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Ingår i: Critical management studies - 9th International conference: Is there an alternative - management after critique. Leicester 8-10 July.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The traditional perspective on place branding as a managerial tool to promote a place to an external audience has been criticized for serving certain political purposes and social groups whilemarginalizing others. An important aspect of the critique is that residents are neglected as stakeholders even though they are strongly affected by place branding initiatives. Alternative views on what place branding should be about have emerged, which downplay the role of place brand managers and support residents as co-owners and co-creators. A participatory approach can thereby be seen as a way to democratize place branding. This paper supports the view that resident participation is fundamental in place branding, however acknowledges that reaching participatory processes that are ethically and morally sound is extremely complex, and that even the best intentions can result in further marginalization of groups that are meant to be empowered. There is a risk that participation gets hijacked as just another tool to serve particular groups’ interests, where people are involved merely as informants, for educational purposes or for justification of decisions already taken. To avoid participation becoming a managerial tool among others, there is a need to problematize the concept within the place branding discourse and its relation to democracy. Otherwise, there is a risk that place branding will fall under the same critique which has been aimed towards participatory design, architecture, urban planning and development studies. The purpose with this paper is therefore to encourage a critical debate on the meaning of democracy in participatory place branding, as a crucial foundation for a continued discourse. A review of the literature on democracy in relation to participation is made, with emphasis on how it is perceived in marketing, design and related fields. It implies that the democratic aim for place brand managers cannot and should not be to always reach consensus, but to handle conflicting interests and a multitude of interpretations of the place. With strong resident involvement in decision-making and throughout, with fair conditions regarding time spent and allocation of resources, it is possible for place branding to be democratic. This may however be easily formulated on paper but harder to put into practice and calls for an ever present, open and problematizing discussion.
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- Jernsand, Eva Maria, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Value co-cration in tourism experiences
- 2014
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Ingår i: 23rd Nordic Symposium in Tourism and Hospitality Research: Values of tourism, October 1-4, Copenhagen.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The value of tourism from a consumer perspective occurs when the tourist interacts with people, objects, and surroundings before, during and after an experience. However these encounters are not only important for the tourist's value of the experience but it also creates value for the service provider, other tourists, local residents and the destination as a whole. The value occurs in the co-creation, and an understanding of this co-creation of value is a key issue in order to develop theory on tourism experiences. The paper presents an example of how a conceptual grid proposed by Eide and Mossberg (2013) can be used to understand co-creation of value in tourism by referring to a case of destination development in Dunga beach, Kisumu, Kenya. The purpose is to understand different degrees of co-creation in tourism offerings and to give implications for how the grid can be used as a base for developing co-created experiences. The main implications are that the grid visualises the performance of tourism offerings in both a holistic and particular way. By these visualisations it is possible to study and analyse the present state of the tourist offerings as well as to elaborate on movements in the grid to enhance idea generation, which may result in new or improved co-created experiences. Using different types of interactions in the grids reveals for example that the roles of the guides are closely related to and differ depending on the degree of co-creation. In a fully co-created experience, the guides' roles are not only facilitators but as friends on an equal level of knowledge and performance. It also exposes that tourists' interactions with residents are important for mutual understanding, not least in developing countries such as Kenya, where it is seen as important to include local residents in tourism development, from planning to implementation.
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- Kraff, Helena, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Time as an issue of power in development research
- 2016
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Ingår i: Development research conference (DEVRES) 2016: Global visions and local practices, 22-24 August 2016, Stockholm University.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Development research addresses issues such as poverty, gender and knowledge access, with the overarching goal of creating fair living conditions for all humans. Transdisciplinary approaches and north-south collaborations are considered suitable ways to approach these challenges. However, there is a risk that current structures make equal partnerships in such collaborations unobtainable. University systems, research and funding programmes as well as the actual processes are generally to the advantage of Western researchers, whilst local researchers and practitioners participate under unjust circumstances. This paper recognizes time as an issue of power in research and development practice through the aspects of time privilege and time poverty. Different time prerequisites produce inequalities between countries, cultures, funding bodies, researchers, organisations, community groups, but also at household and individual levels. It raises questions of who is given time to take part in projects. Who write proposals, conduct fieldwork, analyse and write up the results, and who may need to chase time in order to be able to take part? A collaborative project between research platforms in Sweden and Kenya constitutes an example of how time related barriers and challenges affect relationships between stakeholders. Time inequalities are explored through fieldwork experiences, interviews, and reflective conversations between researchers, practitioners and other actors. If a transdisciplinary approach to development research is about equal partnerships it cannot be based on vague formulations. What type of support structures, guidelines and ethical standards are needed for creating just time preconditions between participants?
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