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Sökning: AMNE:(SOCIAL SCIENCES Business and economics) > Chalmers tekniska högskola > Lunds universitet

  • Resultat 1-10 av 38
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1.
  • Mukhtar-Landgren, Dalia, et al. (författare)
  • Perceived action spaces for public actors in the development of Mobility as a Service
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: European Transport Research Review. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1867-0717 .- 1866-8887. ; 11:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The public sector is showing increased interest in Mobility as a Service (MaaS), as its introduction and market penetration is proposed to potentially disrupt the personal transport system. However, involved public actors are approaching MaaS very differently. This paper applies a neo-institutional perspective to study the activities of public actors in the ongoing development of MaaS in Finland and Sweden. To this end, it maps what policy instruments public actors are applying to govern the processes and discusses how this might relate to their perceived action spaces and roles. The contribution to the MaaS literature is twofold. Firstly, the analysis shows that public actors are applying a wide range of both hard and soft policy instruments in order to govern the development of MaaS. Secondly, a comparison across Finland and Sweden suggests that the perceived action spaces and the roles taken by public actors on regional and local levels are influenced by the activities of public actors on state-level. The paper concludes that public actors and policy instruments should not be studied in isolation. Rather, perceived action spaces and roles need to be analyzed in a multi-level setting, where processes of enabling and promoting can vary between societal levels, and where the roles of the public sector are negotiated not only between public and private actors, but also between different public actors.
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2.
  • Milne, Richard, et al. (författare)
  • Return of genomic results does not motivate intent to participate in research for all: Perspectives across 22 countries
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Genetics in Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1098-3600 .- 1530-0366. ; 24:5, s. 1120-1129
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine how attitudes toward the return of genomic research results vary internationally. Methods: We analyzed the “Your DNA, Your Say” online survey of public perspectives on genomic data sharing including responses from 36,268 individuals across 22 low-, middle-, and high-income countries, and these were gathered in 15 languages. We analyzed how participants responded when asked whether return of results (RoR) would motivate their decision to donate DNA or health data. We examined variation across the study countries and compared the responses of participants from other countries with those from the United States, which has been the subject of the majority of research on return of genomic results to date. Results: There was substantial variation in the extent to which respondents reported being influenced by RoR. However, only respondents from Russia were more influenced than those from the United States, and respondents from 20 countries had lower odds of being partially or wholly influenced than those from the United States. Conclusion: There is substantial international variation in the extent to which the RoR may motivate people's intent to donate DNA or health data. The United States may not be a clear indicator of global attitudes. Participants’ preferences for return of genomic results globally should be considered.
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3.
  • Xiao, Jing, et al. (författare)
  • Skill-biased acquisitions? Human capital and employee mobility in small technology firms
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Small Business Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-0913 .- 0921-898X. ; 60:3, s. 1219-1247
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between acquisitions and mobility of knowledge workers and managers in small technology companies and how individual skills and capabilities moderate this relationship. Relying on the matched employer–employee data of the Swedish high-tech sectors from 2007 to 2015, we find that acquisitions increase the likelihood of employee departures, mainly in the form of switching to another employer, but that these acquisition effects are weaker for employees with technological competences. By contrast, the acquisition effects are found to be weaker for employees with managerial competences only when acquirers have a strong employee retention motive. When acquirers do not have a strong retention motive, managers, compared to other employees, are more likely to exit the (national) labor market after acquisitions. Our results suggest that the retention motive is a critical condition to explain post-acquisition employee turnover. Both technological and managerial competences are the types of human capital valued by acquirers when they have a strong retention motive.
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4.
  • Huzzard, Tony, 1957, et al. (författare)
  • Being branded by the business school
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: The Corporatization of the Business School: Minerva Meets the Market. - Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2017. : Routledge. - 9781315640594 - 9781138191143 - 9781317277484 ; , s. 128-145
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This chapter focuses on the relatively neglected domain of branding and the academic labour process, in particular in business schools. It is increasingly accepted that brands are not only marketing tools, they also potentially instruct and direct organizational members. In other words, branding is a means by which managers or leaders can exert control in the labour process through targeting employee subjectivities. Employer branding entails the alignment of employees, typically in service occupations, with how they profile themselves outwards to customers. Successful image management and branding tends to interact with identity. Kärreman and Rylander argues that branding activities can more fruitfully be seen as the management of meaning rather than as benign marketing tools. Professional labour in academia is both simultaneously consuming the brand and producing it. Accordingly, much of the performance of academic labour can be understood as branding work, that is, doing things to market the business school or university brand to an external audience.
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5.
  • Sternberg, Henrik, 1978, et al. (författare)
  • Using crowdsourced data to analyze transport crime
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1367-5567 .- 1469-848X. ; 21:2, s. 133-147
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Anecdotal evidence suggests that harsh social conditions in the road haulage industry are having an impact on transport crime. This paper analyses transport crime, and demonstrates how to use a combination of official statistics and crowdsourced data in the process. A hierarchical regression analysis was applied to investigate the relations among different factors in order to predict transport crime threats. A secondary data set on transport crime from the Swedish Police was combined with primary crowdsourced data from volunteer observations of trucks in Sweden from both high-wage and low-wage countries. The findings imply that transportation is more vulnerable to antagonistic threats in geographical areas where the low-wage hauliers operate more frequently. For policymakers and practitioners, these findings provide useful guidance for the planning of security measures. To the authors' knowledge, this paper is the first exploratory study of its kind that uses a combination of official statistics and crowdsourced data.
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6.
  • Lindholm Dahlstrand, Åsa, 1964, et al. (författare)
  • Large firm acquisitions, spin-offs and links in the development of regional clusters of technology-intensive SMEs
  • 2000
  • Ingår i: High-technology Clusters, Networking and Collective Learning in Europe. - : Routledge. - 9781138731608 ; , s. 156-181
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This chapter focuses on technology-related ownership changes between large and small high-technology firms. These include the spin-off of new Small and Medium Sized Enterprise (SME) from large firms, intermediate links between large and small firms, and large firm acquisition of technology-intensive SMEs. The chapter analyses patterns of large firm-small firm linkages, collaboration and ownership changes in the 10 European regions studied by the network. It argues that the entrepreneurial spin-offs concept is subdivided with respect to the latest employer: 'main incubator' or 'spin-off parent'. The chapter describes the interaction between large and small technology-intensive European firms. Empirical evidence from research by members of the Targeted Socio-Economic Research European network will be used to consider the questions. The questions are related to concepts like high-technology regions and industries; local technology-intensive SMEs; and a link between regional high-technology clusters and networks.
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7.
  • Hellsmark, Hans, 1974, et al. (författare)
  • A new dawn for (oil) incumbents within the bioeconomy? Trade-offs and lessons for policy
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4215. ; 145
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper develops a more detailed understanding of when incumbent actors may become the main locomotive driving energy transitions. It also illustrates the trade-offs between policy approaches that actively seek to involve the incumbents in transitions, and policy approaches that pursue transitions without their active involvement. The paper examines state support for the bioeconomy in Sweden and concludes that public investments have been geared towards large-scale, complex and integrated biorefineries that are dependent on the active participation of the forest industry. Incumbents in the forest industry have, however, both lacked motivation and the abilities required to take the necessary steps for commercialisation of the demonstrated concepts. Instead, a rather small investment in a joint venture between actors from the forestry and oil refinery industry in Sweden has spurred learning and revenues; and it has placed an oil refinery at the centre of the future development of what we here term distributed biorefining. The main trade-off is that while this shift has opened up for cross-industrial collaborations and the production of advanced biofuels and materials, it has also paved the way for further investments in existing fossil-fuel infrastructure.
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8.
  • Alsos, Gry, et al. (författare)
  • Graduates of venture creation programs - where do they apply their entrepreneurial competencies?
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Small Business Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-0913 .- 0921-898X. ; 60:1, s. 133-155
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The assessment of entrepreneurship education outcomes should move beyond a focus on firm creation and associated economic impact to consider a more nuanced view that pays attention to graduates and their entrepreneurial competencies. There is currently limited understanding to what extent entrepreneurial competencies developed through entrepreneurship education are applied in graduates' subsequent careers across various occupational roles, either as employees or as self-employed. Our analysis is based on a survey administered to 556 graduates from three Nordic master-level entrepreneurship education programs (1997-2018), all identified as venture creation programs. We find that, to a large extent, entrepreneurial competencies developed through venture creation programs are applied in subsequent careers across multiple occupational roles encompassing self-employment, hybrid entrepreneurship, and intrapreneurship. Entrepreneurship education is relevant not only to new firm creation but also to entrepreneurial positions in established organizations when it comes to graduates' application of entrepreneurial competencies in subsequent careers. Plain English Summary Entrepreneurial competencies developed through entrepreneurship education are applicable to careers other than "start-up entrepreneur." This article examines graduates from three entrepreneurship education programs in Northern Europe where students experienced venture creation as part of the education. Graduates report the extent to which they apply entrepreneurial competencies (AECs) in their subsequent career. The most common career among graduates is self-employed entrepreneur, closely followed by a career as intrapreneur, where graduates apply their entrepreneurial competencies in established organizations. A smaller group of graduates have careers as hybrid entrepreneurs, where they combine paid employment with self-employment. A minority group of graduates have more conventional careers as full-time employees in established companies, where entrepreneurial tasks are not their main activities. The results indicate that venture creation programs provide fertile ground for graduates to engage in a broad spectrum of entrepreneurial careers. From the analysis, we found that a career as an intrapreneur is more similar to a self-employed entrepreneur than to a conventional employee. An implication for entrepreneurship education is that real-life educational experience through venture creation is applicable to entrepreneurial careers beyond start-ups. Additionally, the study provides a first attempt to connect entrepreneurial competencies developed through education with how such competencies are manifested in graduates' subsequent careers, motivating a discursive shift in how policies could spur a more entrepreneurial society that goes beyond a narrow start-up perspective.
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9.
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10.
  • Bach, Hanna, et al. (författare)
  • Implementing maritime battery-electric and hydrogen solutions: A technological innovation systems analysis
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1361-9209. ; 87
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Maritime transport faces increasing pressure to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions to be in accordance with the Paris Agreement. For this to happen, low- and zero-carbon energy solutions need to be developed. In this paper we draw on sustainability transition literature and introduce the technological innovation system (TIS) framework to the field of maritime transportation research. The TIS approach analytically distinguishes between different innovation system functions that are important for new technologies to develop and diffuse beyond an early phase of experimentation. This provides a basis for technology-specific policy recommendations. We apply the TIS framework to the case of battery-electric and hydrogen energy solutions for coastal maritime transport in Norway. Whereas both battery-electric and hydrogen solutions have developed rapidly, the former is more mature and has a strong momentum. Public procurement and other policy instruments have been crucial for developments to date and will be important for these technologies to become viable options for shipping more generally.
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