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Träfflista för sökning "AMNE:(SOCIAL SCIENCES Business and economics) ;lar1:(cth);mspu:(licentiatethesis)"

Sökning: AMNE:(SOCIAL SCIENCES Business and economics) > Chalmers tekniska högskola > Licentiatavhandling

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1.
  • Heathcote-Fumador, Ida Eyi, 1984 (författare)
  • Emergence and Dynamics of Circular Economy Ecosystem
  • 2023
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The circular economy ecosystem (CEE) offers the potential to effectively manage the pressing issue of residual resources, encompassing waste and by-products that pose a challenge to our planet. Among various organizational forms, the ecosystem approach has emerged as the preferred method, fostering cross-industry collaboration to sustainably address residual resources. While business and innovation ecosystems have been extensively studied to understand their emergence, structure, and value proposition, they only provide a partial understanding of how CEEs come into being and manage these resources. Furthermore, CEEs encounter constraints from linear economic practices and environmental conditions. Given the prominent role of digital technologies within CEEs, this study delves into their influence, aiming to uncover their multifaceted impact beyond technical aspects. This thesis sheds light on the distinctive factors driving the emergence of CEEs and how they differ from business and innovation ecosystems. Additionally, it explores the cohesive role played by digital technologies, extending beyond their conventional functions. This exploration is rooted in two case studies, one CEE in Africa and one in Europe. Both cases were selected due to their effective management of residual resources through sustainable approaches, coupled with their incorporation of digital technologies. The findings of this research indicate that CEEs arise as a response to the need for coordinated collective action in the face of linear constraints and the necessity to access interdisciplinary knowledge. The pursuit of interdisciplinary knowledge takes precedence over economic considerations and competition due to the intrinsic motivation to acquire complementary knowledge. In addition, digital technologies act as a unifying force facilitating knowledge appropriation during experimentation, fostering cooperation among stakeholders, rather than promoting competition. This thesis is positioned at the intersection of sustainable transitioning of strategic management and information systems.
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2.
  • Bryngelsson, David, 1981 (författare)
  • On Food Price Implications from Expanded Bioenergy Production
  • 2012
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Bioenergy has been put forward as a solution to energy security and at the same time to climate change. It is, however, dependent on productive agricultural land, which is a limited resource. Introduction of bioenergy on a large scale will thus compete with food production and natural forests for productive land, a competition expected to affect food prices.In this thesis I focus on poverty nourishment issues related to changing food prices and on the mechanisms of land-use competition and how they affect food prices. In the first paper we use two established indicators for poverty and sensitivity to food-price changes, to capture peoples' vulnerability to rising food-prices, in four Sub-Sahara African countries/regions. In contrast to previous studies, we include all food products instead of just one or a few main staples. We found that the vast majority of people are net consumers of food and that the inclusion of more than main staples increases their net position as consumers and thus vulnerability to high food prices. In paper two and three a conceptual and transparent partial equilibrium model of global land-use competition is developed, analyzed and applied. The model is to a large degree analytically explored and price differentials between crops are derived. The model is subjected to a detailed characterization of its mechanisms and parameters in which parameters that are critical to results and conclusions from the model are detected and their impacts depicted. We conclude that the total amount of productive agricultural area is of crucial importance to the price impacts from large-scale introduction of bioenergy. Yields of bioenergy crops are also important since they determine the amount of land required to produce the bioenergy.
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3.
  • af Hällström, Anna, 1987 (författare)
  • If you want to go far, go with others – How using a collaborative project delivery model affects the project network in infrastructure construction projects
  • 2021
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The growth of projects has elicited much interest in the last decades, both in academia and amongst practitioners. The increase in scale and complexity has further brought attention to the particulars of interorganisational collaboration: as projects grow, the relevance and impact of interdependencies between participating organisations rise to the surface. No organisation is an island and so a project becomes an archipelago of interconnected networks. Current literature on interorganisational collaboration focuses on contract and procurement, both important aspects of project management. There is, however, less research pertaining to project realisation and how these changes in interorganisational collaboration shape the project process. A field where this change has been especially noticeable is the infrastructure construction industry, where collaborative project management models have been introduced to reduce adversity and improve project outcomes. These new models necessitate a study of changes these new models bring with them to the conventional ways of work within the field, as they call for new processes and roles in the projects, thus changing how the actors engage with the project network. As such models are based on collaboration, the role of social ties within the project become an especially interesting question. In this work, I expand on the theory pertaining to project networks in the empirical setting of infrastructure projects applying a collaborative project management model, with the aim of examining and gaining a deeper understanding of the collaboration between interorganisational project actors in a collaborative project delivery model. The methods used in this thesis are based in the qualitative research tradition and emphasise interviewing and observation. During this work, 44 interviews were completed in a pre-study and two case projects and observation of both project’s shared office space was carried out. I also analysed project documents and analysed the social network between respondents in the case projects. My results show the importance of social relations as enablers of the realisation of expected benefits of collaborative models. They moreover illustrate the changes necessary for the models to be effective, as well as study how the use of such project models affect the actors’ engagement in the project network.
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4.
  • Altunay, Maria, 1992 (författare)
  • Narratives of energy incumbents - Unravelling perspectives on municipal electric utilities
  • 2022
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The dominant narrative in sustainability transitions studies frames electric utilities as incumbents and “villains” who hinder the diffusion of niche innovations (Johnstone et al., 2017; Turnheim and Sovacool, 2020). This behavior is in line with the conception of incumbent actors as part of the dominant sociotechnical regime (Geels, 2002, 2006a), painting the picture of incumbents with a broad brush and limiting nuance. However, several authors have made attempts to illustrate heterogeneity among incumbents and that some can take on proactive roles in advancing niche innovation (Altunay et al., 2021; Ampe et al., 2021; Apajalahti et al., 2018; Berggren et al., 2015; Stalmokaitė and Hassler, 2020). The purpose of this licentiate thesis is to advance this inquiry by unravelling the narratives of electric utilities as incumbents in energy transitions. Three narratives are explored through a synthesis of two qualitative case studies of Swedish electric utilities’ engagement with solar photovoltaics. The thesis is organized along two core questions: how electric utilities engage with this emerging technology at the level of business models and collaborations, and why they choose to engage in certain ways, investigating internal and external drivers. The findings show that most electric utilities engage with solar photovoltaics through a variety of business models and collaborations, depending on a combination of firm-internal factors (i.e., organizational goals, business logics, and resources) and external factors (i.e., the task environment, the institutional environment, and the industry regime). The study illustrates the need for extending dominant narratives, as it shows that electric utility incumbents can support niche innovations, display niche and regime characteristics simultaneously, and react heterogeneously to similar external pressures. As a result, this thesis contributes to pluralizing incumbencies within sustainability transitions.
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5.
  • Takman, Johanna, 1992 (författare)
  • Reducing greenhouse gas emissions – Examples from the freight transport sector: Essays on economic growth, public policy instruments, and renewable energy.
  • 2021
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The overall aim of this thesis is to improve the understanding of if, and how, we can combat climate change and other non-wanted environmental changes alongside economic development. Paper I address this question by investigating the relationship between CO2 emissions and GDP per capita. Using panel data analysis, an N-shaped relationship is found for lower-middle- and high-income countries, indicating that CO2-emissions increase with economic growth beyond a certain income level. However, no significant relationship is found for upper-middle-income countries. The study also shows that increasing the share of renewable energy is crucial for reducing CO2-emissions. Paper III investigate the performance of European public policy instruments promoting a modal shift of freight transports from road to rail and/or water. Performing a literature review, 93 public policies are identified, whereof ex-post evaluations are found for 20. The evaluated policies are mainly subsidies/grants at national level, or EU-policies. Variation in evaluation methods and performance indicators complicates comparisons of policy performance. However, policies promoting rail are in general more successful than those promoting waterborne transport. Common factors for underachievement include lack of applications, outreach problems, and complicated application processes. Furthermore, broad and general policy targets complicate evaluation as well as fulfilment of objectives. Paper II analyse barriers, opportunities, and potential solutions to renewable energy diffusion, focusing on liquefied biogas for heavy trucks. Interviews with experts and stakeholders in Sweden show that main barriers include financial limits, lacking infrastructure, lacking knowledge, and unstable policy instruments. Yet, several policy instruments already target the barriers to LBG diffusion and given current taxes and subsidies, costs of using LBG trucks are only marginally higher than those for using diesel trucks in Sweden. Thus, continuously evaluating policy performance is important.
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6.
  • Viktorelius, Martin, 1987 (författare)
  • The social organization of energy efficiency in shipping: a practice-based study
  • 2017
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The central research question explored in this study is how energy efficiency is organized onboard large merchant ships. The dominant techno-economical approach within energy research and policy, in general, and shipping research and policy, in particular, is reviewed and criticized as being too limited for understanding the challenges and opportunities related to the organization and management of energy efficiency in shipping companies. The failure, it is suggested, of previous research and policy, is associated with the lack of analysis and attention to how the organization of energy efficiency onboard ships is enacted by crew members acting in particular socio-material contexts. The primary aim of this study was to initiate the development of a practice-theoretical understanding of the organization and management of energy onboard ships. An ethnographic study onboard five ships operated by one of the largest ferry companies in the world was conducted in order to explore the social practices of the work associated with ship operation. Three topics were identified and explored: (i) the non-use of energy performance monitoring technology as a result of misalignments in practice, (ii) the role of situated and embodied knowledge for energy efficient navigation and voyage execution, and (iii) the contradictory structure of energy practice leading to reduced energy efficiency. It is concluded that formal energy management systems are insufficient in developing crew members’ know-how, skill and practice associated with energy efficient ship operation. The findings have implications for policy and energy management within shipping companies, as well as other industries, and for training and education of managers and employees. It is recommended that shipping companies should focus more on local capacity building and collaboration among crew members as a means of improving the energy efficiency of ship operation.
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7.
  • Pushpananthan, Gouthanan, 1989 (författare)
  • The emergence of innovation ecosystems: Exploring the role of the keystone firm
  • 2019
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • During periods of technological change, firms seek new collaborations and sometimes even reach out to competitors in order to obtain new resources and competences. Understanding the collaborations surrounding new technologies has implications for firms pursuing opportunities with new technologies. The notion of ecosystems is increasingly used in literature to address value creation activities involving a network of firms. The purpose of this licentiate thesis is to understand the emergence of new innovation ecosystems. Previous research on ecosystems recognizes “keystone” firm as the anchor that ensure growth and stability in the ecosystem. However, the activities that foreshadow the development of an ecosystem and the role played by a prospective keystone firm in the emergence of an ecosystem is undertheorized. Based on a longitudinal case study of a technology development program at an automotive firm, the findings presented in this licentiate thesis show how the joint venture established by the incumbent firm led to the development of a modular technology. The main findings illustrate how the incumbent automotive firm attracted a network of actors that develop innovative solutions and other complementarities for the technology. The network of actors developing offerings for the modular technology, in turn, facilitated the incumbent firm to position itself as a keystone firm and orchestrate the emergence of a new innovation ecosystem. The thesis contributes to theory by showing how a firm can orchestrate the emergence of an innovation ecosystem and position itself as the keystone firm.
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8.
  • Hulthén, Per, 1974 (författare)
  • Venture capital as a tool for regional development: Exit patterns and long-term consequences
  • 2019
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Venture capital (VC) funded high-tech startups are often cited drivers of economic impact and catalysts of regional growth. Public support of high-tech startups and investments into venture capital has thus been a popular focus for public policy globally in the past decades. This is despite that the long-term, and post-exit, impact of most venture capital funded startups is little known, especially for regional development. To the degree startups have been tracked after exit, there is evidence of startups both growing and disappearing post-exit, with exit route often suggested as an influence of post-exit growth as well as relocation. The purpose of this thesis is thus to investigate the suitability of venture capital for regional development, by studying the long-term and post-exit outcome for venture capital funded startups. This licentiate dissertation builds on four studies on startup exits. The first study, ‘Migration patterns of venture capital funded startups’, explores quantitatively startups exits in five innovative regions: San Francisco Bay Area encompassing Silicon Valley, Colorado, North Carolina, Israel and Sweden. Conclusions are that regional exit patterns are dominated by acquisitions, with ownership of the most valuable startups concentrated to Silicon Valley. In the other four regions, only a small portion of the value of the startups remain owned in their regions. The second study, ‘Growth of Swedish venture capital financed startups after IPO and acquisition - the case for exit-centric policy?’, quantitatively tracks the post-exit growth of venture capital funded startups in Sweden 1992-2010. Conclusions are that post-exit growth is dependent on exit route. Startups which exit by IPO grow faster than acquired startups, and half of the acquired startups are consolidated within a couple of years after exit. The third study, 'Venture capitalist's exit choice: Deciding the fate of successful startups', examines how venture capitalists make exit choices for startups. Conclusions are that venture capitalists alone decide on exit, overriding entrepreneurs if required, with a preference for acquisition exits and a reluctance to take firms public. The final fourth study, ‘Startup exits and the evolution of entrepreneurial ecosystems: Exploring divergent paths’, maps qualitatively the post-exit behavior of entrepreneurs, business angels, venture capitalists and key employees in startups dependent on the financial exit success. Conclusions are that growing entrepreneurial ecosystems require a minimum of profitable exits, and without which entrepreneurial ecosystems will stagnate and depopulate. This thesis increases our understanding the long-term regional economic consequences of using venture capital to accelerate startups. Venture capital accelerate startups in the time period following their initial investment until the exit. At exit, the venture capitalists have a preference of exiting by acquisition, rather than going public, with the most valuable startups acquired by firms in Silicon Valley. Acquired startups have lower post-exit growth than startups going public, and many acquired startups are consolidated post-exit. For regions other than Silicon Valley, the likely outcome is that their most valuable startups will not remain long-term in their ecosystems. Regions using venture capital as a policy tool for regional growth, should consider modifying their policies to account for the startup migration effects and consider supporting alternative funding mechanisms in their entrepreneurial ecosystems.
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9.
  • Shurrab, Hafez, 1987 (författare)
  • Tactical planning in engineer-to-order environments
  • 2019
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Tactical planning is implemented to balance customer demand and supply capacity within a medium-term and to avoid under- and overcapacity. In engineer-to-order (ETO) environments, under- and overcapacity lead firms to incur substantial costs that can easily wipe out profit margins. ETO-oriented markets like the construction and capital goods sectors are massive in terms of investments and have considerable impact on the gross domestic product (GDP) of nations. This makes demand-supply (DS) balancing highly important in ETO contexts. The purpose of the thesis is to expand the knowledge about how tactical planning contributes to balancing customer demand and supply capacity in ETO settings. This purpose departed from accepting that – based on extent literature – such knowledge about tactical planning is rather generic and fragmented, which calls for further research. The results in the thesis are presented from literature studies, two single case studies and a multiple case study. Since DS balancing in principle means dealing with the complexity stemming from demand and supply, the thesis results focus on how tactical planning manages such complexity in ETO environments. A single case study, focusing on tactical-level planning activities, together with a multiple case study, focusing on cross-functional integration, address how informal tactical-level planning processes contribute to DS balancing. Including a single case study, focusing on S&OP as a formal tactical-level planning process, the three studies form the empirical base of a framework that responds to the purpose of the thesis. The framework considers complexity, which is represented by two dimensions including detail and uncertainty. The thesis contributes to practical aspects by providing guidance to tactical-level planners in ETO environments concerning the areas of improvement to consider when configuring and upgrading the planning process to manage complexity. The theoretical contribution of the thesis is concerned with the developed framework that describes the relation between tactical planning, DS balancing, cross-functional integration and complexity in ETO settings.
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10.
  • Gyllenhammar, Daniel, 1994 (författare)
  • Improvements for value creation in public services
  • 2022
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The demands on public services are constantly increasing and the public sector has, over the years, been subject to several management approaches trying to improve it. These new approaches have been criticized lately for an overly emphasis on market forces, specialization, and an intra-organizational focus, resulting in fragmented services and a poor system understanding for both citizens and employees of public organizations. Moreover, the problems faced by today’s society often require collaboration among multiple actors, not speaking in favor of these new approaches that tend to separate professions and functions into silos. To problematize further, the beneficiary of a public service is not always clear, and there are occasions when the wishes of a service user and the society might diverge. Here, value might be perceived to be destroyed for one actor, but created for another. This thesis seeks to increase the understanding of improvements for value creation in public services by investigating the case of the Swedish public service of sick leave. A public service consisting of multiple actors in need of collaboration to succeed in delivering the service. Two research questions (RQ) are used to guide the research. The first is: “How can service user improvements be described and facilitated in public services?” The second is “How is value created and destroyed with service users among actors in public services?” Three papers serve as the foundation for the thesis and answer the RQs. The first paper is a systematic literature review that aims to increase the understanding of customer-related improvements and thereby consolidates knowledge for further use in the thesis, mainly contributing to the first RQ. The second paper goes further into the multi-actor context of public services and investigates how improvements can be facilitated in terms of how to identify, understand, and align improvements, contributing to both the first and second RQs. The third paper regards the perspective of the frontline employees of the public service organizations involved in the sick leave system and how they can improve the aspect of value creation in the public service, mainly contributing to the second RQ. The findings show a complexity of improvements, where mandate to initiate/start an improvement, capabilities to perform the improvement, and the benefits from an improvement could be separated among different actors and dispersed over hierarchical levels and organizational and professional borders. The improvements are also found to be conditioned by a sequence of improvements to realize benefits, contributing to the need for a system understanding to enable improvements in the system. In this context of public services, it is also found that the root cause of the problems the service aims to solve can reside outside of the scope of the public service, leading to only symptomatic treatment of the problem, making it difficult to improving the service per se. It is also found that value can be created at different loci of the system, even with actors that are not typically a part of the public service. To counter these problems, ‘gaps’ in rules and regulations should be addressed. However, this approaches the aspect of standardization, which could also improve the situation, but might also create problematic situations due to the professional context requiring autonomy and risks, decreasing motivation and creativity of the employees. The thesis hereby contributes to the area of public management by infusing it with aspects from change management and quality management to increase the understanding of improvements for value creation in public services.
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