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- Otero, Juana Camacho, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Unravelling the shrimp nets.
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- 'Controversy mapping' can provide insights about issues related to actors, their networking, and governance where the interpretation of science is at stake. In turn, these insights can be useful for advocacy processes, collective problem-solving and decision-making. In order to explore the potential of controversy mapping, a case study was conducted for the North prawn (Pandalus borealis), which was the main subject of a controversy that started in 2014 on the West Coast of Sweden. A temporary stabilization in the controversy was reached in May 2016 when WWF endorsed the Marine Stewardship Council labeling for the also red-listed and red-lighted prawn. We used ‘controversy mapping’ from the scientific humanities, following the methodology suggested by Venturini (2010) and Latour (2012). The method allows to tracing of statements, literatures, and actors involved in a controversy. By assembling these elements, we described the process of the controversy and identify the networks that 'wrestled' over the scientific interpretation of the (same) data on population size for the Swedish West coast shrimp. Using network visualisation and analysis softwares, we map the extent of the actor networks in the controversy, and analyse the roles and influence of different actors. The material gathered was subsequently analysed through a life cycle lens in order to see how the controversy played out in the shrimp’s product chain organization. This shows advocacy actors seeking to enrol the consumption system in order to protect the shrimp, resulting in many reactions from production system actors. Based on the findings, we discuss implications for life cycle thinking and life cycle management of product chains. Among else, we suggest that controversy study can help product chain actors better understand their production and consumption system. This, in turn, may support shared conflict resolution and problem-solving, for example, in product chain roundtables.Latour, Bruno. “Mapping controversies: syllabus 2012 -13.” MediaLab. Science Po. Retrieved from www.medialab-dev.sciences-po.fr October 15, 2015.Venturini, Tommaso. “Diving in magma: How to explore controversies with actor-network theory.” Public understanding of science 19.3 (2010): 258-273
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- Rex, Emma, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Energy efficiency along the value chain – ways of working for increased competitiveness
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report presents a project with the aim to develop methods for large companies on how to work with energy efficiency that stretches along the value chain. By studying organizational conditions and physical effects on energy and climate for six cases in three companies, recommendations are given to businesses and governments on how to work for increased life cycle energy efficiency.The results point to a range of organizational and economic challenges, but also to enablers. Four strategies for progress were identified: A) Find and share the life cycle benefits, B) Enable and encourage understanding and action, C) Get focus and priorities in line, and D) Seek or create a way forward. The study points to the need to be strategic, and to translate this strategy into priorities and operational work. Yet, it must be recognized that life cycle thinking is not the work by one company and there is a call for cross-actor arenas to discuss and develop governance of value chains beyond the act of single companies.
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4. |
- Holgersson, Marcus, 1983
(författare)
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Management av immateriella tillgångar: En litteraturstudie och inriktning för framtida forskning
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- [English abstract follows below.]Svensk sammanfattning:Immateriella tillgångar står idag för en betydande del av företags tillgångar, och hanteringen av dem är en viktig del i företags och andra organisationers arbete med att stärka sin konkurrenskraft. Vinnova och PRV har fått ett regeringsuppdrag att bidra till en förstärkt kunskapsutveckling (forskning) om sambandet mellan immateriella tillgångar, innovation och ekonomisk tillväxt samt nyttjandet av patentinformation som strategiskt verktyg. Denna förstudie syftar till att göra en översikt av befintlig forskning kring hur management av immateriella tillgångar bidrar till olika aktörers konkurrenskraft i en innovationskontext. Målet är att förmedla en övergripande bild av det nuvarande kunskapsläget samt att föreslå områden inom vilka ytterligare forskning behövs. Förstudien behandlar mikro-/organisationsnivån. Fokus ligger på management av immateriella rättigheter och andra sätt att stärka konkurrenskraften relaterad till immateriella tillgångar.Förstudien innehåller tre relaterade delstudier. Den första delstudien innehåller en studie av tidigare litteraturgenomgångar. Den andra delstudien innehåller en genomgång av specialutgåvor (’special issues’) med fokus på management av immateriella tillgångar. Den tredje och sista delstudien gör en strukturerad litteratursökning av en stor mängd artiklar som innehåller relevanta koncept.Resultaten från de olika delstudierna sammanfattas i denna rapport. En relativt enhetlig bild framträder, vilket ligger till grund för förslag till framtida forskning. English abstract:Intellectual resources and properties are of increasing importance for firms and other organizations striving for competitive advantage. Vinnova and PRV have by the Swedish government been commissioned to contribute to improved knowledge development (research) about the link between intellectual properties, innovation, and economic growth, as well as the use of patent information as a strategic tool.The purpose of this pre-study is to make an overview of extant research on how management of intellectual property (IP) contributes to the competitive advantage of various actors within an innovation context. The goal is to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge and to suggest areas for further research. The pre-study covers the micro/organizational level. The focus is on management of IP rights (IPRs) and other means to strengthen the competitiveness related to intellectual property.The pre-study consists of three related sub-studies. The first sub-study includes a review of previous literature studies. The second sub-study consists of a review of special issues focusing on IP management. The third and final sub-study consists of a systematic literature search comprising a large amount of articles focusing on a set of relevant concepts.The results from the different sub-studies are summarized in this report. A relatively uniform view of the current state of knowledge emerges. This leads to a number of suggestions for future research.
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- Holgersson, Marcus, 1983
(författare)
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The management and commercialisation of intellectual property in European universities
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report presents the results of an empirical study that explores intellectual property (IP) management practices among universities in the European Union. The report presents models and processes of IP management and research commercialisation – and their interdependencies. Furthermore, the report identifies four main challenges for IP management, including lack of funding for proof-of-concept work, resource constraints, a broad range of technologies and industries with which technology transfer offices (TTOs) need to work, and a non-existent local industry combined with legitimacy problems when trying to partner internationally. All in all, these challenges typically make IP management in the university setting more difficult than in the private industry setting. The dominant and linear IP management process that focuses primarily on value capture – the appropriation model – is criticised, and interviewees see a need to shift focus to better interact with industry and focus more on value creation and utilisation rather than only on appropriation.
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- Westholm, Lisa, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of existing global financial initiatives and monitoring aspects of carbon sinks in forest ecosystems – The issue of REDD
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objective of this report is to explore the topic of carbon sinks in forest ecosystems, focusing on the issue of REDD. The report covers different angles: i) an overview of existing financial and methodological initiatives that currently invest in preparation and capacity building of potential REDD host countries, but also in REDD pilot projects, ii) the preparedness of potential host countries (Bolivia, Cameroon, Costa Rica and Sri Lanka) to establish baselines and implement a REDD system that contributes to sustainable development, and iii) the funding structure and channels of a major investor country (Norway). The focus of our analysis lies on two REDD-related issues; baseline establishment and sustainable development.
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- Wahtra, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Economic valuation of drinking water quantity and quality: A literature review
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This literature review is a part of the research project Risk-based prioritization of water protection in sustainable spatial planning (WaterPlan), funded by the Swedish research council Formas. The aim of the project is to enable well-informed analyses and prioritization of measures for protecting water sources as a part of future urban development. One key to prioritization is knowledge about the economic values of drinking water quality and quantity. The purpose of the literature review is therefore to map earlier studies of such values, and to use this mapping for (a) evaluating the opportunities to transfer results from earlier studies to a Swedish setting, and (b) learning from earlier experience how potential new primary valuation studies in a Swedish setting could be designed. The literature review allowed some main valuation situations among the studies to be identified. Based on these different situations, the following rough categorization of studies was performed: i. Improvements in water quality/quantity (10 studies) ii. Preservation of water quality/avoiding water quality deterioration (5 studies) iii. Avoiding quantity restrictions/ensuring stable supply (6 studies) iv. WTP to reduce risks to drinking water sources (5 studies) v. Meta and benefit transfer studies (8 studies) vi. National valuation studies (6 studies) The report includes a listing of all identified studies according to this categorization. The results from the literature review indicate that there is a lack of suitable value estimates to allow for benefit transfer to Swedish conditions to evaluate the drinking water service in relevant policy scenarios. It is therefore concluded that new valuation studies might be needed for fulfilling the objectives of the WaterPlan project. One possible approach for carrying out new valuation studies is to follow the demand function approach. This approach is therefore reviewed, but it is found that the approach entails some important weaknesses for the case of Sweden. One important reason is that there is not an actual well-functioning market for drinking water in Sweden. The report therefore also reviews the use of stated preference studies for valuing drinking water quantity and quality. This review indicates experiences that can be helpful in the development of new valuation studies in Sweden which follow the stated preference approach.
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- Sjöstrand, Karin, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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När vattentillgången brister
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Access to good quality water in sufficient quantity is essential for people’s everyday life and for most businesses and economic sectors. However, water scarcity and drought are emerging as some of the most important global risks to society with both short-term and long-term effects on people, ecosystem services, biodiversity and the economic activities that depend on a reliable water supply. This is a global problem, and Sweden is not spared. The low precipitation and high summer temperatures that hit Sweden for three consecutive years between 2016 and 2018, caused a vastly reduced access to water and led to major consequences for the Swedish society. In most Swedish regions, however, there is usually more than enough water to meet the growing needs of society and at the same time maintain a good environmental status even during drought. But to ensure a long-term sustainable water supply, all parties, i.e. households, water-dependent businesses and authorities, need to take measures. Drought and water scarcity are challenges that do not only affect, or can be solved by, the municipal drinking water supply. Each and everyone who uses and is dependent on water, regardless of whether the water is supplied through public or private systems, is part of the problem and should therefore also be part of the solutions. This report provides information and material to help companies contribute to a better water situation in areas with low water availability. The report describes the water usage and water availability in Sweden today and how they are expected to change in the future. Incentives and driving forces for water savings are described as well as methods for identifying inefficient water usage and improvement measures. A review of studies from various countries provides information on challenges as well as good examples of water scarcity mitigation measures in various economic sectors. Examples of decision support methods that can be used to evaluate and prioritize between alternative measures are also described. Finally, potential implementation barriers are discussed and examples of policy instruments which can facilitate implementation of beneficial measures are given.
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- Coria, Jessica, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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The progress of GHG markets : opportunities and risks
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The climate negotiations at the COP15 in December 2009 did not produce a new international treaty with binding emissions commitments but the Copenhagen Accord for dealing with post-2012 climate change. Given the current climate negotiation process it is unlikely that we will see a global climate agreement soon on a global cap between all Convention members participating in a single carbon market. We may be more likely to see a stepwise process moving towards this scenario, most likely involving linkages between different national policy programs when it comes to mitigation as well as offsetting emissions. In such a process countries will offer commitments based on their domestic abilities, preferences and policies, norms and institutions. National and sub-national policies are thus likely to be the de-facto building blocks of nations' abilities to make and fulfill international commitments. However, also with multilateral mitigation programs without binding commitments, carbon markets will be needed as well as international authorities that support measurement, reporting and verification rules and the international registries. Such markets will necessarily be complicated and temporary in a world without an overarching binding agreement. There will be numerous tradeoffs between different kinds of second-best arrangements. The purpose of this report is to build knowledge about the effects of the development of regional and international carbon markets and the auxiliary technology agreements that might be needed. Among the topics we address are: the evolution and integration of carbon markets, the impacts of policy and technology cost uncertainty on the cost of meeting targets through a carbon market mechanism, the effect of banking, price floors and ceilings, institutional constraints and technological change in the further development of carbon markets and their links to other environmental policy instruments, and the potential of REDD-plus to encourage sustainable forest development and climate mitigation.
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