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| 2. |
- Box, Marcus
(författare)
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New Venture, Survival, Growth : Continuance, Termination and Growth of Business Firms and Business Populations in Sweden During the 20th Century
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation focuses on the formation, growth and discontinuance of business populations and firms in Sweden during the 20th century. It addresses some key issues in the domain of economic and social sciences, and in particular entrepreneurship and small business research: if and when firms grow, stagnate and decline, as well as how long firms survive and when they are likely to disband. Previous research has primarily analyzed these questions from a short time frame. Further, an individual or firm-oriented focus is commonly assumed. In that, alternative or complementary explanations to the growth and survival of firms may be disregarded. In contrast to much previous research, this dissertation assumes a micro-to-macro, longitudinal and demographic population approach. The period of investigation is over one hundred years. In addressing the growth and survival of firms, it takes into account the impact of firm-specific structural factors (such as firm age and size), generation (cohort) effects, as well as the influence of macroeconomic, exogenous factors. Further, the relationship between managerial/ownership succession and firm performance is also addressed. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal databases are employed in the dissertation. Its main empirical material consists of unique longitudinal data on new business firms, traced at the firm level from their birth to their termination. More specifically, seven birth cohorts – generations – of approximately 2,200 firms founded in 1899, 1909, 1912, 1921, 1930, 1942 and 1950 are included. The main findings show that ownership/management succession in firms had a quite weak correlation with firm performance and survival. At least at an aggregate level, and with some exceptions, it is debatable if the loss and replacement of owner-managers in small and in larger firms have any observable effects on firm performance. Furthermore, macroeconomic phenomena influence the conditions of individual firms as well as populations/aggregates of businesses. Both the growth and termination of firms and firm populations are found to be related to real economic (environmental) conditions; e.g. favorable macroeconomic conditions implied that firms grew in size. At the same time, under certain circumstances, the influence of structural variables (firm age and size) – as suggested in much previous research – is found to be of importance. As concerns firm growth, as well as firm termination, the economic environment and structural factors interact. These findings challenges individual or firm-level research that mainly focus on personal traits and behaviors in explaining firm success and failure. Other previous assumptions are also challenged when taking a longer time perspective into consideration. For decades, organization and business research have acknowledged a liability of newness and of size for business firms. While this might be true under some conditions, this liability of newness is falsified in the study: the termination behavior of some firm generations did not correspond with these assumptions. Thus, the perspectives and methodology applied in the dissertation complement earlier approaches in entrepreneurship and small business research.
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| 3. |
- Rytkönen, Paulina
(författare)
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Fruits of Capitalism, Modernisation of Chilean Agriculture 1950-2000
- 2004
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The so-called Chilean economic miracle during the 1980s and 1990s connotes not only high-speed economic growth but also a profound structural transformation of the Chilean economy. Most previous research ascribes growth and transformation to the liberalisation of markets and other neo-liberal policy instruments introduced after 1974. Policies, before as well as after 1974, have indeed been important for creating preconditions for growth and transformation. However, in the present study it is argued that by overemphasising the role of polices one may partly disregard the historical process by which capitalist forms of organisation have gained momentum in the productive system as new technologies worked have their way into the agricultural sector. In this study, the dynamics of the transformation of Chilean agriculture are analysed by using the methodological tools offered by the Dahménian theory of Development Blocks. Empirically the study delves into three different sub-sectors (wine, fruit and milk) with the purpose to portray the transformation of both export agriculture and traditional agriculture. The study focused technical renewal as a key part of the modernisation process. The main conclusion of the study is that the modernisation of Chilean agriculture was caused by the transformation pressure emanating from the market. However, the selective institutions that paved the way for the successful entry of capitalism in Chilean agriculture were ironically mainly created under the land reforms during the structuralist and socialist periods of the 1960s and early 1970s.
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| 4. |
- Millak, Jurek
(författare)
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Organisatorisk kompetens : organisatorisk kompetens och inlärning vid IT-satsningar i tre sjukvårdsorganisationer
- 1998
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall purpose of the study is to analyse and to create an understanding of the phenomenon of organisational competence in conjunction with the introduction of information technology (IT) or other competence raising measures where IT plays an important part. Comparative case studies have been chosen as the method and three different organisations have been investigated. The analysis and conclusions are based on a qualitative method inspired by Strauss and Corbin.The contribution to research from this study is as follows:In addition to technical and social competence the concept of awareness is introduced, which relates both of these concepts to the environment. Without awareness or insight into the competence which is required, or where and when it is required, the organisation is unable to utilise its total competence in a suitable manner. Further dimensions, both visible and invisible, are required in order to make a more penetrating analysis of the phenomenon of organisational competence.Two new concepts, core competence and peripheral competence are introduced. Core competence has a direct bearing on the core activity of the organisation. It is established in the study that organisational competence is developed when the investment relates to this core competence.There are a number of dimensions in an organisation which are extremely important if an investment in organisational competence is to succeed. These include cooperation among different employee groups, management support which legitimises the investment and the attitudes of the individual managers and employees. The size of the organisation is also important; it is primarily the small organisations which are successful. The financial circumstances of the organisation are of course important, but to a lesser extent than expected. Investments in organisational competence, as long as they refer to core competences, take place whether or not external financing is available.The study shows clearly that investment in IT should not be regarded as a goal in itself. In the successful investments, it is apparent that IT is only one of the means available and that it should be regarded as an integral part of a greater whole.For organisational learning to take place and for changes in organisational competence to be attained, it is essential that the organisation regards and classifies IT as part of its core competence.
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| 5. |
- Bele, Bolette, et al.
(författare)
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Lokale matprodukter, kundepreferanser og biologisk kulturarv : Oppsummering av en kundeundersøkelse i Gävleborgs län, Sverige og i Trøndelag Fylke, Norge
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denne undersøkelsen er gjennomført innenfor rammen for Interreg-prosjektet «Biologisk kulturarvsom bærekraftig verdiskaper». Prosjektet har fokusert på det potensialet som småskala produsenterhar i å synliggjøre de natur- og kulturverdiene som er koblet denne typen matproduksjon.Forbrukerundersøkelsen som presenteres i denne rapporten ble gjennomført ved to utsalgssteder iSverige og to i Norge. I Sverige foregikk spørreundersøkelsen i Gävleborgs län, ved matfestivalenMoläta i Järvsö og ved setra Svedbovallen like utenfor Järvsö. I Norge ble den samme undersøkelsengjennomført i Trøndelag, ved Eggjenseteren i Snåsa og ved Mathallen Smak og Behag i Oppdal.Undersøkelsen ble gjennomført som en kombinasjon av spørreskjema og oppfølgende intervju. Itillegg er også resultater fra en pilotstudie ved Gregoriemarknaden i Sverige diskutert i rapporten.Forbrukerundersøkelsen fokuserer på fire hovedtemaer: a) hvordan informanten/kunden ser på dennetype bedrifter (företag) og hva de setter pris på ved besøket, b) hva kunden assosierer med det å handleslike lokale matprodukter, c) hvilke naturverdier og biologisk kulturarv de assosierer slike produktermed, d) hvilken bakgrunn kunden/informanten har.Omtrent halvparten av informantene i denne undersøkelsen svarer at de kjenner til selve begrepet«biologisk kulturarv». I og med at koblingen mellom lokale matprodukter og natur- og kulturarv ikkeer tydelig for alle kunder, bør det ligge et potensial i å formidle denne kunnskapen, slik at den kanbidra både til å styrke økonomien og bærekraften til virksomhetene. Resultatene viser også at mangeav kundene verdsetter den opplevelsen det er å besøke slike utsalgssteder. Dette inkluderer blantannet opplevelser knyttet frivillig arbeid (volonärer), drikke kaffe, oppleve spesielle landskap og hakontakt med dyr. Det sosiale samværet ved å besøke matfestivalen, markedet, setra eller det lokaleutsalgsstedet er også noe som påvirker kundenes opplevelse av produktene. Mange avinformantene/kundene i denne undersøkelsen viste seg å ha en indirekte/historisk geografisktilknytning til utsalgsstedet. Resultatene viser derfor at det kan være viktig å henvende seg tilutflyttere, hytteeiere og andre lokale/regionale turister/turistaktører for å danne seg et godtkundegrunnlag både for produktene og opplevelsene som tilbys.Våre resultater viser at salget av lokale matprodukter må anses å være en del av denhelhetsopplevelsen som tilbys. Produktene, til sammen med opplevelsene og aktivitetene må derforsees på som en pakkeløsning som kundene er villige til å betale for. Småskala matprodusenter børderfor sette fokus på helheten og ikke bare fokusere på kvaliteten til matproduktene.
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| 6. |
- Themnér, Anders, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Climate Change and the Risk of Violent Conflicts in Southern Africa
- 2011
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study aims to identify regions in the Zambezi River Basin in Southern Africa that are prone to risk of violent conflicts (collective violence, popular unrest) induced by climatic changes/variability. The Zambezi River is 575 kilometres long and the basin covers eight countries: Zambia, Angola, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Tanzania, Botswana, Mozambique and Namibia. Besides the ecological impact, the study argues that socio-economic and political problems are disproportionately multiplied by climate change/variability. Climate change/variability amplifies stresses on the socio-political fabric because it affects the governance of resources, and hence, is linked to the weakened mitigation and adaptation capacity of societies, that are already facing economic challenges (rising food prices, etc.). Society becomes highly vulnerable to climate induced conflicts when it suffers from poor central leadership, weak institutions and polarized social identities. Taking all these factors into consideration, this study identifies Bulawayo/Matableleland-North in Zimbabwe and the Zambezia Province in Mozambique as the most likely regions to experience climate induced conflicts in the near future. The reasons for arriving at this conclusion are: a) Climate change/variability will have a significant impact on these two regions; due to increasing water scarcity in Bulawayo/Matabeleland-North; and intensified flooding, sea-level rise, and costal erosion in the Zambezia Province. b) Due to climate change/variability, agricultural production in these two regions will become highly volatile, leading to severe food insecurity. c) Both regions are suffering from low quality political governance, having unscrupulous elites, weak institutions, and polarized social identities.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Bali Swain, Ranjula, 1968-
(författare)
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Money With a Mission, Volume 1, Microfinance and Poverty Reduction, by James Copestake, Martin Greely, Susan Johnson, Naila Kabeer, and Anton Simanowitz. Warwickshire, UK: Practical Action, 2006. 272 pp. ISBN-978-1853396144
- 2009
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Ingår i: Feminist Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1354-5701 .- 1466-4372. ; 15:2, s. 103-106
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Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Abbasian, Saeid, et al.
(författare)
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Att överbrygga mellan traditionell industri och upplevelseindustri
- 2010
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Ingår i: Entreprenörskap i regioners tjänst. - Jönköping : EIDI. - 9789197919326 ; , s. 111-130
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Nya näringar utvecklas alltid i ett sammanhang som skapats av befintligt närings- och samhällsliv. I detta kapitel fokuserar vi på hinder och möjligheter inför en omvandling av näringslivet i Gnosjöregionen. Regionen karakteriseras mer än de flesta andra i Sverige av en småskalig tillverkningsindustri. Sysselsättningsgraden totalt sett är en av de högsta i landet, såväl bland män och kvinnor som nya svenskar, invandrarna. I takt med utflyttning av verksamhet och automatisering av tillverkningsprocesser minskar behovet av arbetskraft inom traditionell industri vilket ökar kravet på att utveckla nya kompletterande näringar. Omvandling från tillverkningsintensiv produktion till serviceinriktad upplevelseindustri med turism är för många regioner en viktig utmaning. Upplevelseindustrin förväntas bidra till tillväxt och en mer mångsidig arbetsmarknadsstruktur, särskilt attraktiv för unga människor. Omvandlingen mot en mer diversifierad näringsstruktur försvåras av den kulturella fixeringen vid den tidigare så framgångsrika tillverkningsindustrin. Många anonyma ”röster” menar att jobb och företag inom turism och annan upplevelse-industri inte räknas som ”riktiga” jobb och företag. En omorientering av regionens näringsliv måste drivas inifrån/underifrån för att bli beständig, något som tidigare förändringsförsök vittnar om. Samtidigt behövs inspiration utifrån. Kapitlet avslutas med en exemplifiering av Isaberg, som en väletablerad anläggning för friluftsliv, ett etablisse-mang inom upplevelseindustri, som vill vända snöbrist till en möjlighet att överbrygga säsongsvariationer. Ambitionerna för utvecklingen av Isaberg visar potentialen inom turism och annan upplevelseindustri i strävan efter en alternativ näringslivsstruktur.
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| 10. |
- Abbasian, Saeid, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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The Experience Economy and Creative Industries
- 2011. - 1
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Ingår i: Local Development and Creative Industries. - Visby/Sweden : Gotland University Press. - 9789186343057 ; , s. 33-56
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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