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- Gawell, Malin, 1964-
(författare)
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Social enterprises and their ecosystems in Europe : Country report Sweden
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The interest in social enterprises has increased rapidly during the last decades in Sweden as in many other countries. The use of the concept continues evolving and a commonly agreed definition has yet to emerge— ‘different versions’ provide points of reference for different groups in society as well as in policy initiatives. Even if the concept of social enterprise remains relatively new in the Swedish context, the phenomena referred to as such today have a long history and must be understood in relation to the development and strong position of public welfare structures as well as theircurrent transformation. During the pre-welfare state phase in history, social initiatives predominantly focused on those who experienced social disadvantages in a rather poor society. These types of charity initiatives during late 19th century combined with strong social movements such as the labour movement and democracy movement, highlighting equality and democracy which later characterised the Swedish welfare state. Since late 20th century, services provided by the public sector have increasingly been subject to competition, thus growing the market for private welfare services– including those sold by social enterprises. Policies, procurements and different client choice models have not been limited to certain types of private initiatives. Social enterprises do therefore compete on the same market as non-profit organisations (NPOs) and conventional enterprises.
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- Gawell, Malin, 1964-
(författare)
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Activist Entrepreneurship : Attac'ing Norms and Articulating Disclosive Stories
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation aims to extend entrepreneurship theory to also comprise entrepreneurship in non-profit organizations in civil society. Entrepreneurship is claimed to be highly relevant also to this non-profit setting. Since entrepreneurship theory is highly embedded in an economic discourse and a business setting there is, however, a need to elaborate on the two different frameworks. The analysis of this study is grounded in an empirical study of the entrepreneurial process of Attac Sweden. The study has been conducted with a narrative approach. In this dissertation entrepreneurship theory is re-contextualized in the framework of non-profit organizations. The paradox of profit versus non-profit is elaborated on as well as the dilemmas of opportunities, legitimacy and the bounding of the new organization. The analysis of this study shows that the discussion on opportunities in entrepreneurship theory is highly relevant also in the case of Attac Sweden. However, this study suggests to supplement the discussion on opportunities with a discussion of ‘necessities’ to relate to perceived convictions to engage and to act. This study further shows and elaborates on the close connections between the process by which entrepreneurship becomes and other group formations in society. The organization created through the entrepreneurial process becomes an actor in civil society challenging established practices and norms. However, the entrepreneurial process also reaches beyond the creation of an organization. In this dissertation an alternative framework for entrepreneurship, based on a social process of organizing, is developed. This framework connects the entrepreneurial process to group dynamics as well as to social movements and articulation of disclosing stories in society.
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- Enjolras, Bernard, et al.
(författare)
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Between Coercive and Mimetic Institutional Isomorphism : Social Enterprise and the Universal Scandinavian Welfare State
- 2021. - 1
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Ingår i: Social Enterprise in Western Europe. - New York and London : Routledge. - 9780367151188 - 9780429055140 ; , s. 301-315
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social enterprise (SE) is often depicted as combining entrepreneurial and social dimensions, and as operating between the market and the state. This chapter discusses how the institutional framework shaped by the universalistic Scandinavian welfare state and the recent reforms of its mode of operation inspired by new public management (NPM) influence the opportunity structure for the development of SEs in Scandinavia. It demonstrates, in a highly institutionalised welfare provision system such as the Scandinavian welfare state, and in a context that is simultaneously characterised by the implementation of NPM reforms, SEs risk to be caught between the Charybdis of becoming integrated into the public welfare system and the Scylla of behaving like for-profit actors. In the 1990s, while Sweden and Finland experienced economic downturns which led to major welfare reforms, Norway’s financial situation stabilised.
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- Gawell, Malin, 1964-
(författare)
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Social Enterprises in Sweden : Intertextual Consensus and Hidden Paradoxes
- 2021. - 1
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Ingår i: Social Enterprises in Western Europe. - New York and London : Routledge. - 9780367151188 - 9780429055140 ; , s. 218-234
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of social enterprise, as well as that of social entrepreneurship, were introduced in Sweden in the 1990s and have since then become increasingly common in practice, policy and academy. This chapter is based on many years of research on social enterprise, social entrepreneurship and civil society, as well as work on “mainstream” entrepreneurship, where business logic dominates the field. The chapter starts with a description of Swedish historical trajectory. During the 19th century, poor people’s protests were partly hearkened by an emerging middle class that was influenced by an international humanistic movement. The interest in non-profit social enterprises has also increased recently; this trend is particularly linked to the increased interest in private social-service providers in welfare-policy areas.
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- Gawell, Malin, 1964-
(författare)
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Towards a transdisciplinary approach to entrepreneurship for sustainable development
- 2020. - 1
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Ingår i: Transdisciplinarity For Sustainability. - New York : Routledge. - 9780367189075 - 9780429199127 ; , s. 144-155
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Entrepreneurship is celebrated as a miracle for all sorts of reasons and has increasingly been lauded for its capacity to ‘respond to needs’ or to ‘meet societal challenges’. The experiences from these transdisciplinary entrepreneurship and innovation initiatives reveal a continued need to develop working methods and mobilize resources for this work. The field of entrepreneurship consists of the academic literature as well as a broader discourse to which practitioners, media and policy makers also contribute arguments. Entrepreneurship research stems from the study of specific dynamic activities framed in economic theory. The spread of entrepreneurship into different spheres in society in recent decades is to a large extent characterized by the acclaimed characteristics of phenomena that have been nourished by decades of economic embeddedness. Epistemologically, the field of entrepreneurship can generally be characterized as rather pragmatic. In the field of entrepreneurship and innovation, there has been an obvious response to the call for sustainable development.
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- Gawell, Malin, 1964-
(författare)
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Socialt entreprenörskap för kvinnors rättigheter
- 2017
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Ingår i: YMER. - Stockholm : Svenska sällskapet för antropologi och geografi (SSAG). - 0044-0477. - 9789198215021 ; 136:2016, s. 129-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Persson, Sara
(författare)
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Corporate Hegemony through Sustainability : A Study of Sustainability Standards and CSR Practices as Tools to Demobilise Community Resistance in the Albanian Oil Industry
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Many critical business scholars have disregarded sustainability standards and corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities as mere window dressing, operating as a smokescreen to hide illegitimate corporate practices. Others have pointed to these activities as hegemonic articulations, as a way to strengthen corporate alliances with and dominance over other actors in society. In this study I take an autoethnographic approach and focus on my previous employer, the oil company Bankers Petroleum Ltd. (Bankers) and their operations in Patos-Marinza, an area in south-central Albania where oil extraction facilities and residences lie close to one another. Through the lens of the Gramscian concept of hegemony and Political Discourse Theory, I examine three grievances raised by Patos-Marinza residents and Bankers’ response to these complaints. My analysis shows how community demands, that could otherwise have put pressure on improved corporate practices, were isolated and silenced in the name of sustainability and corporate responsibility. My conclusion is that rather than disregarding compliance to sustainability standards and CSR activities as window dressing, it is important to examine what these do in specific empirical contexts. As sustainability discourses continue to expand in the corporate world, this study highlights the need to critically examine if they foster change away from harmful business models or simply function as legitimising mechanisms that allow corporate power to grow stronger.
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