| 1. |
- Serratos, Luis
(författare)
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Were there long-term economic effects of exposure to Polio Vaccination?: An analysis of migrants to Sweden 1946-2003
- 2019
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recent research showed that exposure to the vaccine against polio in early life had no long-term economic benefits among native Swedes. However, whether this result holds for individuals from other countries remains unexplored. This study explores the relationship between exposure to the vaccine and later-life outcomes, but focuses on individuals who migrated to Sweden (birth cohorts 1946-1971), who constitute a diverse sample in terms of national origin. Using adifferences-in-differences approach and register data from the Swedish Longitudinal Immigrant Database, this study explores if being exposed to the vaccine against polio in the year of birth in the country of origin has any impact on adult income, educational achievement, or days or number of hospitalizations. The results are in line with the previous research in showing that there are no statistically significant effects on adult income, education, or health from exposure to the vaccine against polio, regardless of national origin. Furthermore, no scarring effects of exposure to polio epidemics were found on any of the outcomes, reinforcing the hypothesis that polio did not scar individuals in the same way as other contemporary epidemic diseases did, andthat the lack of scarring could explain the absence of long-term impact from vaccine exposure.
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| 2. |
- Spiro, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Six Policy Ideas for Coping with the COVID-19 Pandemic
- 2020
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- This white paper contains six policy ideas that may help countries in coping with theCOVID-19 pandemic. The paper focuses on policies that can slow down the spread of the disease, better protect high-risk groups and leverage that a large part of the labor force is idle. For each policy idea, we describe the problem it is meant to solve, what may be leveraged to solve it, and a brief analysis of benefits and risks.
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| 3. |
- van den Berg, Gerard, et al.
(författare)
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Mortality and the Business Cycle : Evidence from Individual and Aggregated Data
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Health Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-6296 .- 1879-1646. ; 56, s. 61-70
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There has been much interest recently in the relationship between economic conditions and mortality, with some studies showing that mortality is pro-cyclical, while others find the opposite. Some suggest that the aggregation level of analysis (e.g. individual vs. regional) matters. We use both individual and aggregated data on a sample of 20-64 year-old Swedish men from 1993 to 2007. Our results show that the association between the business cycle and mortality does not depend on the level of analysis: the sign and magnitude of the parameter estimates are similar at the individual level and the aggregate (county) level; both showing pro-cyclical mortality.
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| 4. |
- Calara, Paul Samuel, et al.
(författare)
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The Dynamics of Income-Related Health Inequalities in Australia versus Great Britain
- 2016
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study compares the evolution of income-related health inequality (IRHI) in Australia (2001–2006) and in Great Britain (1999–2004) by exploring patterns of morbidity- and mortality-related health changes across income groups. Using Australian longitudinal data, the change in health inequality is decomposed into those changes related to health changes (income-related health mobility) and income changes (health-related income mobility), and compared with recent results from Great Britain. Absolute IRHI increased for both sexes, indicating greater absolute health inequality in Australia over this period, similar to that seen in Great Britain. The income-related health mobility indicates that this was due to health losses over this period being concentrated in those initially poor who were significantly more likely to die. The health-related income mobility further indicates that those who moved up the income distribution during the period were more likely to be those who were healthy. Australian estimates of mobility measures are similar, if not greater, in magnitude than for Great Britain. While reducing health inequality remains high on the political agenda in Great Britain, it has received less attention in Australia even though the evidence provided here suggests it should receive more attention.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Dackehag, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
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Day-to-Day Living Expenses and Mental Health
- 2016
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We use rich longitudinal survey and register data on Swedish individuals to examine the relationship between financial strain and mental health. Specifically, we consider the longitudinal relationships between payment difficulties and subjective (self-reported anxiety) as well as objective (psychiatric drug use) measures of mental ill-health. Among previously healthy individuals, payment difficulty experiences are strongly associated with self-reported mental ill-health. The association with later psychiatric drug use is weaker and differs by gender. Psychiatric drug users are on the other hand at high risk of later experiencing payment difficulties. This indicates that policy measures regarding the payment difficulties–health nexus ought to prioritize activities improving mental health.
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| 7. |
- Ellegård, Lina Maria, et al.
(författare)
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An App Call a Day Keeps the Patient Away? Substitution of Online and In-Person Doctor Consultations Among Young Adults
- 2021
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The emergence of markets for online physician consultations -- direct-to-consumers telemedicine (DCT) -- is transforming healthcare services in many nations. The convenience of DCT lowers the cost of seeking care, thus potentially increasing demand. Yet, it is not known whether patients consuming online care turn to traditional providers as well. This is one of the first studies to causally assess to which degree online physician consultations substitute for in-person consultations. We exploit the rapid emergence of a DCT market and exogenous changes in patient fees in a fuzzy difference-in-discontinuities analysis of young adults in two Swedish regions. We find evidence in support of partial substitution and an increase in total physician consultations.
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| 8. |
- Heckley, Gawain, et al.
(författare)
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The Health Returns of University Eligibility
- 2020
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper exploits an arbitrary university eligibility rule in Sweden combined with regression discontinuity to estimate the impact of university education on health derived demand for medical care. We find a clear jump in university attendance due to university eligibility of between 10 and 14 percentage points. For females this implies a 30-40% drop in self-harm. For males it coincides with reduced use of prescribed pain killers, implying reduced risky behaviour. Males also observe a 30% increase in mental disorders, almost exclusively related to alcohol. The spillovers of university education on to health for the marginal student are therefore significant.
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| 9. |
- Linder, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescent Mental Health: Impact of Introducing Earlier Compulsory School Grades
- 2023
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The prevalence of mental ill-health is increasing among young people in many developed countries, raising concerns about their well-being. Experts have pointed to several potential contributing factors, including a heightened emphasis on educational achievement and performance evaluation, as well as shifting demands in the high-skilled job market. In this paper, we study the effect of introducing earlier grades in compulsory school on child mental health in Sweden. To do so, we exploit a grading reform in Swedish compulsory schools in which grades were introduced at an earlier age, in 6th grade instead of 8th grade as was previously the case. The reform provides a situation where the age at which children receive their first grade is arbitrary depending on if the child is born before or after the year-end. We show that girls who are exposed to one year earlier grades are more likely to be diagnosed with depression or anxiety by the end of compulsory school, controlling for potential age effects in a difference-in-discontinuities setup. We do not find similar effects among boys. Overall, these results imply that girls’ mental well-being may be particularly responsive to educational assessment through grades at earlier ages.
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| 10. |
- Persson, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Type 1 Diabetes on School Performance in a Dynamic World : New Analysis Exploring Swedish Register Data
- 2016
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper investigates if the effect of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) on school performance has changed over time using national Swedish population register data. The issue is of interest because management and treatment of the disease have improved over the last decades and, furthermore, because of changes in the educational grading system. Despite these changes, data indicate a persistent negative effect of T1DM on compulsory and upper secondary school grades and the results appears similar to earlier findings on cohorts completing school under the previous grading system. Moreover, the results are robust to alternative model specifications and econometric estimation strategies. Whereas access to new treatment technologies and improved diabetes management strategies has reduced the burden of diabetes in daily life, the results from this study indicate that other trends have not implied a reduction, over time, in the impact of T1DM on school performance. This finding indicates that continued efforts are needed to improve the situation in school for children with T1DM to prevent potential long-term socioeconomic consequences.
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