| 1. |
- Bengtsson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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The Late Emergence of the Socioeconomic Gradient in Adult Mortality: An Urban Phenomenon?
- 2024
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Ingår i: Urban Lives. An Industrial City and Its People During the Twentieth Century. - 9780197761090 - 9780197761113 - 9780197761120 ; , s. 281-306
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has shown that class differences in adult mortality in the study area emerged only in the mid-twentieth century. Such findings question a universal association between socioeconomic status and mortality. This chapter examines whether these class differences in adult mortality emerged at the same time in urban as in rural areas. The analysis shows that the social class gradient in mortality was more pronounced in the urban than in the rural area, and hence that it was primarily an urban phenomenon. The urban mortality penalty in the study area lasted considerably longer than has been found for Sweden as a whole, but presumably with changing explanations over time. In the early twentieth century, the higher urban mortality was probably connected to poor living conditions in the city, while in the late twentieth century it was likely more related to differences in lifestyle and possibly work-related stress.
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| 2. |
- Brea-Martinez, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
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Economic Inequality and Social Mobility
- 2024
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Ingår i: Urban Lives. An Industrial City and Its People During the Twentieth Century. - 9780197761090 - 9780197761113 - 9780197761120 ; , s. 82-114
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter analyzes the long-term development of income inequality and social mobility. During the twentieth century Landskrona experienced a dramatic socioeconomic transformation that shaped economic inequality and social mobility. There were three main phases in the development of socioeconomic disparities, which reflect development at the national level. The first phase (1905–1930) saw high and fluctuating levels of economic inequality resulting from economic fluctuations relating to industrialization. During the second phase (1930–1969), inequality declined, following national development in terms of social and economic policy. During the last phase (1970–2015), Landskrona experienced economic crisis and deindustrialization marked by an increase in unemployment and a negative migratory balance. When the whole country was affected by new economic policies and a financial crisis in the early 1990s, inequality started to increase steadily until the 2010s, when it reached the same level as before World War II.
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| 3. |
- Dribe, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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The Industrial City and Its People: Summary and Conclusion
- 2024
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Ingår i: Urban Lives. An Industrial City and Its People During the Twentieth Century. - 9780197761090 - 9780197761113 - 9780197761120 ; , s. 339-352
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter presents and discusses the main findings and conclusions of the volume and puts them into a broader perspective. Taken together, the different chapters contribute to closing the gap between historical studies based on parish records and contemporary research based on full-count registers or detailed surveys. The volume thereby fleshes out the narrative of twentieth-century demographic, social, and economic history by focusing on the individual level. This approach has rarely been taken in previous research over such a long period of time due to lack of high-quality micro-level data. The findings demonstrate how the behavior of individuals and families was conditioned by the larger societal transformations of the twentieth century; transformations broadly associated with industrialization, post-industrialization, and the emergence and culmination of the welfare state. The rise and fall of the industrial city had far-reaching effects on some patterns of behavior while leaving few traces in others.
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| 4. |
- Dribe, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Is it who you are or where you live? Community effects on net fertility at the onset of fertility decline: A multilevel analysis using Swedish micro-census data
- 2015
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Ingår i: Population Space and Place. - : Wiley. - 1544-8452 .- 1544-8444. ; online: 15 Oct 2015
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper studies contextual effects on fertility at the onset of fertility decline in Sweden. We argue that the community exerts an influence on fertility when individuals belonging to a certain community are more similar to one another (within-area) in their reproductive behaviour than individuals living in another community (between-area). Our hypotheses are that community had a strong influence in the past but that it decreased over time as more individualistic values grew in importance. We expect that the community exerted a greater impact in the low socioeconomic groups as the elite were less constrained by proximity and, therefore, more exposed to new ideas crossing community borders. Using micro-census data from 1880, 1890, and 1900, we use multilevel analysis to estimate measures of intra-class correlation within areas. We measure net fertility by the number of own children under five living in the household to currently married women with their spouses present. Parish is used as proxy for community. Our results indicate that despite average differences in fertility across parishes, the correlation between individuals belonging to the same community is less than 2.5%, that is, only a negligible share of the number of children observed is attributable to true community effects. Contrary to our expectation, we do not find any substantial change over time. However, as expected, community has a greater impact in the low socioeconomic groups. Our findings suggest that it is who you are rather than where you live which explains fertility behaviour during the initial stages of the transition
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| 5. |
- Dribe, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of Parental Loss on Social Mobility in Early Twentieth-Century Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Demography. - : Duke University Press. - 0070-3370 .- 1533-7790. ; 59:3, s. 1093-1115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parents are assumed to play a crucial role in the socioeconomic attainment of children. Through investments of both time and resources, they promote the ability, human capital, networks, and motivation of their children to advance socially, or at least to maintain their social position. Consequently, losing a parent in childhood could be detrimental to adult socioeconomic outcomes. We use full-count linked census data and a comprehensive death register to study the effect of parental loss on socioeconomic outcomes in adulthood in Sweden during the first half of the twentieth century. We employ sibling fixed-effects models and the Spanish flu as an exogenous mortality shock to assess the importance of endogeneity bias in associations between parental loss and socioeconomic outcomes. Maternal death led to worse socioeconomic outcomes in adulthood in terms of occupational and class attainment, as well as for social mobility. The effects seem to be causal but the magnitudes were small. For paternal death, we find no consistent pattern, and in most models there was no effect on sons’ socioeconomic outcomes. The patterns were similar for sons and daughters and do not support the theory that parental loss had important negative effects on socioeconomic outcomes in adulthood.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Bengtsson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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Social Class and Excess Mortality in Sweden During the 1918 Influenza Pandemic
- 2018
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Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 187:12, s. 2568-2576
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is no consensus in the literature about the role of socioeconomic factors on influenza mortality during the 1918 pandemic. While some scholars have found that social factors were important, others have not. In this study, we analyzed differences in excess mortality by social class in Sweden during the 1918 pandemic. We analyzed individual-level mortality of the entire population aged 30–59, by combining information from death records with census data on occupation. Social class was measured by an occupation-based class scheme. Excess mortality during the pandemic was measured as mortality relative to the same month the year before. Social class differences in mortality were modeled using a complementary log-log model, adjusting for potential confounding at the family, the residential (urban/rural) and the county levels. Our findings indicated notable class differences in excess mortality but no perfect class gradient. Class differences were somewhat larger for men than for women.
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| 8. |
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Living Standards in the Past. New Perspectives on Well-Being in Asia and Europe
- 2005
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main concern of this book is to determine when the gap in living standards between the East and the West emerged. Why did Europe experience industrialization and modern economic growth before China, India, or Japan? This is one of the most fundamental questions in Economic history and one that has provoked intense debate. The established view, dating back to Adam Smith, is that the gap emerged long before the industrial revolution.
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| 9. |
- Lindgård, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Nordic Europe
- 2017
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Ingår i: Alkali-aggregate reaction in concrete. - : Taylor & Francis. - 9781315708959 - 9781138027565 ; , s. 277-320, s. 185-211
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Dribe, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Educational Homogamy and Gender-Specific Earnings: Sweden, 1990-2009
- 2013
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Ingår i: Demography. - : Springer Verlag (Germany). - 0070-3370 .- 1533-7790. ; 50:4, s. 1197-1216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several studies have shown strong educational homogamy in most Western societies, although the trends over time differ across countries. In this article, we study the connection between educational assortative mating and gender-specific earnings in a sample containing the entire Swedish population born 1960-1974; we follow this sample from 1990 to 2009. Our empirical strategy exploits a longitudinal design, using distributed fixed-effects models capturing the impact of partner education on postmarital earnings, relating it to the income development before union formation. We find that being partnered with someone with more education (hypergamy) is associated with higher earnings, while partnering someone with less education (hypogamy) is associated with lower earnings. However, most of these differences in earnings emerge prior to the time of marriage, implying that the effect is explained by marital selection processes rather than by partner education affecting earnings. The exception is hypogamy among the highly educated, for which there are strong indications that in comparison with homogamy and hypergamy, earnings grow slower after union formation.
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