| 1. |
- Zenou, Yves, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Job Contact Networks and the Ethnic Minorities
- 2011
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Ingår i: Labour Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-5371 .- 1879-1034. ; 18:1, s. 48-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using data from the UK Quarterly Labor Force Survey, this paper examines the job finding methods of different ethnic groups in the UK. Our empirical findings suggest that, though personal networks are a popular method of finding a job for the ethnic minorities, the foreign born and those who identify themselves as non-British, they are not necessarily the most effective either in terms of gaining employment or in terms of the level of job achieved. However, there are some important differences across ethnic groups with some groups losing out disproportionately from using personal networks.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bisin, Alberto, et al.
(författare)
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Ethnic Identity and Labor-Market Outcomes of Immigrants in Europe
- 2011
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Ingår i: Economic Policy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0266-4658 .- 1468-0327. ; 26:65, s. 57-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the relationship between ethnic identity and labour market outcomes of non-EU immigrants in Europe. Using the European Social Survey, we find that there is a penalty to be paid for immigrants with a strong identity. Being a first generation immigrant leads to a penalty of about 17% while second-generation immigrants have a probability of being employed that is not statistically different from that of natives. However, when they have a strong identity, second-generation immigrants have a lower chance of finding a job than natives. Our analysis also reveals that the relationship between ethnic identity and employment prospects may depend on the type of integration and labour market policies implemented in the country where the immigrant lives. More flexible labour markets help immigrants to access the labour market but do not protect those who have a strong ethnic identity.
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| 4. |
- Patacchini, Eleonora, et al.
(författare)
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Neighborhood effects and parental involvement in the intergenerational transmission of education
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of regional science. - : Wiley. - 0022-4146 .- 1467-9787. ; 51:5, s. 987-1013
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analyze the intergenerational transmission of education focusing on the interplay between family and neighborhood effects. We develop a theoretical model suggesting that both neighborhood quality and parental effort are of importance for the education attained by children. This model proposes a mechanism explaining why and how they are of importance, distinguishing between high- and low-educated parents. We then bring this model to the data using a longitudinal dataset in Britain. The available information on social housing in big cities allows us to identify the role of neighborhood in educational outcomes. We find that the better the quality of the neighborhood, the higher is the parents' involvement in their children's education. A novel finding with respect to previous U.S. studies is that family is of importance for children with highly educated parents while it is the community that is crucial for the educational achievement of children from low-educated families.
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| 5. |
- Zenou, Yves, 1961-
(författare)
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Rural-urban Migration and Unemployment : Theory and Policy Implications
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of regional science. - : Wiley. - 0022-4146 .- 1467-9787. ; 51:1, s. 65-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We develop a regional model where, in the city, unemployment prevails because of too high (efficiency) wages, while, in the rural area, workers are paid at their marginal productivity. We characterize the steady-state equilibrium and show that it is unique. We then consider two policies: decreasing urban unemployment benefits and subsidizing urban employment. We find that decreasing the unemployment benefit in the city creates urban jobs and reduces rural-urban migration since new migrants have to spend some time unemployed before they can find a job in the city. On the other hand, raising employment subsidies increases urban employment but may also increase urban unemployment because it triggers more rural-urban migration. In this respect, the employment subsidy policy can backfire by raising rather than reducing urban unemployment.
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| 6. |
- Zenou, Yves, 1961-
(författare)
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Search, Wage Posting, and Urban Spatial Structure
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Geography. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1468-2702 .- 1468-2710. ; 11:3, s. 387-416
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We develop an urban-search model in which firms post wages. When all workers are identical, there is a unique wage in equilibrium even in the presence of search and spatial frictions. This wage is affected by spatial and labor costs. When workers differ according to the value imputed to leisure, we show that, under some conditions, two wages emerge in equilibrium. The commuting cost not only affects the land market but also the labor market through wages. Workers' productivity also affects housing prices and this impact can be positive or negative depending on the location in the city. We then run some numerical simulations to reproduce some stylized facts about the labor-market outcomes of black and white workers. We find that a reduction in commuting costs for all workers reduces the unemployment rate of white workers and the profit of all firms but increases the wage of all workers (black and white) and raises the fraction of firms posting the high wage.
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| 7. |
- Zenou, Yves, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Social Interactions and Spillovers
- 2011
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Ingår i: Games and Economic Behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 0899-8256 .- 1090-2473. ; 72:2, s. 339-360
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to provide a tractable model where both socialization (or network formation) and productive efforts can be analyzed simultaneously. This permits a full-fledged equilibrium/welfare analysis of network formation with endogenous productive efforts and heterogeneous agents. We show that there exist two stable interior equilibria, which we can Pareto rank. The socially efficient outcome lies between these two equilibria. When the intrinsic returns to production and socialization increase, all equilibrium actions decrease at the Pareto-superior equilibrium, while they increase at the Pareto-inferior equilibrium. In both cases, the percentage change in socialization effort is higher (in absolute value) than that of the productive effort.
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| 8. |
- Zenou, Yves, et al.
(författare)
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Social networks
- 2011
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Ingår i: The SAGE handbook of the philosophy of social science. - London : Sage Publications. - 9781847874009 ; , s. 339-361
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Zenou, Yves, et al.
(författare)
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Städer och entreprenörskap
- 2011
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Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - 0345-2646. ; 39:1, s. 5-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Bisin, Alberto, et al.
(författare)
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Formation and persistence of oppositional identities
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Economic Review. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-2921 .- 1873-572X. ; 55:8, s. 1046-1071
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We develop a dynamic model of identity formation that explains why ethnic minorities may choose to adopt oppositional identities (i.e. some individuals may reject or not the dominant culture) and why this behavior may persist over time. We first show that the prevalence of an oppositional culture in the minority group cannot always be sustained in equilibrium. Indeed, because the size of the majority group is larger, there is an imposed process of exposition to role models from the majority group that favors the diffusion of mainstream values in the minority community. In spite of this, an oppositional culture in the minority group can nevertheless be sustained in steady state if there is enough cultural segmentation in terms of role models, or if the size of the minority group is large enough, or if the degree of oppositional identity it implies is high enough. We also demonstrate that the higher the level of harassment and the number of racist individuals in the society, the more likely an oppositional minority culture will emerge. We finally show that ethnic identity and socialization effort can be more intense in mixed rather than segregated neighborhoods.
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