| 1. |
- Ohlsson, Claes, 1970-, et al.
(author)
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The Framing of Corporate Social Responsibility and the Globalization of National Business Systems : A Longitudinal Case Study
- 2010
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In: Journal of Business Ethics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-4544 .- 1573-0697. ; 93:4, s. 653-669
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The globalization movement in recent decades has meant rapid growth in trade, financial transactions, and cross-country ownership of economic assets. In this article, we examine how the globalization of national business systems has influenced the framing of corporate social responsibility (CSR). This is done using text analysis of CEO letters appearing in the annual reports of 15 major corporations in Sweden during a period of transformational change. The results show that the discourse about CSR in the annual reports has changed from a national and communitarian view of social responsibility (cf. a negotiated view of CSR) toward an international and individualistic view of social responsibility (cf. a self-regulating view of CSR). The article contributes theoretically (1) by adding a national–global dimension to previous conceptualizations of CSR and (2) by showing that the rise of CSR discourse and activities in the last 10 years does not have to imply an increased commitment and interest in corporate responsibility per se, only that there are increased societal expectations that corporations should develop the capability to act more independently as moral agents.
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| 2. |
- Hammar, Henrik, 1970, et al.
(author)
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The kilometer tax and Swedish industry-effects on sectors and regions
- 2011
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In: Applied Economics. - London : Chapman and Hall. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 43, s. 2907-2917
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An introduction of a kilometer tax for heavy goods vehicles can be constrained by the risk of that higher production costs than competitors in other countries will negatively affect regions and industries of policy concern. We estimate factor demand elasticities in the Swedish manufacturing industry using firm level data for the 1990 to 2001 period on input prices and quantities. The results show that the introduction of a kilometer tax for heavy goods vehicles decreases transport demand and increases labour demand. The effects are less pronounced in terms of changes in output, though some industries (e.g. wood, pulp and paper) can be expected to be affected more than others due to their dependence on road freight transport. The regional dimension regarding the consequences of a kilometer tax seems to be small or even nonexisting.
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| 3. |
- Wirsenius, Stefan, 1963, et al.
(author)
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How much land is needed for global food production under scenarios of dietary changes and livestock productivity increases in 2030?
- 2010
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In: Agricultural Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2267 .- 0308-521X. ; 103:9, s. 621-638
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Growing global population figures and per-capita incomes imply an increase in food demand and pressure to expand agricultural land. Agricultural expansion into natural ecosystems affects biodiversity and leads to substantial carbon dioxide emissions.Considerable attention has been paid to prospects for increasing food availability, and limiting agricultural expansion, through higher yields on cropland. In contrast, prospects for efficiency improvements in the entire food-chain and dietary changes toward less land-demanding food have not been explored as extensively. In this study, we present model-based scenarios of global agricultural land use in 2030, as a basis for investigating the potential for land-minimized growth of world food supply through: (i) faster growth in feed-to-food efficiency in animal food production; (ii) decreased food wastage; and (iii) dietary changes in favor of vegetable food and less land-demanding meat. The scenarios are based in part on projections of global food agriculture for 2030 by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO. The scenario calculations were carried out by means of a physical model of the global food and agriculture system that calculates the land area and crops/pasture production necessary to provide for a given level of food consumption.In the reference scenario - developed to represent the FAO projections - global agricultural area expands from the current 5.1. billion ha to 5.4. billion. ha in 2030. In the faster-yet-feasible livestock productivity growth scenario, global agricultural land use decreases to 4.8. billion. ha. In a third scenario, combining the higher productivity growth with a substitution of pork and/or poultry for 20% of ruminant meat, land use drops further, to 4.4. billion. ha. In a fourth scenario, applied mainly to high-income regions, that assumes a minor transition towards vegetarian food (25% decrease in meat consumption) and a somewhat lower food wastage rate, land use in these regions decreases further, by about 15%. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
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| 4. |
- Forslund, Helena, 1964-, et al.
(author)
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Integrating the performance management process of on-time delivery with suppliers
- 2010
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In: International Journal of Logistics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1367-5567 .- 1469-848X. ; 13:3, s. 225-241
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper discusses the importance of integrating the performance management (PM) process of on-time delivery with suppliers and analyses the perceived degree of such integration. It describes how the PM process of on-time delivery is managed in manufacturing companies and compares the integration and management issues of on-time delivery between companies with high and low perceived on-time delivery performance. Analysis is based on a survey study of Swedish manufacturing companies in 10 industrial sectors. The focus is on on-time delivery from the respondents' most important supplier. The PM activities defining metrics, target setting, measurement and analysis are not highly integrated between customers and suppliers when measuring on-time delivery. This is especially true for measurement activity, which is the activity with most issues to manage and integrate. The PM issues most significantly related to high on-time delivery performance were automated data collection, registration and report generation.
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| 5. |
- Forslund, Helena, 1964-, et al.
(author)
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Selection, implementation and use of ERP systems for supply chain performance management
- 2010
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In: Industrial management & data systems. - : Emerald. - 0263-5577 .- 1758-5783. ; 110:8, s. 1159-1175
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose – The paper aims to explore how supply chain performance management (PM) isaffected by the decisions made in the enterprise resource planning (ERP) system lifecycle phases.Design/methodology/approach – Datawere collected in amultiple case study of fourmanufacturing companies.Findings – Four PM activities and three ERP system lifecycle phases were described and analyzed. Eight propositions were generated from theory and the case analyses. Detailed demand specifications could have improved target setting and reporting possibilities, PM education and training seem to be important in both the implementation and the use phase and supply chain PM is highly affected in the use phase.Research limitations/implications – The paper is explorative. A required next step would be to test the generated propositions on a larger population.Practical implications – Propositions of what supply chain PM issues manufacturing companies should consider in the ERP system selection, implementation and use phases are presented. The results indicate that a lot of supply chain PM improvements can be realized within the use phase of an existing ERP system. Originality/value – No previous paper has focused upon how to consider supply chain PM when implementing ERP systems. This is needed because previous studies have identified ERP systems as obstacles for supply chain PM.
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| 6. |
- Raharjo, Hendry, 1978, et al.
(author)
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On integrating Kano's model dynamics into QFD for multiple product design
- 2010
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In: Quality and Reliability Engineering International. - : Wiley. - 1099-1638 .- 0748-8017. ; 26:4, s. 351-363
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) framework places a strong emphasis on the need to conform to the customer needs or voices early in the design phase. The key problem in the context of a Rapidly changing environment due to influx of new technology and innovation, is that things may become obsolete much faster than ever. What now delights the customer will become an expected need in the Near Future. Such dynamics is, unfortunately, very often overlooked and has not been adequately addressed in the literature. To fill in this niche, this paper proposes a methodology to advance the use of the Quality Function Deployment (QFD), As One Of The Widely accepted tools into products or services design process, with respect to Kano's model dynamics. Specifically, based on the information from Kano questionnaire, it provides a quantitative approach to observe and follow the change over time. Not only can it show how strong a certainement Kano's category changes over time, but it can also forecast the future needs, Which is useful to Tackle the Customer's preference change during product creation process. Afterwards, the forecasted customer needs can be used within an optimization framework for multiple product design. An illustrative example is provided to give some practical insights.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Ljung, Margareta, 1945-
(author)
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Function Based Manning and Aspects of Flexibility
- 2010
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In: WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs (JoMA). - 1651-436X .- 1654-1642. ; 9:1, s. 121-133
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the article is to examine the concept of flexibility from a shipping perspective. Flexibility is examined in order to develop strategies, theoretical and applicable, in the field of Function Based Manning (FBM), for achieving optimized manning, which is not the same as reduced manning, with a healthy crew. This is a complex concept in many aspects. Based on research on working life and work organizations conducted by social scientists, two aspects of flexibility are examined; functional flexibility including job enrichment and competence training, and working time flexibility. These issues are analyzed from a shipping perspective. The concept is double-edged in the sense that it entails both having flexibility and being flexible. Does flexibility only serve the interests of the employer? Or, do workers also benefit from flexibility? By combining these two aspects of flexibility, a win-win situation benefiting both employers and employees can be achieved. This article highlights and discusses strategies intended to promote the implementation of amodel of optimized manning.
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| 9. |
- Krook Riekkola, Anna Cecilia, 1971, et al.
(author)
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Ancillary benefits of climate policy in a small open economy: The case of Sweden
- 2011
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In: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4215 .- 1873-6777. ; 39:9, s. 4985-4998
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is increasingly recognised that GHG reduction policies can have important ancillary benefits in the form of positive local and regional environmental impacts. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the domestic ancillary pollution benefits of climate policy in Sweden, and investigate how these are affected by different climate policy designs. The latter differ primarily in terms of how the country chooses to meet a specific target and where the necessary emission reductions take place. The analysis relies on simulations within the energy system optimisation model TIMES-Sweden, and focuses on four non-GHG pollutants: Nitrogen Oxides (NO(x)), Non Methane Volatile Organic Compounds (NMVOC), inhalable particles (PM(2.5)), and Sulphur dioxide (SO(2)). The simulations permit detailed assessments of the respective technology and fuel choices that underlie any net changes in the estimated ancillary effects. The results indicate that the ancillary benefits constitute a far from insignificant share of total system costs, and this share appears to be highest in the scenarios that entail the largest emission reductions domestically. This result reflects the fact that carbon dioxide emission reductions abroad also implies a lost opportunity of achieving substantial domestic welfare gain from the reductions of regional and local environmental pollutants.
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| 10. |
- Österman, Cecilia, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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Exploring Maritime Ergonomics from a Bottom Line Perspective
- 2010
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In: WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs (JoMA). - : Springer. - 1651-436X .- 1654-1642. ; 9:2, s. 153-168
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present paper reports a study composed of three research activities exploring theeconomics of ergonomics in a shipping context. First, a literature study aimed to reviewprevious studies on the economics of ergonomics in general and within the maritimedomain in particular; and moreover, to ascertain the key ergonomic factors addressedin contemporary maritime ergonomic research. Second, the concept of ergonomics wasprobed from a stakeholder perspective through nine semi-structured qualitative interviews.Third, structured interviews were held with representatives of ten Swedish shippingcompanies to investigate if the shipowners are aware of and calculate the economiceffects of ergonomics.The results show that severalmodels and methods have been developed to estimate costsand benefits of ergonomics in other industries, but no studies were found from the shippingindustry.Whether these methods can be readily adapted to the shipping industry hasto be investigated further. While contemporary maritime ergonomic literature showed afocus on physical ergonomic and health and safety issues, the results of the stakeholderinterviews indicated a focus on organizational ergonomics. The Swedish shipownerscalculate the costs of sick-leave, but do not estimate the economic effects of ergonomicson a regular basis.
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