| 1. |
- Bask, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Market power in the expanding Nordic power market
- 2011
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Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 43:9, s. 1035-1043
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine if the Nordic power market, Nord Pool, has been competitive or if electricity suppliers have had market power. Specifically, since the evolution from national markets to a multi-national and largely deregulated power market has taken place stepwise, we also examine how the degree of market power has evolved during this integration process. The Bresnahan-Lau method together with weekly data during 1996-2004 are used in the analysis, which shows that electricity suppliers have had small, but statistically significant, market power, but that the market power has been reduced as the Nord Pool area has expanded
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| 2. |
- Granlund, David, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Consumer information and pharmaceutical prices : theory and evidence
- 2011
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Ingår i: Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics. - : John Wiley & Sons Ltd. - 0305-9049 .- 1468-0084. ; 73:2, s. 230-254
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, the impact of increased consumer information on brand name and generic pharmaceutical prices is analyzed both theoretically and empirically. The theoretical results show that an increase in information is likely to reduce the price of brand name pharmaceuticals, while the results regarding generics are less clear. In the empirical part of the paper, the introduction of the substitution reform in the Swedish pharmaceuticals market in October 2002 is used as a natural experiment regarding the effects of increased consumer information on pharmaceutical prices. The results clearly show that the reform has lowered the price of both brand name- and generic pharmaceuticals
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| 3. |
- Granlund, David, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Does increased price competition reduce entry of new pharmaceutical products?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Advances in Management and Applied Economics. - : International Scientific Press. - 1792-7544 .- 1792-7552. ; 1:1, s. 1-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In October 2002, a substitution reform was introduced in the Swedish pharmaceuticals market. In this paper, the effects of increased price competition due to the reform on the entry of new pharmaceutical products were studied. The results show that the reform did affect the entry behavior of generic manufacturers as they became more prone to enter new package sizes into the market after the reform, but also that there is considerable heterogeneity in entry behavior between different ATC-code groups for both brand name and generic products.
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| 4. |
- Hellström, Jörgen, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Uncertainty in the generic versus brand name prescription decision
- 2010
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Ingår i: Empirical Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0377-7332 .- 1435-8921. ; 38:3, s. 503-521
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyzes the impact of uncertainty concerning product qualityof generic drugs on the substitution behavior of prescribing physicians. It is shown thatuncertainty about the generic drug quality gives the physician a value of waiting formore information before switching to the generic version. In addition, it is shown thatreducing the approval requirements for generic drugs, thereby increasing uncertaintyabout quality, may discourage physicians from prescribing such drugs. An empiricalstudy testing the theoretical predictions is presented at the end of the paper.
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| 5. |
- Rudholm, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Does Competition Increase Economic Efficiency in Swedish County Councils?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Advances in Management and Applied Economics. - : International Scientific Press. - 1792-7544 .- 1792-7552. ; 1:2, s. 77-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish health care system is to a large extent publicly managed by 21 local county councils. During recent years there has been a movement were local county councils have opted to allow more of the production to be performed by alternative producers (i.e., private firms, cooperatives etc.). The purpose of this paper is thus to study if local county councils who has a large proportion of health care performed by alternative producers are more economically efficient than other county councils. The results indicate that county councils with more alternative caregivers are supplying their services more efficiently.
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| 6. |
- Ankarhem, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Do Regional Investment Grants Improve Firm Performance? : Evidence from Sweden
- 2010
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Ingår i: Technology and Investment. - Irvine, USA : Scientific Research Publishing. - 2150-4059. ; 1:3, s. 221-227
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of Swedish regional investment grants during 1990-1999 on firm performance, in terms of returns on equity and number of employees, were studied using a propensity-score matching-method to control for sample selection. Firms that received grants did not perform better in terms of returns on equity when compared to matched firms in the control group. In most years, recipient firms also did not hire more employees. The results thus cast doubt on the use of regional investment grants as a general policy instrument to improve firm performance.
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| 7. |
- Blom, Carin, et al.
(författare)
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Den osynliga värdeskaparens framtid
- 2011
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Ingår i: Ekonomiska samfundets tidskrift. - Helsingfors : Ekonomiska Samfundet i Finland. - 0013-3183 .- 2323-1378. ; :3, s. 157-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hos gemene man anses partihandel ofta vara detsamma som ledet mellan producent och detaljhandlare. Partihandeln är emellertid betydligt mer komplex än så. Partihandeln består av flera olika delbranscher som kan vara mycket olika varandra. En del partihandelsbranscher ligger närmare detaljhandeln, medan andra har mycket gemensamt med tillverkningsindustrin. I denna artikel presenteras statstik över den Svenska partihandelns betydelse i ekonomin, dess geografiska spridning illustreras grafiskt, och slutligen genomförs tre fallstudier av Svenska partihandelsföretag. I de tre fallstudierna anges några faktorer ha större betydelse än andra för partihandlarnas framtid. Dessa faktorer, som diskuteras utförligt i artikeln, är bland annat teknologisk utveckling, internationalisering, och en förändrad konkurrenssituation.
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| 8. |
- Daunfeldt, Sven-Olov, et al.
(författare)
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Do high taxes lock-in capital gains? Evidence from a dual income tax system
- 2010
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Ingår i: Public Choice. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0048-5829 .- 1573-7101. ; 145:1, s. 25-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to study whether investors' willingness to realize capital gains falls when the marginal tax rate on capital gains is raised. We use a rich register-based panel data set covering almost 8% of the Swedish population. The results indicate that a 10% increase in capital gains tax rate reduces the number of realizations of capital gains with 8.7% and the realized amount, given the decision to realize, with 1.9%. In addition, we find that wealthy individuals seem to respond more to changes in capital gains tax rates than less-wealthy.
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| 9. |
- Daunfeldt, Sven-Olov, et al.
(författare)
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Leder högre skatter på kapitalvinster till inlåsningseffekter?
- 2010
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Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - : Nationalekonomiska Föreningen. - 0345-2646. ; 38:2, s. 18-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Höga skatter på kapitalvinster kan leda till att investerare blir mindre benägna att realisera sina kapitalvinster. Tidigare studier har använt sig av data från USA och finner att det existerar en inlåsningseffekt, men storleken på effekten varierar mellan studierna. I en ny studie drar Daunfeldt m fl (2010) slutsatsen att högre skatter på kapitalvinster också är förknippade med en inlåsningseffekt i Sverige. Resultaten från studien indikerar att en höjning av kapitalvinstskatten med 10 procent i genomsnitt leder till att antalet realiseringar minskar med nästan 9 procent. Inlåsningseffekten tenderar dessutom att vara större för investerare med beskattningsbar förmögenhet, vilket indikerar att dessa individer i högre utsträckning använder sig av skatteplanering för att undkomma beskattningen av kapitalvinster.
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| 10. |
- Daunfeldt, Sven-Olov, et al.
(författare)
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Opening local retail food stores : a real-options approach
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade. - : Springer. - 1566-1679 .- 1573-7012. ; 10:3-4, s. 373-387
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A real-options approach was used, incorporating uncertainty and irreversibility of investments, to study the number of stores entering the Swedish retail food market during the period 1994-2002. It was found that uncertainty affected the entry-decision. Entry was less frequent in highly concentrated local retail food-markets characterized by a high degree of uncertainty, whereas higher profit opportunities seem to have increased the probability of entry.
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