| 1. |
- Woxenius, Johan, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Innovation drivers and barriers in intermodal freight transport
- 2010
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Ingår i: Logistics Research Network Annual Conference (LRN), Harrogate, 8-10 September.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Intermodal freight transport (IFT) represents a complicated if not complex transport system encompassing a wide variety of relationships between actors, activities, and technical resources. This implies certain inertia to change. The work of IFT system designers and inventors of technical resources is like running in a labyrinth facing a wide range of restricting factors. Inventors have designed numerous technological components and sub-systems for intermodal liner trains but they share the feature of not being used commercially in a large scale. In order to understand the nature of technical and organisational innovation in IFT systems, thorough knowledge about these limiting factors is essential and this article aims at filling part of this knowledge gap. The purpose of the article is to analyse processes that foster or impede the implementation of technological and organisational innovations in IFT in general, and IFT liner trains in particular.
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| 2. |
- Bergqvist, Rickard, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient Intermodal Pre and Post Haulage
- 2010
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Ingår i: Selected Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Transport Research Society. - 9789899698611
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The demand for inland freight transport in Europe is mainly met by road transport leading to unsustainable impacts such as air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions and congestion. Since rail transport has lower externalities than road transport, a modal shift from road to rail is an accepted policy goal for achieving a more sustainable and competitive transport system. However, intermodal road-rail transport is mainly competitive for long distance transports and as a consequence the potential for modal shift is limited.The cost-efficiency of road-rail intermodal transport is particularly sensitive to pre and post haulage (PPH) costs since this activity typically has a larger cost mass compared to its share of the total distance of the transport chain. For intermodal transportation over shorter distances, e.g. below 300 km and where there is substantial PPH activities in both ends of the chain, the competitiveness of the intermodal transport system compared to direct road is low. Improving the efficiency of the PPH activities is therefore of outmost importance for the competitiveness of the intermodal transport system. This paper looks into the issue of improving the cost-efficiency of an intermodal transport chain by implementing an innovative and flexible legal framework regarding the PPH activities in the chain. By extending the legal framework with exceptions for longer vehicles in the pre and post haulage the cost efficiency can be greatly improved. The purpose of such a framework is to allow and enable for PPH of 2*40 foot or even 2 semi-trailers using only one vehicle in the context of Swedish regulatory framework. Within the existing framework there are some degrees of freedom given that the cargo is divisible. This paper suggests extending that framework to the context of intermodal transport. Exceptions to the given regulations require different measures, such as accompanying car, route travelled, etc. This paper aims to investigate the consequences of such a framework and gives some normative suggestions for its setup and design. Furthermore, this paper investigates the potential associated with such a framework in terms of cost-efficiency. In sum, a more innovative and flexible legal framework regarding vehicle length in the PPH links can contribute to greater modal shift, improved cost-efficiency and more environmentally friendly transportation systems.
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| 3. |
- Behrends, Sönke, 1976
(författare)
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Sustainable freight transport principles and their implications for intermodal transport
- 2010
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Ingår i: NOFOMA conference, 10-11 June 2010, Kolding, Denmark. ; , s. 1033-1048
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to assess whether intermodal road-rail transport has the potential to contribute to the sustainable development of the freight transport sector. To achieve this, the paper aims to clarify what sustainable freight transport is and to identify the critical issues in today’s intermodal transport system. Methodology: In a deductive approach principles for sustainable freight transport are developed based on sustainable development concepts and applied on intermodal transport. Findings: Rail has the potential to offer economically and environmentally sustainable freight transport services, but in the present intermodal transport system the economic benefits can only be realised for a minor share of the transport market, and the environmental benefits on a global and regional level are achieved at the expense of higher local impacts. Implications: This article has developed principles of sustainable freight transport and identified the critical issues regarding the sustainability potential of intermodal transport. Further research on implementing innovations in rail transport and on pre- and post haulage in urban areas is needed. What is original/value of paper: This paper presents a holistic definition of sustainable freight transport based on sustainable development principles. The definition is intended to be useful for analysing other transport systems.
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| 4. |
- Behrends, Sönke, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of fast transhipment technology on the potential for intermodal freight transport
- 2010
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Ingår i: Selected proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Transport Research Society. - 9789899698611
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traditionally, intermodal transport has a medium to high market share for large flows over long distances while the short and medium distances (less than 500km) mainly remain a domain of the road transport sector. In order to allow intermodal transport to compete in the medium distance and high quality market segment, alternative network operations that allow for an intensification of rail services and expansion of geographical coverage are needed. Intermodal liner trains that operate in corridor network designs with intermediate stops between start and end terminals are regularly advocated by intermodal transport researchers as a means to compete with all-road transport on small volumes and short distance markets. Innovative transhipment technologies facilitating fast and efficient transhipments are a necessity for intermodal liner trains since the conventional terminals are not appropriate for intermediate terminals where freight volumes are low and train dwelling times need to be short. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the transhipment unit cost’s effect on the modal shift potential of intermodal liner trains based on fast and efficient transhipments. In a theoretical case study the cost and potential modal share for an intermodal liner train on a corridor in Sweden is analysed. The method is based on modelling a competitive situation between traditional road transport and intermodal road-rail transport. The results confirm that in theory intermodal liner trains can provide competitive services on short and medium transport distances in case transhipment costs are kept low. Fast and efficient transhipment technologies can open business opportunities for operators and cost savings potential for shippers in a market segment which is dominated by road transport.
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| 5. |
- Behrends, Sönke, 1976
(författare)
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The modal shift potential of intermodal line-trains from a haulier’s perspective - Drivers and barriers in the mode choice process
- 2011
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Ingår i: NECTAR 2011 Conference, 18-20 May 2011, Antwerp.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Intermodal line-trains operating in corridor network designs are regularly promoted a means for intermodal transport to compete on transport costs and time with all-road transport for distances shorter than 500km. The purpose of this paper is to identify existing drivers and barriers to the usage of time and cost competitive intermodal in the decision making process of road hauliers who in many cases make the modal choice, i.e. deciding whether to outsource long-distance haulage to rail as an alternative to producing road haulage itself. This paper addresses the complexity of the mode choice that is often stressed in mode choice literature but more seldom explained. It looks into the potential of using an intermodal line-train for the long-distance transport of consolidated cargo between a forwarder’s terminals. In a multiple case study, the operations of four hauliers contracted by two forwarders in Sweden for the long-distance transport on two domestic routes (Göteborg – Malmö and Örebro – Stockholm) are assessed. In semi-structured interviews with four hauliers and two forwarders the drivers and barriers in the mode choice process for a modal shift are analysed. The results indicate that consolidated cargo is generally suitable for intermodal transport, but for outsourcing the long-distance haulage to rail the road hauliers face significant obstacles. The main barriers are a vehicle fleet that is not adapted for rail transport as well as small transport volumes and time-intensive terminal access that do not allow efficient PPH. Hence, in the current industry structure the modal shift potential for consolidated cargo is limited. New business models may be needed to reach transport volumes that allow efficient PPH operations, which in turn may lead to reduced business for road hauliers.
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| 6. |
- Lindholm, Maria, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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A holistic approach to challenges in urban freight transport planning
- 2010
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Ingår i: General Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Transport Research Society. - 9789899698604
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Freight transports in urban areas are still not well understood and there is no widespread methodology specifically aimed at the analysis and planning of such areas. To achieve urban sustainability, new models for the management of freight movements within city limits are warranted, in which municipal authorities play a pro-active role. The purpose of this paper is, firstly, to analyse the current state of freight transport in urban areas, and secondly, to identify possible shortcomings of current urban freight transport planning practices. This paper contributes to laying the groundwork for designing strategies and solutions to overcome the challenges involved in securing the mobility of goods and reducing unsustainable impacts from freight transport. A holistic approach was taken and in-depth interviews with 40 local actors and stakeholders were conducted in four cities around the Baltic Sea. The interviews represented authorities and other organisations connected with urban freight transport. The cities differ in size, economy, and history as well as political and cultural frameworks. A common characteristic of the cities, though, is the strong role the ports and logistics activities play.The study shows that there is a lack of a holistic understanding of the implications of freight transport in urban areas. Interaction and cooperation of all involved actors is necessary, but lacking, i.e., actors from the public and private sector. All these actors seem to be expecting initiatives to come from elsewhere. On the one hand, city governments expect businesses to set up new logistics services suited to the emerging needs of the customers and retailers. On the other hand, logistics providers wait for municipalities to initiate (and subsidize) new services before starting a business, which may prove unprofitable and highly risky. Furthermore, taking into account freight transport’s growing contribution to the negative impacts on the urban environment, compared to passenger transport, city authorities need more capacity and competence to manage and control the freight transports.
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