| 1. |
- Moore, Jason W., 1971-
(författare)
-
'Amsterdam is Standing on Norway', Part I : The Alchemy of Capital, Empire and Nature in the Diaspora of Silver, 1545–1648
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of Agrarian Change. - 1471-0358 .- 1471-0366. ; 10:1, s. 33-68
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the first of two essays in this Journal, I seek to unify the historicalgeography of early modern ‘European expansion’ (Iberia and Latin America)with the environmental history of the ‘transition to capitalism’ (northwestern Europe). The expansion of Europe’s overseas empires and the transitions to capitalism within Europe were differentiated moments within the geographicalexpansion of commodity production and exchange – what I call the commodityfrontier. This essay is developed in two movements. Beginning with a conceptual and methodological recasting of the historical geography of the rise of capitalism,I offer an analytical narrative that follows the early modern diaspora of silver.This account follows the political ecology of silver production and trade from the Andes to Spain in Braudel’s ‘second’ sixteenth century (c. 1545–1648). In highlighting the Ibero-American moment of this process in the present essay, Icontend that the spectacular reorganization of Andean space and the progressive dilapidation of Spain’s real economy not only signified the rise and demise of a trans-Atlantic, Iberian ecological regime, but also generated the historicallynecessary conditions for the unprecedented concentration of accumulation andcommodity production in the capitalist North Atlantic in the centuries thatfollowed.
|
|
| 2. |
- Lindholm Dahlstrand, Åsa, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
-
Innovative entrepreneurship policy : linking innovation and entrepreneurship in a European context
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Annals of Innovation & Entrepreneurship. - Järfälla : CoAction Publishing. - 2000-7396. ; 1:1, s. 5602-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today it is a well-established fact that small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are important for economic growth and renewal. The ‘carrying out of new combinations’ may, however, have less to do with the size of a firm or organization, instead ‘newness’ in the form of innovation and entrepreneurship has again caught the attention of many academics and policymakers. Even so it is argued in this paper that the two areas of innovation policy a d entrepreneurship policy (both relatively recent as distinct policy areas) are seldom integrated and the concept of ‘innovative entrepreneurship policy’ has not yet fully emerged. This paper attempts to make a bridge between and integrate innovation and entrepreneurship policy. The paper presents an overview of innovation and entrepreneurship policies as derivatives of other policy areas, hinting at why it might be problematic to integrate an innovative entrepreneurship policy into existing policy areas. It is argued that public policy promoting innovation and economic growth must also involve instruments promoting entrepreneurship. Since this task is not easily accomplished, the concept of an Innovative entrepreneurship policy is also introduced in the discussion. It is argued that policies in favor of ‘innovative’ entrepreneurship should be considered in the context of a ‘holistic’ entrepreneurship policy framework. For innovative entrepreneurship to be able to fully contribute to economic growth and development it is suggested that its importance will need to be further acknowledged in innovation as well as entrepreneurship policies.
|
|
| 3. |
- Hasson, Henna, et al.
(författare)
-
A comparative study of nursing staff, care recipients' and their relatives' perceptions of quality of older people care
- 2010
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Older People Nursing. - : Wiley. - 1748-3735 .- 1748-3743. ; 5:1, s. 5-15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Comparisons of different stakeholders’ ratings of the quality of older people care can help to drive quality improvement. Aim. The aim was to compare staff, older care recipients’ and their relatives’ quality of care ratings. Design. Cross-sectional questionnaire surveys in 2003 and 2004, using a repeated measures design on an organizational level. Methods. Nursing staff, care recipients and relatives in two older people care organizations were included. The ratings of an overall quality grade, information, activities, general care and staff skills were compared between the respondent groups. Results. Care recipients in both organizations rated the overall quality grade significantly higher than nursing staff and relatives. Staff ratings of the information given to care recipients were significantly more positive than care recipients’ and relatives’ ratings. All three groups gave lowest ratings to the quality of activities offered to care recipients, with lowest ratings from nursing staff. Conclusions. Concurrent measurements of staff, care recipients and relatives’ care quality perceptions can provide a broad evaluation of an organization’s strength and limitations. Relevance to clinical practice. Staff, care recipients’ and relatives’ perceptions can be useful for older people care organizations and decision makers in developing care processes and outcomes of care.
|
|
| 4. |
- Rooth, Dan-Olof, et al.
(författare)
-
Education–occupation mismatch : Is there an income penalty?
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Economics of Education Review. - : Elsevier. - 0272-7757 .- 1873-7382. ; 29:6, s. 1047-1059
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper adds to the sparse literature on the consequences of education–occupation mismatches. It examines the income penalty for field of education–occupation mismatches for men and women with higher education degrees in Sweden and reveals that the penalty for such mismatches is large for both men and women. For mismatched men the income penalty is about twice as large as that found for US men, whereas for women the penalty is of about the same size as for US women. Controlling for cognitive ability further establishes that the income penalty is not caused by a sorting by ability, at least for Swedish men. The income penalty for men decreases with work experience, which is an indication that education-specific skills and work experience are substitutes to some extent.
|
|
| 5. |
- Vågsholm, Ivar, et al.
(författare)
-
Antimicrobial sensitivity-A natural resource to be protected by a Pigouvian tax?
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Preventive Veterinary Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5877 .- 1873-1716. ; 96:1-2, s. 41535-41535
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since their discovery more than 70 years ago antibiotic drugs have been efficient tools for treating bacterial infections, and their use has reduced the number of fatalities and the suffering from bacterial diseases. However, the use of antibiotics may lead to resistance to the same or other antibiotics. The risk of resistance appears to be larger in veterinary medicine, since antibiotics have been given as feed-additives in animal production, the amounts given are larger, and the risk of selecting the wrong antibiotic is higher due to lack of diagnostic facilities. Historically, as resistance developed, new classes of antibiotics were developed, but today however, the flow of new substances has slowed. The resistance that arises from antibiotic use is a negative externality or a cost that is not included in the price of antibiotics since it affects the public good of antibiotic sensitivity. The negative externality implies that antibiotic consumption becomes too high. Antibiotic use can be restricted by e.g., prohibiting the use in animal feeding stuffs, prescription only use, or banning the use for animals or by using economic incentives, but restrictions on antibiotic use could have negative effects on the development of new antimicrobials since restrictions might reduce the profitability of such efforts to the pharmaceutical industry. It is therefore of interest to see what economic theory can contribute towards a solution. The objective of this study is to examine if a Pigouvian tax is an option for balancing the externalities and incentives for veterinary drug use. However, as a practical solution, it is suggested to use the costs of developing new antibiotics for determining the tax. The magnitude the tax based on European Union numbers ranges between 29 and 287(sic) per kilogram active substance or between 9 and 86% of the average price of commonly used antibiotics depending on the foreseen period in years (1-10 years) between the development of a new antibiotic drug. Hence, the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics should be managed as a finite natural resource. A tax based on the expected costs of development new antibiotic substances may offer a practical option for balancing the incentives and externalities of antibiotic use and development. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 6. |
- Waldo, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
-
A note on the economics of Swedish Baltic Sea fisheries
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Marine Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-9460 .- 0308-597X. ; 34:3, s. 716-719
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cod stocks in the Baltic Sea are important not only for fisheries but for the entire ecosystem utilized by numerous stakeholders around the coast. All such activities have economic values. In this note the economics of the Swedish Baltic Sea cod fishery is estimated in relation to the sector's interaction with other users of the Baltic Sea ecosystem. The results show a negative resource rent for the fishery, (sic) - 5 million without public expenses (subsidies and administrative costs), and (sic) - 13 million including public expenses. The interactions between the fisheries and tourism, seal population, carbon dioxide emissions, recreational fishing, and discards are discussed, and when monetary estimates are available these are related to the estimated resource rent. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 7. |
- Cronquist, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
The CILO method : firm-supportive research approach enhancing enterprise performance
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Knowledge Management and Innovation. - : International Business Information Management Association (IBIMA). ; , s. 1239-1251, s. 1239-1251
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes a case of collaboration between academia and business firms in supporting innovation processes based on the CILO method, named after the CILO project (communication in learning organizations). The CILO method is an example of firm-supportive research approach. We describe the outcomes related to enhancing enterprise performance from applying the CILO-method in relation to one of the partner companies. The aim of the paper is to describe and discuss the concept of firm-supportive research in relation to the concept of innovation and to demonstrate how the specific characteristics of this research approach can enhance enterprise performance in one of our partner companies, Flower Systems Ltd.
|
|
| 8. |
- Nilsson, Anna S., et al.
(författare)
-
Transfer of Academic Research - Uncovering the Grey Zone
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of Technology Transfer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0892-9912 .- 1573-7047. ; 35:6, s. 617-636
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we respond to calls for further investigation on why and how scientists choose to commercialize their research. Mowery (University entrepreneurship and technology transfer: process design, and intellectual property, Elsevier, Oxford 2005), in his criticism of the US-system, emphasizes the need for multiple channels between university and industry. His argument makes the case of Sweden interesting, where the researchers own the intellectual property of their research. Sweden thus constitutes a unique case where data can be found on which choices researchers make in a setting where a variety of channels for transfer are available. Our empirical data, collected through case studies, allowed for the expansion of the typology for mechanisms for transfer of academic research as well as the development of a typology for determinants for researchers' choice to engage in transfer of research. Apart from those contributions to the theoretic discussion, the data also provided policy implications.
|
|
| 9. |
- Svensson, Peter, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Users’ Influence in Social-service Innovations : Two Swedish Case Studies
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship. - : Routledge Taylor and Francis. - 1942-0676 .- 1942-0684. ; 1:2, s. 190-212
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article uses case studies to address the sources of social innovation, a major contributor to economic growth and welfare services. Following the findings of user-innovation research in the commercial sector, the authors found that social-problem users innovate new social services for solving specific social problems. They also found that superior problem and solution knowledge is one reason for their ability to do this, that their legitimacy with other potential users is an important factor for their innovations’ diffusion and that the legitimacy of the new social services’ operators with other stakeholders is important for acquiring resources for their projects. This contributes to the understanding of the management of social innovation using the established theoretical framework of user innovation.
|
|
| 10. |
- Jonnergård, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Performance evaluations as gender barriers in professional organizations : A study of auditing firms
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Gender, Work and Organization. - : Wiley. - 0968-6673 .- 1468-0432. ; 17:6, s. 721-749
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gendering processes often take the form of organizational subtexts, that is, seemingly gender-neutral practices that have gender implications. The purpose of this article is to study performance evaluations, which, based on management by objectives systems, may appear neutral, but tend to be based on male norms of what is regarded as good performance. We analysed the careers and performance evaluations of 391 newly licenced Swedish auditors, using an open-ended question survey. In this industry 50 per cent of new employees and 92 per cent of partners are men. Even in the early stages of their careers, there are notable differences between women and men. The women achieved less and show lower career ambitions and expectations as well as greater intentions to leave the auditing industry. Performance evaluations are also perceived differently, men focusing on what is evaluated (reflecting the perceptions of those at higher hierarchical levels) and women focusing on who does the evaluating and how.
|
|
