| 1. |
- Nilsson, Anna S., et al.
(författare)
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Transfer of Academic Research - Uncovering the Grey Zone
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Technology Transfer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0892-9912 .- 1573-7047. ; 35:6, s. 617-636
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we respond to calls for further investigation on why and how scientists choose to commercialize their research. Mowery (University entrepreneurship and technology transfer: process design, and intellectual property, Elsevier, Oxford 2005), in his criticism of the US-system, emphasizes the need for multiple channels between university and industry. His argument makes the case of Sweden interesting, where the researchers own the intellectual property of their research. Sweden thus constitutes a unique case where data can be found on which choices researchers make in a setting where a variety of channels for transfer are available. Our empirical data, collected through case studies, allowed for the expansion of the typology for mechanisms for transfer of academic research as well as the development of a typology for determinants for researchers' choice to engage in transfer of research. Apart from those contributions to the theoretic discussion, the data also provided policy implications.
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| 2. |
- Svensson, Peter, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Users’ Influence in Social-service Innovations : Two Swedish Case Studies
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Social Entrepreneurship. - : Routledge Taylor and Francis. - 1942-0676 .- 1942-0684. ; 1:2, s. 190-212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article uses case studies to address the sources of social innovation, a major contributor to economic growth and welfare services. Following the findings of user-innovation research in the commercial sector, the authors found that social-problem users innovate new social services for solving specific social problems. They also found that superior problem and solution knowledge is one reason for their ability to do this, that their legitimacy with other potential users is an important factor for their innovations’ diffusion and that the legitimacy of the new social services’ operators with other stakeholders is important for acquiring resources for their projects. This contributes to the understanding of the management of social innovation using the established theoretical framework of user innovation.
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| 3. |
- Löwegren, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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University spin-offs in Sweden – a longitudinal study
- 2010
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Ingår i: Industry & higher education. - : IP Publishing Ltd. - 0950-4222 .- 2043-6858. ; 24:3, s. 219-225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There have been few studies on the long-term performance of university spin-offs (USOs). This paper builds on previous empirical research into the performance of USOs and on the resource-based model of USOs. Several research issues are addressed including, in particular, the long-term performance of Swedish USOs, the distribution of the main types of business, the extent to which USOs have been in contact with support organizations, and by how much the potential growth of USOs has been achieved by the dissemination of technological knowledge to other businesses through patents, licences and other activities of the founder of the USO. The results of studies of 25 Swedish USOs, all started between 1962 and 1990 and with a median age of 25 years, confirm previous research on USOs which experienced limited growth. The analysis indicates that most of the USOs usually operate as 'simple' types of business, such as consultancy services; and that 60% have been in contact with support organizations.
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