| 1. |
- Andersson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
-
Constrainedly fair job assignments under minimum wages
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Games and Economic Behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 0899-8256. ; 68:2, s. 428-442
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A number of jobs are to be assigned to a greater number of workers. While having to abide by the law of minimum wages, firms must determine who should be assigned which job and at what Salary. In Such situations fair (envy-free) allocations usually fail to exist. To cope with this Situation, this paper proposes a new concept of fairness, called constrained fairness. Among the set of constrainedly fair allocations, the so-called constrainedly fair and minimal allocations are of particular interest. The reason for this is that the salaries are not only compatible with the minimum wages; they are also optimal from the standpoint of cost-minimizing firms and the assignment of jobs is efficient from the viewpoint of workers. A convergent dynamic procedure that identifies constrainedly fair and minimal allocations is proposed. Furthermore, strategic properties of the mechanism are derived, and two notions of efficiency are evaluated. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 2. |
- Svensson, Lars
(författare)
-
Pay Differentials and Gender-Based Promotion Discrimination in a Dual Labour Market
- 2010
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Abstract Historical studies indicate that determinants of the gender wage gap have varied through history. This paper suggests that employment discrimination dominated over wage discrimination in clerical work in Sweden in the mid-1930s. Women were largely excluded from career paths in the offices. This is explained within an analytical framework, in which segmented labour market theory, notably concepts related to internal labour markets, is com¬bined with a simple model of statistical discrimination. The analysis sug¬gests that rational employers allocated men and women to different seg¬ments of this particular labour market on the basis if differences in pre¬dicted tenure. Men were typically selected to career paths where firms in¬vested in their human capital, because men’s predicted long spells of em¬ployment in the firm increased the probability of gathering the returns to these investments. Shorter predicted tenures made it rational to allocate women to dead-end jobs with early productivity crests, where high turno¬ver rates were advantageous for the firm.
|
|
| 3. |
- Svensson, Lars
(författare)
-
Technology, Institutions and allocation of time in Swedish Households, 1920-1990
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Économie et Societé. - 0013-0567. ; XLIV:1, s. 21-46
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The modernisation of Swedish households during the twentieth century prompted a considerable productivity growth in household production. This paper examines the association between this process and the allocation of female time in Swedish urban households during the period 1920-1990. Estimates presented in the paper suggest a minimum potential time reduction for a fixed volume of routine household work of about 25 per cent until the mid-1950s and 35 per cent until 1990. Much of that time was gradually transferred to the labour market, but no evidence can be found for an increase in leisure time. What has been termed a “Cowan paradox” appears in the Swedish data: the output of household services increased significantly with productivity-enhancing technical change. This was, however, the case only in households where small children constituted an impediment to labour market entry. Increased returns to market work induced women who did not face this restriction to allocate more time to the labour market from the mid-1940s, and at the same time raised the social status of paid work. This period also saw a drive to professionalize and rationalise routine household work, which may be interpreted as an attempt to increase the status of homemaking in order to match the economic and social upgrading of market work. It proved a vain effort. Its social base eventually vanished as a set of new formal and informal institutions associated with the family redefined the concept of “small children” and so removed the remaining barriers to gainful employment. The ultimate effect was to shift the position of homemaker from being a more or less permanent status of some women to a clearly temporary position of most women.
|
|
| 4. |
- Svensson, Lars
(författare)
-
The Rise and the Fall of the Restricted Swedish Model
- 2010
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Abstract The paper offers an interpretation of institutional change in the Swedish labour market 1920-2000 within a rational choice model, where . Institu-tional change is understood as an endogenous process linked to the long-term pattern of growth and transformation of the Swedish economy. The paper follows the rise and the fall of a set of rules, norms and beliefs labelled ‘The Restricted Swedish Model’ and demonstrates that its construction as well as its dismantling may be interpreted as the rational response by employers and trade unions to conditions formed by prevailing institutions and two exogenous parameters, the nature of technological change and the level of foreign competition.
|
|
