| 1. |
- Hills, Gerald E., 1943-, et al.
(författare)
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History, theory and evidence of entrepreneurial marketing : an overview
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management. - Milton Keynes : Inderscience Enterprises. - 1368-275X .- 1741-5098. ; 11:1, s. 3-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Entrepreneurial marketing (EM), i.e., the interface of the two research fields of entrepreneurship and marketing, is a scholarly concept that is receiving increasing interest. In our article, we attempt to address definitional issues, theoretical foundations, historical milestones and new, preliminary empirical findings. More exactly, we propose our own definition of EM especially taking into consideration the entrepreneurial orientation behind this new marketing concept and the aim of creating customer value through such means as innovativeness, creativity, selling, networking or flexibility. Besides, we offer an overview of EM’s ‘modern history’ within the last 20 years and
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| 2. |
- Wittchen, H U, et al.
(författare)
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The size and burden of mental disorders and other disorders of the brain in Europe 2010.
- 2011
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Ingår i: European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7862 .- 0924-977X. ; 21:9, s. 655-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To provide 12-month prevalence and disability burden estimates of a broad range of mental and neurological disorders in the European Union (EU) and to compare these findings to previous estimates. Referring to our previous 2005 review, improved up-to-date data for the enlarged EU on a broader range of disorders than previously covered are needed for basic, clinical and public health research and policy decisions and to inform about the estimated number of persons affected in the EU.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Gustavsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Cost of disorders of the brain in Europe 2010.
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Neuropsychopharmacology. - Amsterdam : Elsevier BV. - 0924-977X .- 1873-7862. ; 21:10, s. 718-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The spectrum of disorders of the brain is large, covering hundreds of disorders that are listed in either the mental or neurological disorder chapters of the established international diagnostic classification systems. These disorders have a high prevalence as well as short- and long-term impairments and disabilities. Therefore they are an emotional, financial and social burden to the patients, their families and their social network. In a 2005 landmark study, we estimated for the first time the annual cost of 12 major groups of disorders of the brain in Europe and gave a conservative estimate of €386 billion for the year 2004. This estimate was limited in scope and conservative due to the lack of sufficiently comprehensive epidemiological and/or economic data on several important diagnostic groups. We are now in a position to substantially improve and revise the 2004 estimates. In the present report we cover 19 major groups of disorders, 7 more than previously, of an increased range of age groups and more cost items. We therefore present much improved cost estimates. Our revised estimates also now include the new EU member states, and hence a population of 514 million people.AIMS: To estimate the number of persons with defined disorders of the brain in Europe in 2010, the total cost per person related to each disease in terms of direct and indirect costs, and an estimate of the total cost per disorder and country.METHODS: The best available estimates of the prevalence and cost per person for 19 groups of disorders of the brain (covering well over 100 specific disorders) were identified via a systematic review of the published literature. Together with the twelve disorders included in 2004, the following range of mental and neurologic groups of disorders is covered: addictive disorders, affective disorders, anxiety disorders, brain tumor, childhood and adolescent disorders (developmental disorders), dementia, eating disorders, epilepsy, mental retardation, migraine, multiple sclerosis, neuromuscular disorders, Parkinson's disease, personality disorders, psychotic disorders, sleep disorders, somatoform disorders, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. Epidemiologic panels were charged to complete the literature review for each disorder in order to estimate the 12-month prevalence, and health economic panels were charged to estimate best cost-estimates. A cost model was developed to combine the epidemiologic and economic data and estimate the total cost of each disorder in each of 30 European countries (EU27+Iceland, Norway and Switzerland). The cost model was populated with national statistics from Eurostat to adjust all costs to 2010 values, converting all local currencies to Euro, imputing costs for countries where no data were available, and aggregating country estimates to purchasing power parity adjusted estimates for the total cost of disorders of the brain in Europe 2010.RESULTS: The total cost of disorders of the brain was estimated at €798 billion in 2010. Direct costs constitute the majority of costs (37% direct healthcare costs and 23% direct non-medical costs) whereas the remaining 40% were indirect costs associated with patients' production losses. On average, the estimated cost per person with a disorder of the brain in Europe ranged between €285 for headache and €30,000 for neuromuscular disorders. The European per capita cost of disorders of the brain was €1550 on average but varied by country. The cost (in billion €PPP 2010) of the disorders of the brain included in this study was as follows: addiction: €65.7; anxiety disorders: €74.4; brain tumor: €5.2; child/adolescent disorders: €21.3; dementia: €105.2; eating disorders: €0.8; epilepsy: €13.8; headache: €43.5; mental retardation: €43.3; mood disorders: €113.4; multiple sclerosis: €14.6; neuromuscular disorders: €7.7; Parkinson's disease: €13.9; personality disorders: €27.3; psychotic disorders: €93.9; sleep disorders: €35.4; somatoform disorder: €21.2; stroke: €64.1; traumatic brain injury: €33.0. It should be noted that the revised estimate of those disorders included in the previous 2004 report constituted €477 billion, by and large confirming our previous study results after considering the inflation and population increase since 2004. Further, our results were consistent with administrative data on the health care expenditure in Europe, and comparable to previous studies on the cost of specific disorders in Europe. Our estimates were lower than comparable estimates from the US.DISCUSSION: This study was based on the best currently available data in Europe and our model enabled extrapolation to countries where no data could be found. Still, the scarcity of data is an important source of uncertainty in our estimates and may imply over- or underestimations in some disorders and countries. Even though this review included many disorders, diagnoses, age groups and cost items that were omitted in 2004, there are still remaining disorders that could not be included due to limitations in the available data. We therefore consider our estimate of the total cost of the disorders of the brain in Europe to be conservative. In terms of the health economic burden outlined in this report, disorders of the brain likely constitute the number one economic challenge for European health care, now and in the future. Data presented in this report should be considered by all stakeholder groups, including policy makers, industry and patient advocacy groups, to reconsider the current science, research and public health agenda and define a coordinated plan of action of various levels to address the associated challenges.RECOMMENDATIONS: Political action is required in light of the present high cost of disorders of the brain. Funding of brain research must be increased; care for patients with brain disorders as well as teaching at medical schools and other health related educations must be quantitatively and qualitatively improved, including psychological treatments. The current move of the pharmaceutical industry away from brain related indications must be halted and reversed. Continued research into the cost of the many disorders not included in the present study is warranted. It is essential that not only the EU but also the national governments forcefully support these initiatives.
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| 5. |
- Heshmati, Almas, et al.
(författare)
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Effective Corporate Tax Rates and the Size Distribution of Firms
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade. - : Springer. - 1566-1679 .- 1573-7012. ; 10:3-4, s. 297-317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analyze the effects of effective corporate tax rates on the size distribution of firms. In modelling this relationship we account for conditional variables as well as unobservable time and industry effects. A number of hypotheses are tested concerning heterogeneity in the impact of effective corporate tax rates on the size distributions of firms with regard to firm size class, industry and time. The results are based on data covering the whole Swedish economy for the period 1973–2002. The descriptive results suggest that effective corporate tax rates differ by firm size, industry and over time. Application of t-tests demonstrate inequality in mean and variance of effective corporate tax rates between major size classes but not within major size classes: smaller firms report a higher effective corporate tax rate than larger firms. The t-tests also demonstrate inequality in mean and variance of effective corporate tax rates between industrial sectors: service sector reports a higher effective corporate tax rate than production sector. The regressions show effective corporate tax rates to have: a negative effect on the size distribution of large firms, negative effect on transportation, financing and service sector and a positive effect on manufacturing, electricity and on production sector. We conclude that effective corporate tax rates affect the size distribution of firms as well as the composition of industries.
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| 6. |
- Svensson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Willingness to pay for private and public road safety in stated preference studies : Why the difference?
- 2010
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Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - Oxford, United Kingdom : Elsevier. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 42:4, s. 1205-1212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estimates of the willingness to pay (WTP) for a mortality risk reduction can be used to calculate the value of a statistical life, which is a major component in many economic evaluations of environmental and safety policies. Previous research on the WTP for risk reductions using stated preference methods have found that the mean WTP for public risk reductions is significantly smaller compared to the mean WTP for private risk reductions of equal magnitude. Hence, the use of a private or public scenario in stated preference studies of e.g. environmental or safety policies may strongly determine the outcome of the economic evaluation. In this paper we use a stated preference survey to show that WTP for a private risk reduction is three times higher compared to a public risk reduction and a significant part of the difference can be explained by respondents’ attitudes towards privately and publicly provided goods in general.
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| 7. |
- Jensen, Tommy, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Translating corporate codes of ethics
- 2010
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Ingår i: Corporate Social Responsibility. - Stockholm : Santérus Academic Press. - 9789173350129 ; , s. 53-70
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Mårtensson, Fredrika, et al.
(författare)
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Den nyttiga utevistelsen? Forskningsperspektiv på naturkontaktens betydelse för barns hälsa och miljöengagemang
- 2011
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna syntes är ett försök att överblicka forskning om hälsoeffekter av barns utevistelse och utelekar. De fyra forskarna bidrar med sina olika perspektiv: Mårtensson skriver om barns lek i staden och om stadsplanering. Lisberg Jensen ger ett humanekologiskt perspektiv och reder ut de olika argument som anförs för nyttan med barns utevistelse. Söderström, som är läkare, skriver om positiva och negativa hälsoeffekter av barns utevistelse. Öhman, i sin tur, ger ett pedagogiskt perspektiv och skriver om lärande och naturkontakt. Författarna har också skrivit en gemensam syntestext, där de diskuterar det komplexa ämnet barns naturkontakt.
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| 9. |
- Svensson, Mikael, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescent alcohol and illicit drug use among first- and second-generation immigrants in Sweden.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - London : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 38:2, s. 184-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article compares adolescent alcohol and illicit drug use among first- and second-generation immigrants from Nordic, non-Nordic European and non-European countries with that of the native Swedish majority population.
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| 10. |
- Krüger, Niclas A
(författare)
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The Impact of Economic Fluctuations on Crime : A Multiscale Analysis
- 2011
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Ingår i: Applied Economics Letters. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1350-4851 .- 1466-4291. ; 18:2, s. 179-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article we use a wavelet-based approach in order to analyse the periodicity in the relationship between economic fluctuations and different types of crime. All examined types of crime share seasonal behaviour with variations of real economic activity. Removing the intrayear dynamics, we find that the effect of real economic activity is different between different types of crime. We conclude that property crimes, violence crimes and sex crimes are countercyclical. The reverse is true for both alcohol/drug-related crimes and economic crimes, because there is a highly significant increase of these types of crime during economic expansions.
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