| 1. |
- During, Roel, et al.
(författare)
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Research background, theoretical framework, and methodologies for social entrepreneurship
- 2018. - 1
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Ingår i: Social entrepreneurship and social innovation. - London : Routledge. - 9780367585747 - 9781351239028 ; , s. 13-23:1, s. 13-23
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Enabling the Flourishing and Evolution of Social Entrepreneurship for Innovative and Inclusive Societies (EFESEIIS) project addressed several Innovation Union priorities on smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, which shows that it is serious about drawing up a wide range of policies relating to social entrepreneurship. European policy has focused on the related concept of social innovation. Since social entrepreneurship is a relatively new phenomenon, building both a partnership and a methodology required a great deal of attention. The cooperative methodology employed by the partnership inspired controversy, consensus, and ambivalence. European welfare systems play an important role in improving the living conditions of its citizens, most notably in the areas of childcare, health prevention services, employment services, and benefits for the elderly. The chapter discusses some ambivalences, divergences, convergences, and unifying concepts. From a methodological point of view, the EFESEIIS project is full of interesting tensions and ambivalences.
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| 2. |
- Testi, Enrico, et al.
(författare)
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An introduction to social entrepreneurship in Europe
- 2018
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Ingår i: Social Entrepreneurship and Social Innovation. - London : Routledge. - 9780815375791 - 9781351239028 ; , s. 1-12
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book discusses the main results of the Enabling the Flourishing and Evolution of Social Entrepreneurship for Innovative and Inclusive Societies (EFESEIIS) project. It also discusses the multidisciplinary approach that was adopted in the EFESEIIS project as well as the different methodologies and theoretical frameworks that were used to answer the project's main research questions. The book addresses the history and evolution of both social entrepreneurship and social enterprises (SE) in Europe. It focuses on the various features and behaviors of SEs and social entrepreneurs. The book explores the role of stakeholder and institutional networks in shaping the development of SE ecosystems in various European countries. It offers a dynamic analytical framework that will allow scholars and practitioners to better understand the ecosystem in which SEs are set while also identifying whether or not these ecosystems act as an enabling force.
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| 3. |
- Hedenborg, Susanna, et al.
(författare)
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Outdoorification of sports and recreation : a leisure transformation under the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: Annals of Leisure Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1174-5398 .- 2159-6816. ; 27:1, s. 36-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, most European countries imposed lockdowns, whereas Sweden introduced soft restrictions. Sports and physical activity could continue if conducted 'safely' and outdoor activities were even promoted if restrictions on the number of participants were not violated. The aim of this article is to demonstrate how the pandemic led to transitions and transformations of typical indoor sports activities to the outdoors and to outdoor recreation, or what we call an outdoorification process of sports and recreation, and how the changes were perceived by the population. Sweden is used as a case study. The inquiry is based on three studies involving more than 100 semi-structured interviews, two national questionnaire surveys and a regional-based PPGIS study. Based on the results, we argue that the outdoorification process is likely to influence how sport and recreation is understood and practiced also in the years after the pandemic.
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| 4. |
- Jernsand, Eva Maria, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Tourism memories : a collaborative reflection on inclusion and exclusion
- 2023
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Ingår i: Tourism Recreation Resarch. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0250-8281 .- 2320-0308. ; 48:6, s. 820-830
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to explore how people’s differentiated privileged and marginalised positions in society create instances of inclusion and exclusion in tourism. Eight authors utilised their diverse disciplinary and theoretical bases to engage in individual autoethnography and collaborative reflections of their personal experiences of being tourists and hosts. Through our Western and non-Western, White and non-White experiences, we reveal experiences from a multitude of perspectives, and problematise the dominant White racial frame. The methodology illustrates unquestioned privileges and feelings of discomfort when personally faced with exclusionary practices and creates an understanding of how individuals have different experiences of enchantment and the tourist gaze. The experience of marginalisation is serial and dialectical, which illustrates the complexity of tourism. The paper contributes to an enhanced and multifaceted understanding of tourism experiences and proposes measures to reveal issues of exclusion. Also, the use of autoethnography and collaborative reflection as methodological tools provide opportunities for researchers and practitioners to engage in reflexive conversation on discriminatory practices, and how they hinder certain individuals and groups from enjoying tourism products and services.
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| 5. |
- Ahonen, Aila, et al.
(författare)
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Social Entrepreneurship and Corporate Social Responsibility in Team Sport Clubs : Two Cases from Sweden and Finland
- 2020. - 1
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Ingår i: Sport Entrepreneurship and Public Policy. - Cham : Springer Nature. - 9783030294571 - 9783030294588 ; , s. 7-21
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small and large sport clubs, in big cities or in the countryside, need to respond to external pressures created by social, financial and environmental factors. These pressures may come from the commercial environment, communities, national governing bodies, or political stakeholders. This chapter introduces the reader to the current pressures faced by Nordic sport clubs and the entrepreneurs’ role in the clubs’ development through the lens of entrepreneurship, and especially social entrepreneurship. This chapter addresses the role of the entrepreneur in relation to the triple bottom line of corporate social responsibility (CSR)—economy, environment, and society—in the context of Finnish and Swedish team sport clubs by using two football clubs as examples.
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| 6. |
- Baglioni, Simone, et al.
(författare)
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The rise of social enterprises and social entrepreneurship in Western Europe
- 2018. - 1
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Ingår i: Social entrepreneurship and social innovation. - London : Routledge. - 9780815375791 - 9781351239028 ; , s. 24-37:1, s. 24-37
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter discusses the mutual interests of social enterprises (SEs)/social entrepreneurs and neo-liberal policy-makers/stakeholders. It offers a brief historical discussion of the evolution of SEs in Western Europe from the nineteenth century to the 1970s. The chapter focuses on how these institutions changed from 1980 to the present. It also focuses on the role political institutions at all levels played in reshaping the sector. The chapter discusses the connections between SEs and market forces, and how these connections produced dramatic changes. It addresses how our cross-temporal analysis can help understand contemporary SEs and welfare regimes. The chapter describes the historical evolution of solidarity in the context of the sweeping changes that have been made to various welfare regimes. It provides a fair assessment of the evolution and growth of the welfare sector across Europe, as well as how these predecessors have affected current SEs.
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| 7. |
- Berglund, Karin, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Ethnographic approaches to entrepreneurship and small business research : What lessons can we learn?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Handbook of Research Methods and Applications in Small Business and Entrepreneurship. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9780857935052 - 9780857935045 ; , s. 201-227
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Professor Paul Reynolds said in a speech that entrepreneurs quickly learn how to tell the polished stories about their journeys when they are asked by researchers and journalists about what they have done and achieved. The notion of polished stories is also recognized byWilliam Gartner (2007) in a special issue on narrative, reflecting upon the fact that he can name dozens of entrepreneurs, and he has several logico-scientific descriptions, explanations, categories, concepts and hypotheses about entrepreneurs, but he cannot say much about their stories. Consequently, it has been argued that the field of entrepreneurship studies needs new concepts if it is to take seriously the ambition to understand entrepreneurs, entrepreneurship and entrepreneuring (e.g. Hjorth et al., 2003; Johannisson, 2011; Steyaert, 2007; Gartner, 2007; Huse and Landström, 1997). In this chapter we will show how entrepreneurship and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can be researched through the ethnographic method, focusing on understanding the social context of a certain phenomenon or person. Specifically, four ethnographic studies are introduced, which will be discussed as themes: context; the role of the researcher; the research process; and lessons learned.
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| 8. |
- Persson, H. Thomas R., et al.
(författare)
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Concluding remarks on social entrepreneurship in Europe
- 2018. - 1
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Ingår i: Social entrepreneurship and social innovation. - London : Routledge. - 9780815375791 ; , s. 200-208:1, s. 200-208
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter summarizes the development of social enterprises (SE) and their ecosystems in Europe. It provides the nature of social entrepreneurship and SEs. The chapter focuses on some of the policy implications and offers suggestions on how to improve the study of social entrepreneurship, SEs, and social innovation. The neoliberal turn initiated during the 1980s still shapes the manner in which many European welfare regimes try to reinvent themselves. The chapter shows that Albania, Austria, France, Poland, and Serbia have statist-macro ecosystems, due to the predominance of state institutions in delivering support to the SE ecosystem. SEs operate in different sectors, they take on different legal forms, their capacity to remain and stay compatible in the market differ, and they are often dependent on external funding. Social innovation, another context-dependent phenomenon, often involves actions, frameworks, models, systems, processes, services, rules, organizational forms, and sometimes products.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Bjärsholm, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Ethical considerations in researching sport and social entrepreneurship
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal for Sport and Society. - : Routledge. - 1613-8171 .- 2380-5919. ; 15:3, s. 216-233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article is to discuss ethical dilemmas that occur in doing research on social entrepreneurial sport ventures. Three cases that highlight ethical dilemmas in research on social entrepreneurship and sport are presented and ethically reflected upon. The data comprise interviews with representatives, field notes from observations and analyses of documents concerning the ventures. Three things make research in this area extra problematic: first, ‘social good’ in social entrepreneurship and sport implies a normative perspective. It is permeated by ideology and ethics. Second, what is considered as ‘social good’ may differ between sectors of society as the entrepreneur crosses boundaries. What is valid as a resource and capital in one sector might not be so in another one, and what is legal within one sector may be illegal in another. Third, social entrepreneurs may have their own intentions with regard to participating in research, which may challenge our credibility as researchers. Therefore, we need, as professionals, to take a step back and be both critical of our work and make this criticism visible, which is to some extent what we are doing by writing this article.
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