| 1. |
- Håkansson, Peter Gladoic, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
-
Running out of time : Using job ads to analyse the demand for messengers in the twentieth century
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Economic History Review. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0358-5522 .- 1750-2837. ; , s. 1-20
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Youth labour remained important well into the twentieth century, although it is often elusive in traditional sources. In this article, we investigate messengers – a category of occupational titles, including errand and office boys, which is thought of as youth jobs. We sketch the long-term development of the occupation by making use of digitised Swedish daily newspapers and discuss demand-side, supply-side and institutional factors for the disappearance of the occupation. Our investigation suggests that the messenger jobs reached their peak around 1945 and thereafter decreased to low levels in the 1960s. We find that employers looking for messengers were large organisations that needed in-house help with deliveries and simple office tasks. These employers originally aimed at young men aged 15–17 years. The minimum age requirement was not loosened over time; instead, employers began to announce for older workers. We interpret this as employers’ adapting to a situation where the supply of young messengers had decreased. Employers made their ads appealing by emphasising good working conditions and career prospects, indicating that there was still a demand for messengers despite the changing times.
|
|
| 2. |
- Qi, Haodong, et al.
(författare)
-
Extending Working Life : Experiences from Sweden, 1981–2011
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Vienna Yearbook of Population Research. - : Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. - 1728-4414 .- 1728-5305. ; 17, s. 99-120
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Population ageing is making it increasingly difficult for countries to sustain theircurrent levels social welfare transfers from the economically active populationto the dependent elderly. To meet this challenge, the Swedish government hasimplemented various reforms since the 1990s aimed at reducing incentives totake early retirement. However, a critical question has emerged in response tothese reforms: namely, whether members of certain socially and demographicallydisadvantaged groups will, in practice, be able to work longer. This paper providesa detailed overview of retirement trends in Sweden, disaggregated by educationalattainment, health status, and country of birth. Our results show that the growthpattern in the average effective retirement age since the mid-1990s was shared byindividuals regardless of their educational level, health status, or country of birth.This shared growth pattern suggests that it is possible to extend the working livesof all groups of individuals, regardless of their socio-economic and demographiccharacteristics.
|
|
| 3. |
- Listerborn, Carina, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
Rätten till bostad eller kris i bostadsfrågan
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Bortom systemskiftet. - Stockholm : Verbal förlag. - 9789189155916 ; , s. 483-515
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Systemskiftet har haft ett stort genomslag när det kommer till bostadsmarknaden och bostadspolitiken. Transformationerna har varit omfattande vad gäller den avregleringen av bostadstadssektorn och det offentligas roll, med ett närmast absolut tillbakadragande från statens sida. Det finns i dagsläget ingen vare sig offentlig eller privat instans som tar ansvar för de bostadssociala frågorna på statlig nivå, medan manöverutrymmet är begränsat för kommunerna. Samtidigt som stat och kommun kapitulerar i sitt sociala ansvar ökar bostadsojämlikheten och krisen för de som efterfrågar bostäder till rimliga priser intensifieras. Den allmännyttiga hyresrätten, som historiskt varit arbetarklassens viktigaste marknad, har försvagats och beståndet har till och med minskat i antal från systemskiftets början i tidigt 1990-tal.
|
|
| 4. |
- Mangold, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
Increased rent misspent? : How ownership matters for renovation and rent increases in rental housing in Sweden
- 2023
-
Ingår i: International journal of housing policy. - : Routledge. - 1949-1247 .- 1949-1255.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Renovations of the housing rental stock have become a political concern since they have been claimed to drive gentrification and affect tenants’ everyday lives as well as long-term housing conditions. Furthermore, new actors have entered the market, partly as a result of high supply on the international capital markets creating a flow of capital into market segments. This has led to a critique of private equity in the housing sector, and raised the question of the extent to which ownership of the rental stock matters for housing affordability. Yet there seems to be little systematic research on this topic. This study uses a unique dataset covering the entire rental housing stock in Sweden to address whether there are differences in renovation investments between different ownership groups. The purpose of this article is to increase understanding of how ownership affects renovation processes, and specifically to analyse to what extent, and how, private and public actors differ in renovation and rent setting decisions. Our results demonstrate that public housing companies raised rents less and renovated more, particularly in the lower-income segments of the multi-family building stock between 2014 and 2020. © 2023 The Author(s).
|
|
| 5. |
- Håkansson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Getting a job when times are bad : recruitment practices in Sweden before, during and after the Great Recession
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Economic History Review. - : Routledge. - 0358-5522 .- 1750-2837. ; 67:2, s. 132-153
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on recruitment shows that networks matter and are effective as search channels. The aim of this article is to analyse how recruitment practices varies over time, and specifically, how it has varied before, during, and after the Great Recession 2008–2009. The findings are that recruitment practices change both in the short term, in relation to labour supply, which we can call a cyclical effect, but also in accordance to a long-term, structural effects. Informal recruitment practices, such as recruitment through ‘friends and acquaintances’ and ‘employer made contact’, seem to increase during bad times. In the long run, the recruitment practices ‘direct application’, ‘friends and acquaintances’ and ‘formal private’ increase in relation to recruitment through the Swedish Public Employment Agency (SPEA). A reason for this may be that the labour market in the new knowledge economy demands a heterogenic workforce with high demands on non-cognitive skills and customisation. Here the new network recruitment practices seem to fit in.
|
|
| 6. |
- Karpestam, Peter, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
Rural boys, urban girls? : The mystery of the diminishing urban-rural gender gap in Sweden
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Rural Studies. - : Elsevier. - 0743-0167 .- 1873-1392. ; 86, s. 282-297
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, there have been a surplus of men in rural areas and a surplus of women in urban areas for decades. However, the relative difference between rural and urban areas have decreased for about 70 years between the 1930s and the new millennium. We use two approaches to understand the decreasing regional gender gaps: 1. we decompose regional gender balance changes into the main components of population growth/decline i.e international net migration, internal net migration and net births. 2. We employ individual register data, estimate multinomial regressions every year 1991–2016 and analyse how the relationship between gender and the probability of moving from rural areas develops over time. We estimate separate regressions for Swedish-born and foreign-born. After controlling for traditional explanatory variables, we interpret the dichotomous gender variable as a measure of “gender norms”. The question is if we can spot gender norm trends that can help explain the decreasing regional gender gaps over time. We find that the development of net birth rates in rural areas explains the decreased gender gap between rural and urban areas since 1968 while net immigration and net internal migration have rather contributed to increasing regional gender gaps. Despite this, the multinomial regressions do not support changing relationships between gender and the probability to out-migrate from rural areas after 1990 for the Swedish-born. For foreign-born, we find evidence of decreased gender differences regarding the probability to leave rural areas. This contributes to an increased surplus of rural men because foreign-born men have an increased probability to stay in rural municipalities in comparison to women. In sum, we do not find that changing gender norms, for Swedish-born or foreign-born, can explain the decreasing gender gaps between rural and urban areas. In fact, for the foreign-born, we find the opposite.
|
|
| 7. |
- Brunnström, Pål, Doktor, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Migration and housing regimes in Sweden 1739–1982
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of History. - : Routledge. - 0346-8755 .- 1502-7716. ; 46:3, s. 353-382
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article aims to analyse the changes in migration regimes in Sweden over the period 1739–1982. We have chosen to divide this into four periods where each is characterized as a specific regime: the pre-industrial period (1739–1860), the laissez faire period (1860–1932), the rising ambitions period (1932–1951) and the Rehn-Meidner period (1951–1982). These four periods reveal different approaches held by the state regarding labour migration and housing. During the pre-industrial period, rules and regulations hindered mobility and aimed to keep the labour force in agriculture. During the laissez faire period, migration increased, but construction and housing was largely left to the market. During the rising ambitions period, a laissez faire approach was maintained towards migration, but both the government and non-profit organizations became increasingly involved in housing. During the Rehn-Meidner period, internal migration was stimulated, and in the course of ten years, one million homes were built with government support. The differences between the periods are not clear-cut. There were dual and contradictory ideas and policies during each period. This duality provides an important theoretical starting point for this study. Other significant starting points are the long-term perspective taken and the idea that these periods can be analysed as regimes.
|
|
| 8. |
- Olsson, Lars, 1945-
(författare)
-
Capital, Market, and Labour in the Western Cape Winelands c.1900 : Agricultural Capitalism?
- 2018
-
Ingår i: International Review of Social History. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0020-8590 .- 1469-512X. ; 63:1, s. 29-61
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article is a case study of the political economy of the Western Cape Winelands c.1900. The analysis covers three intertwined processes that were crucial for the advance of a capitalist mode of production: the making of capital, the making of a commodity market, and the making of a labouring class. The making of capital was achieved after the mid-1800s. However, even at the end of the century, the market for Cape wines and the making of a labouring class remained obstacles to the advance of capitalism. Some wealthy farm owners, though, were about to overcome these obstacles. A small group of them were of old Afrikaner origin, while others, mostly investor capitalists of British origin, were quite successful in establishing a capitalist mode of production on their wine farms. In particular, drawing on a vast array of primary sources, we discuss the many labour recruitment programmes that were organized as private and state initiatives.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Helgertz, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
Naturalization and Earnings: A Denmark-Sweden Comparison
- 2014
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Population. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0168-6577 .- 1572-9885. ; 30:3, s. 337-359
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The determinants and consequences of the naturalization of immigrants is a hot topic in the political debate in Europe. This article compares the effect of naturalization on the income attainment of immigrants in two Scandinavian countries, Denmark and Sweden, using longitudinal register data from 1986 and onward. Sweden is characterized by low obstacles to naturalization, and existing studies provide inconclusive evidence regarding the impact of naturalization on labor market outcomes. Denmark is instead characterized by higher barriers to naturalization, as well as a virtual inexistence of previous studies on the topic. Results, obtained through individual fixed-effect regression analysis, suggest similar effects in both countries. A consistent naturalization premium is detected for immigrants of Asian and African descent, but not for any other immigrant group. The similarity across contexts arguably questions the use of more stringent naturalization laws to promote the economic integration of immigrants.
|
|
