| 1. |
- Aggerholm, K., et al.
(författare)
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On practising in physical education : outline for a pedagogical model.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1740-8989 .- 1742-5786. ; 23:2, s. 197-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Models-based approaches to physical education have in recent years developed as a way for teachers and students to concentrate on a manageable number of learning objectives, and align pedagogical approaches with learning subject matter and context. This paper draws on Hannah Arendt’s account ofvita activato map existing approaches to physical education as oriented towards: (a) health and exercise, (b) sport and games, and (c) experience and exploration.Purpose: The aim of the paper is to outline a new pedagogical model for physical education:a practising model. We argue that the form of human activity related to practising is not well represented in existing orientations and models. To sustain this argument, we highlight the most central aspects of practising, and at the same time describe central features of the model.Relevance and implications: The paper addresses pedagogical implications the practising model has for physical education teachers. Central learning outcomes and teaching strategies related to four essential and ‘non-negotiable’ features of the practising model are discussed. These strategies are: (1) acknowledging subjectivity and providing meaningful challenges, (2) focusing on content and the aims of practising, (3) specifying and negotiating standards of excellence and (4) providing adequate time to practising.Conclusion: The practising model has the potential to inform new perspectives on pedagogical approaches, and renew and improve working methods and learning practices, in physical education.
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| 2. |
- Barker, Dean, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Developing the practising model in physical education : an expository outline focusing on movement capability.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1740-8989 .- 1742-5786. ; 23:2, s. 209-221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Physical educators currently have a number of pedagogical (or curricular) models at their disposal. While existing models have been well-received in educational contexts, these models seek to extend students’ capacities within a limited number of ‘human activities’ (Arendt, 1958). The activity of human practising, which is concerned with the improvement of the self, is not explicitly dealt with by current models.Purpose: The aim of the paper is to outline how a model of human practising related to movement capability could be enacted in physical education.Findings: Building on a theoretical exposition of human practising presented in a separate paper, this paper provides a practically oriented discussion related to: (1) the general learning outcomes as well as teaching and learning strategies of the model; (2) an outline of five activities that describe how the model could be implemented; and (3) the non-negotiable features of the model.Discussion: The model’s potential contribution to the ongoing revitalization of PE as an institutionalized educational practice is discussed. Points concerning how the model relates to wider physical cultures, its position regarding transfer of learning, standards of excellence, and social and cultural transmission are considered.Conclusion: The paper is concluded with some reflections on pedagogical models generally and how they relate to the pedagogical model of practising movement capability presented in this paper.
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| 3. |
- Meckbach, Jane, et al.
(författare)
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Exergames som läromedel i Idrott och hälsa?
- 2013
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Ingår i: SVEBIs konferens 2013.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- TV-spel, så kallade exergames, där kroppsrörelse är i fokus har under senare år ökat i popularitet. Kan detta spel användas i undervisningen i idrott och hälsa? I denna artikel presenteras lärares uppfattning om och inställning till exergames. Bakgrunden till denna studie är att en ny typ av TV-spel (exergames) har trätt in på marknaden, t. ex. Wii sports, Dance Dance Revolution, Your Shape. I dessa spel utgör fysiska aktiviteter och kroppsrörelser det centrala inslaget och utförs genom användandet av balansplattor, step-up brädor, motionscyklar, dansmattor eller genom att en handkontroll används som racket vid exempelvis tennisspelande. Under de senaste åren har spelen i allt större utsträckning lyfts fram i flera länder, t. ex. England, Kanada, Australien och USA, som en möjlig aktivitet att använda i skolans undervisning i idrott och hälsa.Avsikten med forskningsprojektet TV-spel som hälsofostran är att studera spelen i termer av dess utbildningsvärde. I denna studie är syftet att beskriva svenska lärares uppfattning om och användning av exergames i idrott och hälsa samt de hinder och motiv som finns med att använda spelen i undervisningen utifrån en enkätstudie. Ett första led i detta projekt var att presentera projektet i tidskriften Idrott & Hälsa under hösten 2011. Till detta nummer av tidskriften bifogades även en enkät, som vände sig till lärare i idrott och hälsa i både grund- och gymnasieskolan. Enkäterna nådde med andra ord de som prenumererar på tidningen och de som tar del av tidningen i landets samtliga skolor. Enkätsvaren har kodats och förts in i statistikprogrammet SPSS och därefter har den statistiska bearbetningen, tabeller och analyser genomförts i nämnda program. I huvudsak använder vi oss av deskriptiv data och korstabellsanalyser i resultaten.Totalt har enkäten besvarats av 493 lärare (40% män 60% kvinnor), vilket motsvarar 10 procent av samtliga lärare i idrott och hälsa. Nästan 80% av lärarna var bekanta med spelen Nintendo Wii, Kinect eller Move. Var sjätte lärare spelade själva på fritiden och 17 lärare (3%) hade provat på att använda exergames i sin undervisning; som en valbar aktivitet, stationsträning, ett moment där hela klassen deltog framför en skärm, en möjlighet för elever som ej vill delta i storklass eller för elever med funktionsnedsättning. Hinder för att använda spelen är:att spelen kostar för mycket men också att lärarna själva har för dåliga kunskaper om spelen samt att de prioriterar andra aktiviteter. Det främsta motivet till att använda spelen i undervisningen är att spelen har ganska eller stora möjligheter att stimulerar eleverna till fysisk aktivitet.Vid analysen av resultaten framkommer att majoriteten har en positiv inställning till spelen, dock behöver troligtvis lärarnas egna kunskaper om spelen öka för att möjliggöra en implementering av ett nytt läromedel inom ämnet idrott och hälsa. För lärare handlar undervisningssituationer om att planera, genomföra och följa upp undervisningen. Det handlar således om att göra urval av olika lärsituationer med stöd av olika läromedel och till detta krävs en didaktisk reflektion. Forskning kan här bidra med att problematisera användandet av exergames som läromedel för att visa på om och i så fall hur spelen kan användas i en lärsituation. Det centrala vid införandet av alla läromedel i skolan är således dess utbildningsvärde, och inte som en del forskning framhåller dess värde för individers energiförbrukning.Quennerstedt, M. et.al. (in review). Why do Wii teach physical education in school?Meckbach, J. et al. (in review). Exergames as a teaching tool in physical education?
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| 4. |
- Tidén, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Development and Initial Validation of the NyTid Test : A Movement Assessment Tool for Compulsory School Pupils.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science. - : Routledge. - 1091-367X .- 1532-7841. ; 19:1, s. 34-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study presents the development process and initial validation of the NyTid test, a process-oriented movement assessment tool for compulsory school pupils. A sample of 1,260 (627 girls and 633 boys; mean age of 14.39) Swedish school children participated in the study. In the first step, exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) were performed in Sample 1, consisting of one third of the participants. The EFA indicated that the 17 skills in the test could be reduced to 12 and divided into four factors. In the second step, the suggested factor structure was cross-validated with confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) in the larger Sample 2. The NyTid test adopts a holistic perspective in which qualitative criteria offer an alternative approach to product-oriented measurement. The study confirms that the NyTid test is a valid process-oriented assessment tool designed for typically developed children aged 12 and 16. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
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| 5. |
- Barker, Dean, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Inter-student interactions and student learning in health and physical education: a post-Vygotskian analysis
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy. - Oxfordshire, United Kingdom : Routledge. - 1740-8989 .- 1742-5786. ; 20:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Group work is often used in Physical Education (and Health – HPE). In this paper, we propose that despite: (1) its widespread use; (2) advances surrounding HPE models that utilize group strategies; and (3) a significant amount of literature dealing with group work in other school subjects, we do not have a particularly good theoretical understanding of group learning in HPE. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to propose one way of conceptualizing individual learning in peer interaction based on three tenets of post-Vygotskian theory that relate to the zone of proximal development (ZPD); namely that in learning situations: (i) group members engage in shared communication; (ii) expert–novice relationships can develop and change during group activities and (iii) constructing knowledge can be thought of as reaching agreement. Participants and setting: Empirical material was generated with eight different HPE classes in lower and upper secondary schools in Sweden. Schools were selected in a way that maximized variation and were distributed across four geographic locations with varying sizes and types of communities. Data collection: Observational material was produced at each of the sites with the use of two cameras: one stationary and the other mobile. Stationary filming maintained a wide-angled focus and captured the entire class. Mobile filming focused on different groups working within the classes. During mobile filming, between two and five students were generally in the frame and filming was directed at sequences in which a group of students worked together on a specific task. Data analysis: Analysis of the data focused on two kinds of incidents. The first comprised a sequence in which two or more students were interacting to complete a task which they could not immediately do and were engaged in collective signification by talking about or doing the activity in mutually compatible ways. These conditions were sufficient in our view to signal the creation of a ZPD. The second kind of incident fulfilled the first criteria but not the second – i.e. the students were interacting but not in mutually compatible ways. Findings: A post-Vygotskian interpretation of three group work sequences draws attention to: (i) the flexible and fluid nature of ‘expertness’ as it exists within groups; (ii) the unpredictable nature of member interactions and (iii) the challenging role that teachers occupy while trying to facilitate group work. Conclusion: Such an interpretation contributes to a growing understanding of group work and helps HPE practitioners to make the most of a teaching strategy which is already used widely in schools.
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| 6. |
- Quennerstedt, Mikael, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Why do Wii teach physical education in school?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Swedish Journal of Sport Research. - : Swedish Association for behacioural and social research in sport. - 2001-6018 .- 2001-9475. ; 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Videogames including bodily movement have recently been promoted as tools to be used in school to encourage young people to be more physically active.The purpose of this systematic review has been to explore the arguments for and against using exergames in school settings and thus facilitate new insights into this field. Most of the arguments for and/or against these of exergames can be organised in relation to health and sport. In relation to health, the dominant theme is about fitness and obesity. In relation to sport, the two main themes were skill acquisition, and exergames as an alternative to traditional PE. Theidea why Wii teach PE in schools is that children are becoming more obese, which in turn threatens the health of the population. Schools seem to be an appropriate arena for this intervention, and by using exergames as an energy consuming and enjoyable physical activity a behaviour modification and the establishment of good healthy habits is argued to be achieved
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| 7. |
- Engdahl, Christopher, et al.
(författare)
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Free but not free-free’: teaching creative aspects of dance in physical education teacher education
- 2023
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Ingår i: Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1740-8989 .- 1742-5786. ; 28:6, s. 617-629
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a global consensus that stimulating and fostering children’s creativity in education is crucial. Addressing creativity has become an imperative in educational policies and in school curricula internationally. School-based physical education (PE), and specifically the teaching area of dance, has been identified as an important pedagogical setting within which to develop creativity. Existing studies have suggested, however, that dance is seldom taught in PE in ways that acknowledge creative aspects of movement learning. Scholars have claimed that teaching pre-arranged dances with predetermined movement outcomes dominate dance teaching in PE. Furthermore, studies have asserted that the overarching regulative principles of PE and PETE that privilege sport skills and physical exercise hinder creative movement learning. Still, dance teaching is frequently seen as part of expressive dance teaching in PE and PETE and is regarded as holding potential in the area of education for creativity. Little scholarly attention has been given to how teacher educators approach creative aspects in dance teaching. Purpose This article aims to create insights into how PETE teacher educators understand and work with creative aspects of dance in their educational practice. Method and theory To address our aim, we investigate how teacher educators describe their teaching of creative aspects of dance. To do this, empirical material was generated through qualitative interviews with PE teacher educators from each of the PETE institutions in Sweden. The theoretical concepts of smooth and striated spaces and experimentation by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari were used to guide the analysis of how the PETE educators described their teaching of creative aspects of dance. Deleuze and Guattari developed a framework that concerned questions of creativity and newness. Despite this conceptual framework having not yet been used in dance education in PE and PETE, their writing fits well when analysing questions of creativity in an educational context. Findings We identified three major themes relating to creativity in the empirical material: (a) creative aspects of expressive dance; (b) challenges that teacher educators face when introducing movement exploration in expressive dance to their students, and; (c) the teacher educators’ pedagogical work with students. Discussion The results of this study show that teaching expressive dance can take teaching in PE and PETE in new directions. The results provide insights into alternative ways of teaching in these educational settings that can counter the dominant ways of teaching dance. Results suggest that teacher educators operate in various striated spaces that are shaped by expectations and conventions. In such spaces, the educators aim to create momentary passages of smoothening that open up for experimentation and the development of students’ creativity. The results also suggest that expressive dance in PE and PETE emphasizes creative movement learning through which students learn to operate within new and unpredictable situations.
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| 8. |
- Almqvist, Jonas, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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What do Wii teach in PE?
- 2012
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Ingår i: ECER 2012, The Need for Educational Research to Champion Freedom, Education and Development for All.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In society, video- and computer games are often pointed out as risk factors in relation to physical inactivity, sedentary behaviour as well as increasing levels of obesity. At the same time, computers are an important source of knowledge where IT-competence and IT-experience provide pronounced advantages in society.In the middle of this paradox a new type of videogames is introduced, where body movement and physical activity constitute the central element. These games, so called exergames or active video games, are games where physical movement is involved in the game through the use of for example balance-boards, step-up boards and dance-pads. Exergames are now more and more put forward in several countries as interesting tools to use in physical education in order to stimulate young people to be physically active.In a recent review and synthesis of research on video games and health, Papastergiou (2009) strongly argues that videogames can offer ”potential benefits as educational tools for Health Education and Physical Education, and that those games may improve young people’s knowledge, skills, attitudes and behaviours in relation to health and physical exercise” (Papastergiou, 2009, p 603). However, Vander Schee and Boyles (2010) argue that exergames rather should be seen as a body pedagogy producing certain narrow meanings about health, and that the uncritical implementation of exergames in school is a problematic way to place commercial products in school. Consequently, there are differences in views regarding exergames in educational settings that are worth paying attention to in research about people’s learning about the body, physical activity and health.The aim of this paper is to investigate how images of the human body are expected to be learned when using exergames.The use of artifacts – physical objects made by humans – is a central part of human life. In fact, there are many activities that would not be possible to perform without the use of them. In schools, students learn to use paper and pencils, computers, vaulting-horses, footballs and so on. How and why artifacts are supposed to be used in educational settings is however not given beforehand (Cuban 1986). The use of artifacts mediates certain meanings about the view of learning and the goals and choices of content in education (Almqvist 2005, Quennerstedt et al in press).In this paper, we will use discourse analytical strategies in order to analyse how meanings about the body are expected to be learned when playing exergames. The discourse analytical strategies involve an interest in how processes of discourse constitute how we experience or relate to ourselves as well as our environment (Laclau & Mouffe 1985). Discourses constitute what is possible to say or do as partial and temporal fixations (Foucault 1980). These fixations are imbued with power, values and ideologies. As Evans and colleagues argue: “/…/ health beliefs, perceptions and definitions of illness are constructed, represented and reproduced through language that is culturally specific, ideologically laden and never value free” (Evans et al 2008 p 46).To investigate what these games offer we have explored the manuals, the content, the animations of the games as well as the instructions and comments offered during game play. The empirical material consists of exergames most commonly used in schools: Wii fit and Wii sports (sports active).In the discourse analysis we have explored what is taken for granted in the empirical material in relation to other possible ways to argue. In this way we can explore what is included and excluded in the games and what is possible to think and act in relation to statements concerning the body.The analysis shows how the logic of the game, its animations, instructions and feedback to the player, constitutes the ideal body as a physically active, well-balanced, slim and strong body. The use of the game, the balance board and the hand control, makes it possible to measure and register how the player follows this logic. The analysis also shows how the way the player is supposed to learn about the body is strongly influenced by behaviorism. In the paper we argue that this way of learning about the body is narrow and limited and that it is important to critically discuss the effects of the use of these games in schools.ReferencesAlmqvist, Jonas (2005). Learning and artefacts. On the use of information technology in educational settings. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis.Cuban, Larry (1986). Teachers and machines. The classroom use of technology since 1920. New York: Teachers College Press.Evans, John, Rich Emma & Davies Bryan (2008). Education, disordered eating and obesity discourse: Fat fabrications. London: RoutledgeFoucault, Michel (1980). Power/knowledge. Selected interviews & other writings 1972-1977. New York: Pantheon Books.Laclau, Ernesto & Mouffe, Chantal (1985). Hegemony and socialist strategy. Towards a radical democratic politics. London: Verso.Papastergiou, Marina (2009). Exploring the potential of computer and video games for health and physical education: A literature review. Computers & Education, 53(3), 603-622.Quennerstedt, Mikael, Almqvist, Jonas & Öhman, Marie (in press). Keep your eye on the ball. Investigating artifacts in physical education. Interchange.Vander Schee, Carolyn J. & Boyles, Deron (2010): ‘Exergaming,’ corporate interests and the crisis discourse of childhood obesity. Sport, Education and Society, 15(2), 169-185.
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| 9. |
- Quennerstedt, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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What did they learn in school today? : A method for exploring aspects of learning in physical education.
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Physical Education Review. - London : Sage Publications. - 1356-336X .- 1741-2749. ; 20:2, s. 282-302
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper outlines a method for exploring learning in educational practice. The suggested method combines an explicit learning theory with robust methodological steps in order to explore aspects of learning in school physical education. The design of the study is based on sociocultural learning theory, and the approach adds to previous research within the field, both in terms of the combination of methods used and the claims made in our studies. The paper describes a way of collecting and analysing the retrieved data and discusses and illustrates the results of a study using this combination of explicit learning theory and robust methodological steps.
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| 10. |
- Meckbach, Jane, et al.
(författare)
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Wii Teach Movement Qualities in Physical Education
- 2014
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Ingår i: Sport Science Review. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 2066-8732 .- 2069-7244. ; 23:5-6, s. 241-266
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, the PE curriculum states that students are expected to develop a number of abilities, a variety of movement activities and qualities. Interesting to explore is then if exergames (video games that includes physical activity) can be seen as a teaching resource to learn different movement’s qualities. With a new teaching tool that has been introduced in education and new policy documents emphasising development of different movement qualities, the purpose of this article is accordingly to investigate students’ use of different movement qualities when playing various exergames during PE. For this we use a version of Laban Movement Analysis (LMA) adapted for exploring exergames in PE practice. The empirical data include video-recordings from PE lessons. The games offered were of three different characters; sports games, exercise games and dance games. We are inspired by the LMA framework and explore students’ movement qualities on the basis of four aspects; body, effort, space and relations. Further, with socio-cultural learning theory, recognition of artefacts, other people and the offered content of the exergames are also involved in the analysis. Our findings show that exergames are creating opportunities for PE teachers and students to pay attention to different movement qualities. In PE the player is accordingly involved in a complex context of movement qualities, interacting with the game and with other students.
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