| 1. |
- Ericson, Marika, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
Covid-19 i Sverige : Rättsliga perspektiv på krisberedskap och de åtgärder som vidtagits för att hantera pandemin
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Svensk Juristtidning. - Uppsala : Iustus förlag. - 0039-6591. ; :10, s. 1080-1097
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- I denna artikel presenterar vi några av de rättsliga åtgärder som vidtagits av lagstiftare, regering och myndigheter under pandemin och sätter dem i ett konstitutionellt och förvaltningskulturellt sammanhang. Artikeln inleds med en genomgång och analys av vissa ingripande rättsliga åtgärder av klassisk smittskyddskaraktär, exempelvis förbud mot folksamlingar, stängning av skolor och andra verksamheter och liknande. Däremot tar vi inte upp åtgärder av stödjande karaktär, exempelvis olika former av ekonomiskt stöd såsom permitteringsstöd, anstånd med skatter och dylikt. Efter detta går vi igenom vissa grundläggande skillnader mellan regelverket för totalförsvar och krisberedskap och beskriver krisberedskapssystemet något mer i detalj. Slutligen betraktar vi Covid-19 ur systemperspektivet och drar slutsatser inför framtiden.
|
|
| 2. |
- Ávila-Zúñiga Nordfjeld, Adriana, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
Proposing a Mathematical Dynamic Model to Develop a National Maritime Security Assessment and Build a National Maritime Security Plan
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Maritime Research. - : Universidad de Cantabria. - 1697-4840 .- 1697-9133. ; 20:3, s. 123-132
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A proper assessment of maritime security risks at the national level is crucial to a national maritime security plan (NMSP) in order to secure the concerned country’s ports, vessels and territorial sea. Thus, the importance of implementing a national maritime security assessment (NMSA) to counter security threats and ensure the continuity of national and international trade. The most important set of international regulations concerning maritime security is the International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code, which includes revision, approval and control of compliance of the Port Facility Security Plan (PFSP), which shall be based upon the Port Facility Security Assessment (PFSA). This paper proposes a mathematical dynamic model that calculates in real time the residual risk for the whole country and each of its ports by adapting and expanding the formula and procedures established in the Code, which since it has already been implemented around the world, gives the opportunity to take advantage of this quantitative solution to administrate maritime security risks on a nation-wide basis and create an effective national maritime security plan, which would allow the concerned authorities to improve situational awareness and adapt to security changes through a better planning of human, economic and material resources to deter security threats. The model was tested with the use of five encoded categories as countries, each of them with three ports, which encompassed three port facilities. The results indicate that this methodology is easy to implement and widespread use of that model could strength robustness in national security.
|
|
| 3. |
-
Honest Errors? Combat Decision-Making 75 Years After the Hostage Case
- 2023
-
Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- This book marks the 75th anniversary of the 1948 Hostage Case in which a US military tribunal in Nuremberg acquitted General Lothar Rendulic of devastating Northern Norway on account of his honest factual error. The volume critically reappraises the law and facts underlying his trial, the no second-guessing rule in customary international humanitarian law (IHL) that is named after the general himself, and the assessment of modern battlefield decisions.Using recently discovered documents, this volume casts major doubts on Rendulic’s claim that he considered the region’s total devastation and the forcible evacuation of all of its inhabitants imperatively demanded by military necessity at the time. This book’s analysis of archival and court records reveals how the tribunal failed to examine relevant facts or explain the Rendulic Rule’s legal origin. This anthology shows that, despite the Hostage Case’s ambiguity and occasional suggestions to the contrary, objective reasonableness forms part of the reasonable commander test under IHL and the mistake of fact defence under international criminal law (ICL) to which the rule has given rise. This collection also identifies modern warfare’s characteristics—human judgment, de-empathetic battlespace, and institutional bias—that may make it problematic to deem some errors both honest and reasonable. The Rendulic Rule embodies an otherwise firmly established admonition against judging contentious battlefield decisions with hindsight. Nevertheless, it was born of a factually ill-suited case and continues to raise significant legal as well as ethical challenges today.The most comprehensive study of the Rendulic Rule ever to appear in English, this multi-disciplinary anthology will appeal to researchers and practitioners of IHL and ICL, as well as military historians and military ethicists and offers ground-breaking new research.
|
|
| 4. |
- Liwång, Hans, et al.
(författare)
-
An examination of the implementation of risk based approaches in military operations
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Military Studies. - Helsinki : National Defense University, Finland and Finnish Society of Military Sciences. - 1799-3350 .- 2242-3524. ; 5:2, s. 1-27
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today several nations utilise risk based approaches in military planning. However, the discussion on limitations with the approaches in regard to aspects such as uncertainties, the nature of the threat and risk to civilians is limited.The aim of this work is to identify important challenges when applying risk based approaches to military activity. This article discusses risk based approaches in general and their military applications. Five generic quality requirements on risk analysis are presented from research in risk philosophy. Two military application areas for risk analysis: military intelligence, and risk management in legal assessments are analysed in relation to the presented quality requirements on risk analysis.From the analysis it is clear that risk analysis is an integral part of the decision-making analysis and cannot be separated in time, space or organisationally from the decision-making process in general. Defining the scenario to analyse, including the time span, is a central task in risk analysis and will affect every aspect of the risk estimation. Therefore, the principles for scenario definition must be communicated and continuously updated throughout the organisation. Handling the uncertainties throughout the process is also important, especially if the aim is a resilient military system.
|
|
| 5. |
- Robinson, Yohan, 1977, et al.
(författare)
-
AI och framtidens försvarsmedicin
- 2020
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Medicinskt legitimerad personal är, och kommer med stor sannolikhet fortsattatt vara, en knapp resurs inom Försvarsmaktens sjukvårdsorganisation. I denna rapport ges en översikt över pågående och planerade ansatser baserade påartificiell intelligens (AI) inom akutsjukvård med särskild tonvikt på omhändertagandet av traumapatienter, där lösningarna skulle kunna bidra till att Försvarsmakten kan bibehålla sin sjukvårdskapacitet i kritiska lägen. Rapporten är ett resultat av samarbetet mellan FM, FOI, FMV, FHS och KI, och vänder sig i första hand till Försvarsmaktens strategiska ledning.Användningen av AI-teknik i framtida beslutsstöd kan skapa nya möjligheter till avlastning av personal och resurseffektivisering. Tekniken ger möjligheter att i realtid samla in, bearbeta och analysera stora mängder blandadinformation om förbands hälsoläge och fysiska stridsvärde. Bedömning av skadade kan t.ex. göras av triagedrönare och den efterföljande evakueringen kanunderlättas av intelligenta autonoma plattformar. Införandet av AI-system ställer dock vårdgivaren inför svåra etiska och medikolegala överväganden.Försvarsmedicin har en central roll i Försvarsmaktens krigföringsförmåga och för samhällets uthållighet. För att nyttja hela AI-teknikens framfart till Försvarsmaktens nytta måste dess innebörd och konsekvens för försvarsmedicinen förstås. Därför rekommenderar denna studie att Försvarsmaktens framtida satsningar inom AI och autonomi inkluderar den försvarsmedicinska teknikutveckling som är beskriven i denna rapport.
|
|
| 6. |
- Winther, Pontus, 1971-
(författare)
-
International Humanitarian Law and Influence Operations : The Protection of Civilians from Unlawful Communication Influence Activities during Armed Conflict
- 2019
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Contemporary armed conflicts are not only fought with physical means and methods. Increasingly, in order to achieve military and political objectives, parties to armed conflicts use communication activities to influence individuals. Armed groups such as ISIS use online propaganda to instil terror and recruit new fighters to their cause. In Syria and other conflict zones, medical personnel, aid workers and journalists are subjected to verbal threats and other types of intimidation. In the conflict in Eastern Ukraine, politicians are publicly discredited by having their pictures displayed on electronic billboards and being labelled as war criminals, while civilians are misled by false messages into assisting the opposing party with identifying targets for artillery fire.At the same time, communication is also used to increase the security for civilians in armed conflict. For example, parties to armed conflicts have an obligation to issue warnings before launching attacks on military objectives that may affect the civilian population. Thus, although communication activities can be used to increase security for civilians in armed conflict, they may also cause physical and mental harm to civilians.This prompts a question of law: Where does the boundary lie between prohibited and lawful use of communication activities as a means of influencing civilians in armed conflict? The purpose of this thesis is to answer this question. It sets out to examine what protection international humanitarian law provides civilians in armed conflict in relation to communication influence activities.In the thesis, it is suggested that international humanitarian law contains a substantial—albeit fragmented—body of principles and provisions protecting civilians from harmful communication influence activities. It is further suggested that, in order to correctly define this protection, the material, personal, geographical and temporal scope of application of international humanitarian law must be properly taken into consideration.
|
|
| 7. |
- Harrison Dinniss, Heather, 1973-
(författare)
-
A Room Full of Experts : Expert Manuals and Their Influence on the Development of International Law
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law. - The Hague : T.M.C. Asser Press. - 1389-1359 .- 1574-096X. ; 23, s. 21-34
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Expert manuals play an increasingly important role on the development of international law into new areas and environments. While not formally a source of law themselves, their influence on those involved in the development and construction of more formal sources of law takes place on multiple levels and in a variety of ways. This contribution explores some of the different elements that effect the influence these manuals wield. The selection of experts, their qualifications, diversity and ability to adapt to new environments and technological domains is a core components of this influence. Likewise the methodology used by the manual, the attempt to separate lex lata from lex ferenda and the method of representing differing views within the group will all have an impact on its subsequent influence. Manuals will continue to play a valuable role in the development of international law, by influencing the decision of policy makers, treaty negotiators and others, particularly in an era characterised by lack of agreement between states and stagnation of formal law making processes in emerging domains.
|
|
| 8. |
- Hayashi, Nobuo
(författare)
-
Military Necessity : The Art, Morality and Law of War
- 2020
-
Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- What does it mean to say that international humanitarian law (IHL) strikes a realistic and meaningful balance between military necessity and humanity, and that the law therefore 'accounts for' military necessity? To what consequences does the law 'accounting for' military necessity give rise? Through real-life examples and careful analysis, this book challenges received wisdom on the subject by devising a new theory that not only reaffirms Kriegsräson's fallacy but also explains why IHL has no reason to restrict or prohibit militarily unnecessary conduct on that ground alone. Additionally, the theory hypothesises greater normative significance for humanitarian and chivalrous imperatives when they conflict with IHL rules. By combining international law, jurisprudence, military history, strategic studies, and moral philosophy, this book reveals how rational fighting relates to ethical fighting, how IHL incorporates contrasting values that shape its rules, and how law and theory adapt themselves to war's evolutions.
|
|
| 9. |
-
Religion, Migration, and Existential Wellbeing
- 2021. - 1
-
Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- This book uses the very latest research to examine current interactions between religion, migration and existential wellbeing. In particular, it demonstrates the role of religion and religious organizations in the social, medical and existential wellbeing of immigrants within their host societies. By focusing on the role and politics of religion and religious organisations as well as the religious identity and faith of individuals, it highlights the connection between existential wellbeing, integration and social cohesion.The book brings together researchers from various disciplines taking on the challenge to elaborate on the theme of this book from different perspectives, using different methods and theories with a wide selection of cases from various parts of the world. The value of multidisciplinary research on the role of religion in a globalised society – locally, nationally and internationally – is important for understanding the composition and potential solutions to social and political problems. Religious aspects and organisations are present in legal, political and social forms of governance and form the basis for future research on e.g. secularisation, democracy, minorities, human rights, welfare, healthcare and identity formation. These and other related topics are discussed in this book.This book is an up-to-date and multifaceted study of how religion engages with the mass movement of peoples. As such, it will be of great interest to any scholar of Religious Studies, Migrant Studies, Sociology of Religion, Religion and Politics, as well as Legal Studies with a human right focus
|
|
| 10. |
- Gunneriusson, Håkan, 1970-
(författare)
-
Hybrid warfare and law
- 2016
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The weaponization of culture in Russia.The weaponization of Western weakness in the cases Ukraine & Syria.Western unwillingness to recognise Russian hostility: turned into a tool for Russia to undermine Western power.
|
|
