| 1. |
- Gustafsson, Mikael, 1965-
(författare)
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ArbetsDax – för psykiskt funktionshindrade : Talet om klienter, samordnare och samverkan i en verksamhet för arbetslivsinriktad rehabilitering
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Efter den rikspolitiska psykiatrireformen i mitten av 1990-talet inrättades runt om i Sverige rehabiliteringsverksamheter för psykiskt funktionshindrade människor. Det ansågs då viktigt att utveckla samverkan mellan berörda myndigheter och andra organisationer för att de psykiskt funktionshindrade inte skulle hamna ”mellan stolarna”. I Eskilstuna inrättades en arbetslivsinriktad interorganisatorisk rehabiliteringsverksamhet kallad ArbetsDax, med en ny yrkesgrupp av professionella på operativ nivå som kallades samordnare.Syftet med rapporten är att utifrån olika empiriska material bidra till förståelsen av verksamhetens diskursiva karaktär, det vill säga språkbrukets betydelse inom verksamheten, och till förståelsen av samordnarens yrkesroll. Det förstnämnda är intressant utifrån antagandet att språkbruket har en central roll i verksamheten. Det sistnämnda är intressant utifrån antagandet att ArbetsDax samordnare kan bidra med något kvalitativt/kvantitativt annorlunda än yrkesgrupper på de rena myndigheter, främst försäkringskassan och arbetsförmedlingen, som ArbetsDax samverkar med.Verksamhetens diskursiva karaktär framstår i analysen av verksamhetsdokument, intervjuer och observationer som ett komplext konsensusarbete med särskilt fokus på klienter, samordnare och samverkan. Klienten framställs som en kluven identitet: å ena sidan som en aktiv individ med den ”rätta” viljan enligt arbetslinjen, å andra sidan som en passiviserad individ med en begränsad förmåga p.g.a. psykiska funktionshinder. Samordnaren framställs som en komplex och gränsöverskridande profession som ska utföra ett konsensusarbete med klienterna, exempelvis i form av ett motivationsarbete för att transformera betalningsmaktens tvång över klienten (i huvudsak från försäkringskassans sida) till klientens ”fria” vilja. Samordnaren har också att sträva efter konsensus i relation till andra myndigheters representanter och de arbetsgivare som klienterna ska arbetsträna hos. Samverkan framställs i form av direktiv för och problematiseringar av rehabiliteringsverksamheten. Detta sker bland annat med hjälp av intertextuella legitimitetsreferenser i policydokument för verksamheten, samt med hjälp av den centrala metaforen rehabiliteringskedjan som ordnar de samverkande myndigheterna i förhållande till klienternas ”rehabiliteringskarriär”. Stort fokus finns på språkliga skillnader mellan organisationerna, med strävan efter konsensus genom att på mer eller mindre subtila vis försöka mildra åtskillnaden. I analysen framstår ändå försäkringskassan som ”blåslampa”, arbetsförmedlingen som ”bromskloss” och kommunen som ”försvarare” av verksamheten.Samordnarens professionskaraktär analyseras genom jämförelser med två teorier: dels Roine Johanssons teori om strukturella dimensioner för gräsrotsbyråkrater inom rena myndigheter som försäkringskassan och arbetsförmedlingen, och dels Mats Börjesson & Eva Palmblads samt Annette Carstens teori om den nutida välfärdsarbetarens språkliga praktik. Analysen visar att samordnaren framstår som en gräsrotsbyråkratisk profession med tämligen stort handlingsutrymme, men därutöver som en gränsöverskridande ”hybridprofession” vars insats till stor del består i ett konsensusarbete i relation till klienter, samverkande organisationsrepresentanter, arbetsgivare hos vilka klienterna arbetstränar, samt i relation till betalningsmakten (i första hand försäkringskassan).I rapportens senare del fördjupas diskussionen om samordnaren som en profession som inte endast fokuserar på klientens förmåga och vilja, utan även på dennes spontana lust. Samtidigt framstår ArbetsDax som ett försök att utveckla välfärdsarbetets organisation i riktning bort från forna tiders omyndigförklarande socialpolitik, bland annat genom att skapa den nya professionen samordnare.
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| 2. |
- Kristoffersson, Eleonor, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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The Principle of the Legality of Taxation and the Rule of Law
- 2024
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Ingår i: Rule of Law in a Transitional Spectrum. - Uppsala : Iustus förlag. - 9789177372721 ; , s. 177-186
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter examines the principle of the legality of taxation in the context of the rule of law. It begins with an exploration of the legality of taxation in international and EU Law, providing a comparative overview and delving into the specific case of Sweden. The authors discuss how this principle is not explicitly stated as a fundamental right in the European Charter of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms but can be derived from its provisions. The Court of Justice of the European Union recognizes it as a general principle, necessitating that tax obligations and their substantive elements be defined by law.The article then focuses on the Swedish interpretation of the principle, tracing its evolution and current application. It highlights the nuances in the Swedish legal system, where the principle of legality in tax law is interpreted as a general rule that taxation must be lawful and in accordance with the principles of the rule of law. This includes a discussion of the role of the Swedish Parliament in enacting tax laws and the interpretative approaches of the Supreme Administrative Court.In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the principle of legality as an integral part of a larger legal system grounded in the rule of law. It addresses the challenges and complexities in applying this principle, especially when harmonizing national and EU law principles in tax cases.
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| 3. |
- Gilissen, Herman Kasper, et al.
(författare)
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A framework for evaluating the effectiveness of Flood Emergency Management Systems in Europe
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ecology and Society. - 1708-3087. ; 21:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Society is faced with a range of contemporary threats to everyday life, from natural and technological hazards to accidents and terrorism. These are embodied within integrated emergency management arrangements that are designed to enhance preparedness and response to such incidents, and in turn facilitate a prompt recovery. Such arrangements must be inherently dynamic and evolve as new threats emerge or as existing threats change. An example of the latter is the changing nature of flooding, which is projected to increase in both frequency and severity with climate change. Recognizing this evolving threat, we focus on the evaluation of the effectiveness of domestic Flood Emergency Management Systems (FEMS) as components of integrated emergency management arrangements. Despite the extensive body of literature that documents success conditions of so-called effective emergency management more broadly, there have been only a few attempts to construct a comprehensive evaluation framework to support objective assessment and cross-country comparison. Addressing this gap, we formulate an evaluation framework specifically tailored to the study of FEMS in Europe, which is then provisionally applied to the study of FEMS in England (UK), France, the Netherlands, Poland, and Sweden. Important differences are observed in how FEMS have evolved in relation to differing contextual backgrounds (political, cultural, administrative, and socio-economic) and exposures to flood hazard. From this provisional assessment, a number of opportunities for, and constraints to, enhancing the effectiveness of FEMS in Europe are discerned. The evaluation framework thus serves as an important stepping stone for further indepth inquiry, and as a valuable tool for future comparative study.
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| 4. |
- Diesen, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Likhet inför lagen
- 2005
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Principen om likhet inför lagen är djupt rotad i Sverige, både i det allmänna medvetandet och i lagstiftningens grundprinciper. Men hur fungerar det i praktiken? Är det acceptabelt att tillämpningen skiljer sig mellan stad och land, att domarens kön spelar roll eller att faktorer som kön, klass och etnicitet får avgörande betydelse för rättsprocessens utgång? Slutsatserna i Likhet inför lagen bygger på tusentals faktiska domar och är den första större studien som belyser den pågående strukturella diskrimineringen inom rättsväsendet. I inledningskapitlet presenterar jur. dr Claes Lernestedt en historisk och rättsfilosofisk översikt av principen om likhet inför lagen. Sedan följer en genomgång av kriminologisk forskning om institutionell diskriminering av personer med utländsk bakgrund sammanställd av fil. dr Tove Pettersson. Professor Christian Diesen redogör för tidigare opublicerade forskningsrapporter som visar på såväl negativ särbehandling av invandrare, barn, kvinnor, handikappade och homosexuella som positiv särbehandling av direktörer, poliser och advokater. Fil. dr Torun Lindholm presenterar avslutningsvis internationella och egna socialpsykologiska rön när det gäller fördomar och omedveten diskriminering.
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| 5. |
- Tängh Wrangel, Claes, 1980-
(författare)
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Biopolitics of hope and security : governing the future through US counterterrorism communications
- 2019
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Ingår i: Globalizations. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1474-7731 .- 1474-774X. ; 16:5, s. 664-677
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article probes the relationship between hope and security, looking at how hope is appropriated and used by the US security apparatus under President Obama to pre-empt radicalisation. It looks specifically at strategic narratives designed to infuse hope within the global Muslim population – identified in US security discourse as being particularly vulnerable to terrorist recruitment. While critical studies of security often articulate hope and security to be diametrically opposed concepts, this article shows that hope not only is an active and important part of contemporary technologies and logics of security, but also that hope can be productive of the insecurities, fear and exclusions that such politics often is assumed to entail. The use of hope within US counterterrorism communications further indicates that, rather than a subversive force, hope has come to legitimise some of the key facets of post 9/11 politics of security, namely the identification of human nature as a site of potential danger, the invocation of permanent intervention, the radical exclusion of the global Muslim population from political rights, and, not the least, the effective denial of our capacity to imagine another world, free from the insecurities of our political present.
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| 6. |
- Hedlund, Daniel, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges in the Guardianship of Unaccompanied Minors Seeking Asylum
- 2018
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Children's Rights. - : Brill. - 0927-5568 .- 1571-8182. ; 26:3, s. 489-509
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we explore the research literature relating to the guardianship of unaccompanied minors seeking asylum. In particular, we seek to find out what type of dilemmas have been identified by research concerning the guardianship of unaccompanied minors, and the focus that the literature has therefore taken. A comprehensive search of identified databases was conducted. Ultimately, 38 publications were selected for analysis. The review was qualitative and inductive. The results of the review suggest that research has identified and focused on challenges in the form of diverging policy such as gaps and inconsistencies in guardianship institutions, as well as challenges in balancing different objectives concerning the guardianship role, such as conflicting interest in the guardianship assignment or between different actors involved in protecting the child’s interest.The conclusion is that different configurations of guardianship institutions, as well as the identified challenges for practice, appear to be related to the welfare state model. Therefore, future research concerning guardianship for unaccompanied minors needs to move beyond legal sources and policy documents by focusing on empirically informed research on the relationship between child care/protection, principles of assessing the best interest of the child and the welfare state systems.
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| 7. |
- Andrighetto, Giulia, et al.
(författare)
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Peer effects on compliance with extortive requests
- 2020
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 15:4, s. 1-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We conduct laboratory experiments to study peer effects on compliance with extortive requests. To this aim, we use an “extortion game” with multiple victims. In agreement with our hypothesis, our results show that when the information on peers’ behavior is available, compliance with appropriative requests is triggered by conformism among victims rather than by punishment. Moreover, we find that extorted sums are rather small, requests are proportional to the victim’s earnings, similar across victims, and are significantly lower when the extorter self-selects into this role. Punishment is rare, but effective. Finally, our results indicate that fairness concerns matter even in a context of extra-legal taxation, shaping both extorters’ requests and victims’ compliance.
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| 8. |
- Kristoffersson, Magnus, Associate Professor, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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An Overview of the FIRE Research Project
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings from the First Annual International FIRE CONFERENCE 10th–11th of November 2022, Örebro University, Sweden. - Uppsala : Iustus förlag. - 9789177372639 ; , s. 15-42
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents a concise overview of the Financial information Retrieval Ecosystem (FIRE) project. In the article an overview of the technological cornerstones of FIRE, its potential legal implications, stakeholder perspectives, and its influence on various professions, with a particular emphasis on the underlying technologies propelling this initiative. The FIRE project also suggests that both mandatory book-keeping and annual reporting might be possible to abolish in the future.
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| 9. |
- Lipari, Francesca, et al.
(författare)
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The change in social norms in the Mafia's territories : the anti-racket movement of Addiopizzo
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Institutional Economics. - : CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS. - 1744-1374 .- 1744-1382. ; 17:2, s. 227-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social norms pervade society and when they conflict with legal norms, the former undermine the latter making them ineffective. In this study, we propose that the extortion racket in Sicily has turned into a social norm and this is why recent top-down interventions have failed in stalling this socially undesirable activity. One exception is represented by Addiopizzo, a grass root movement that uses non-legal means to fight the racket phenomenon in Sicily. During the last 15 years, Addiopizzo was able to produce an effective reduction in the payment of protection money in the Sicilian city of Palermo by triggering, we suggest, among other things, a process of change in social norms. Acknowledging the importance of a change in social norms to achieve social change allows us to link the theory of institutions as 'rules' with the theory of institutions as 'equilibria'.
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| 10. |
- Stigson, Peter, 1974-
(författare)
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Reducing Swedish Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Basic Industry and Energy Utilities : An Actor and Policy Analysis
- 2007
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the thesis is to analyze the design of the present climate and energy policies. The main focus is on how the policy instruments affect the Swedish stakeholders who are included in the European Union’s Emission Trading Scheme (EU-ETS). In-depth interviews have been carried out with representatives from the basic industry, energy utilities as well as industrial and green organizations. The purpose is to illustrate have how these stakeholders view the current policy framework and what amendments that they view as necessary.Suggestions to the Government are given regarding the design of national policies and policy instruments to provide for an improved policy framework. The information and synthesis have furthermore been collected through extensive literature studies as well as participating at conferences and seminars.The thesis is written as a monograph in order to address a larger group of readers interested in the transition of energy systems towards sustainability as well as policy makers and Swedish stakeholders. The common understanding that the global energy systems have to undergo a transition to renewables and higher energy efficiency due to the earth’s finite sources of fossil fuels and uranium presents large challenges for policy makers and business sectors as well as the society in general.Global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have to be drastically reduced and the work to achieve this has started through international negotiations such as the Kyoto Protocol. As the present commitment levels are low, an important issue in a short-term perspective is to develop a more comprehensive and efficient system with a much wider participation and more stringent emission targets.In order to achieve current national policy goals and international GHG emission commitments the Swedish Government utilizes a number of policy instruments that are either nationally self-assumed or called for by international agreements or the European Union. The Swedish stakeholders that are included in the EU-ETS face a broad policy framework that has a large impact on their daily operations and future investment strategies. It is imperative for the policymakers, i.e. the Government, to act in accordance with the long-term perspective that the climate change issue and the transition of the energy system require. It is likewise important that any actions are in accordance with the operational and investment climate that the business sector faces. It is argued that these aspects are not fully considered as the success of the next national budget or term of public office seems to overshadow these issues. A long-term perspective is required to provide the business sector with stable and reliable incentives. This is needed to provide the economic conditions under which the businesses can realize investments that will result in emission reductions. Short-term policies reinforce the view of environmental investments as a form of risk investments. This negatively affects the possibility of the policy instruments to effectively achieve established policy goals.Paying attention to these requirements is however not a simple task for policy makers as it will require agreements between the political parties. This demonstrates the main political difficulty with climate change – the requirement of a long-term and full commitment by all state authorities. It should be noted that the thesis does not attempt to describe the Swedish policy makers as neglecting the urgency of acting to mitigate climate change. The national agenda is far to advanced from an international perspective for such statements. The thesis however pinpoints some important issues highlighted by stakeholders, within the business sector and other organizations, who are concerned with the present climate and energy policy framework.Some of the findings are as follows:• Reducing GHG emissions in order to combat climate change must include a long-term perspective• The design of policy instruments should consequently be long-term to increase the support for investments in GHG emission reducing technologies• The design of policies that promote low GHG production alternatives within the energy utilities should be improved• The large potential for reduced GHG emission available through fuel switching and energy efficiency improvements in the Swedish basic industry should be promoted by amended policies• Reformulate or abandon the national GHG emissions target goal with the current formulation• Strive for an emission rights allocation system that is as transparent, fair and predictable as possible• The policy framework should aim for a high level of stability through interaction with the affected stakeholders• These factors are inherently important for the overall efficiency of the policy framework
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