| 1. |
- Frankelius, Per
(författare)
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Innovationen som tog skruv
- 2015
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - Stockholm : Läkartidningen Förlag AB. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 112:20–21, s. 985-987
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Läkaren och professorn emeritus Per-Ingvar Brånemark avled 20 december 2014. Han etablerade området osseointegration, strukturell förbindelse mellan levande ben och ytan av ett artificiellt material, som i dag utnyttjas för allt från höftleder och fästelement för silikonproteser till hörapparater. 2011 fick Brånemark priset European Inventor Award i kategorin Lifetime achievement av det europeiska patentverket. Men processen från uppfinning till berömmelse var tidvis turbulent – både i medicinskt och ekonomiskt perspektiv.
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| 2. |
- Lindgren, Petter, et al.
(författare)
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A likelihood ratio-based approach for improved source attribution in microbiological forensic investigations
- 2019
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Ingår i: Forensic Science International. - : Elsevier. - 0379-0738 .- 1872-6283. ; 302
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A common objective in microbial forensic investigations is to identify the origin of a recovered pathogenic bacterium by DNA sequencing. However, there is currently no consensus about how degrees of belief in such origin hypotheses should be quantified, interpreted, and communicated to wider audiences. To fill this gap, we have developed a concept based on calculating probabilistic evidential values for microbial forensic hypotheses. The likelihood-ratio method underpinning this concept is widely used in other forensic fields, such as human DNA matching, where results are readily interpretable and have been successfully communicated in juridical hearings. The concept was applied to two case scenarios of interest in microbial forensics: (1) identifying source cultures among series of very similar cultures generated by parallel serial passage of the Tier 1 pathogen Francisella tularensis, and (2) finding the production facilities of strains isolated in a real disease outbreak caused by the human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Evidence values for the studied hypotheses were computed based on signatures derived from whole genome sequencing data, including deep-sequenced low-frequency variants and structural variants such as duplications and deletions acquired during serial passages. In the F. tularensis case study, we were able to correctly assign fictive evidence samples to the correct culture batches of origin on the basis of structural variant data. By setting up relevant hypotheses and using data on cultivated batch sources to define the reference populations under each hypothesis, evidential values could be calculated. The results show that extremely similar strains can be separated on the basis of amplified mutational patterns identified by high-throughput sequencing. In the L. monocytogenes scenario, analyses of whole genome sequence data conclusively assigned the clinical samples to specific sources of origin, and conclusions were formulated to facilitate communication of the findings. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the potential of using bacterial whole genome sequencing data, including data on both low frequency SNP signatures and structural variants, to calculate evidence values that facilitate interpretation and communication of the results. The concept could be applied in diverse scenarios, including both epidemiological and forensic source tracking of bacterial infectious disease outbreaks.
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| 3. |
- Söderlund, Kasia, et al.
(författare)
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Regulating high-reach AI : On transparencydirections in the Digital Services Act
- 2024
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Ingår i: Internet Policy Review. - Berlin : Internet Policy Review, Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society. - 2197-6775. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By introducing the concept of high-reach AI, this paper focuses on AI systems whose widespread use may generate significant risks for both individuals and societies. While some of those risks have been recognised under the AI Act, we analyse the rules laid down by the Digital Services Act (DSA) for recommender systems used by dominant social media platforms as a prominent example of high-reach AI. Specifically, we examine transparency provisions aimed at addressing adverse effects of these AI technologies employed by social media very large online platforms (VLOPs). Drawing from AI transparency literature, we analyse DSA transparency measures through the conceptual lens of horizontal and vertical transparency. Our analysis indicates that while the DSA incorporates transparency provisions in both dimensions, the most progressive amendments emerge within the vertical transparency, for instance, by the introduction of the systemic risk assessment mechanism. However, we argue that the true impact of the new transparency provisions extends beyond their mere existence, emphasising the critical role of oversight entities in implementation and application of the DSA. Overall, this study highlights the paramount importance of vertical transparency in providing a comprehensive understanding of the aggregated risks associated with high-reach AI technologies, exemplified by social media recommender systems.
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| 4. |
- Sköld, Johanna, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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När välfärdssamhället gör fel : De vanvårdade och upprättelsens gränser
- 2021
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Ingår i: Arbetarhistoria. - Huddinge, Sweden : Arbetarrörelsens arkiv och bibliotek. - 0281-7446. ; 179-180:3-4, s. 92-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This article addresses the Swedish state’s process to provide redress for historical abuse in out-of-home care. The aim is to illuminate how the current state’s responsibility for past child abuse is negotiated in such processes. In Sweden, a temporary financial redress scheme was in effect 2013-16, which compensated fewer than every second applicant. The article demonstrates that the political ambition to recognize symbolically and acknowledge the victims’ suffering and the past society's betrayal of them resulted in unintended consequences when translated into a legal bureaucratic process. The logic of a court assessment is based not on recognition but on establishing legal liability. In the end, redress came to focus on what the state could be deemed responsible for in the past and how modern legal principles could be harmonized with a compensation scheme designed to compensate those for wrongdoings which cannot be redressed by current tort law.
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| 5. |
- Julén Votinius, Jenny, 1968-
(författare)
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Normkonflikter i regleringen om arbetstagares föräldraskap
- 2008
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Ingår i: Retfærd. - 0105-1121. ; :4/123, s. 102-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article discusses the position of working parents in labour legislation and the protection that labour law offers to the employee in his or her capacity as parent. The article argues that the rules in labour law concerning employees’ parenthood, despite the fairly strongly formulated protection of their rights, in practice have a relatively weak normative position in working life and in labour law. The weakness of the rules on parenthood can be explained as a result of a normative conflict, or incoherence, affecting the judicial sphere, which means that deviating norms and values encroach on the rules about parenthood and weaken their position. The central aim of the article is to elucidate and analyse some aspects of this normative conflict.
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| 6. |
- Ullman, Harald
(författare)
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Försäkring och ansvarsfördelning : Om förhållandet mellan försäkring och kommersiella leverans- och entreprenadavtal
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis discusses the relationship between risks in commercial supply and construction contracts. on the one hand, and risk coverage via insurance, on the other hand. Despite the close link which, in fact, exists between companies' standard purchase agreements and the insurance they hold, few concrete signs of this can be seen. Most standard agreements in Swedish industry outside the building trade and the transport sector lack provisions requiring insurance to be effected by the parties involved. The thesis analyses the existing combined business insurance from the standpoint of the sale of goods. The examination shows that the parties to a purchase agreement who take into account the scope for risk coverage offered by this insurance can select new principles for the division of liability Risks and risk coverage in CAR and EAR contracts are described in the thesis in order to show how a well-developed interaction between risk-taking and insurance cover can be achieved in standard contracts. Different methods of apportioning risk between the parties to a contract are described, followed by a discussion of the links of these methods to insurance. The exclusion of liability in a standard contract can be assessed in the light of the existing insurance cover. The thesis sets out a number of examples of legal practice outside Sweden where an exclusion of liability has been judged to be unreasonable. Contractual provisions about the obligation of a party to effect and make use of insurance has a bearing on the division of liability between the parties. On the other hand, the division of liability agreed by the parties affects their access to insurance cover. An account is finally given of how the division of liability can be implemented through subrogation by the insurer against the party responsible. The examination shows not only that commercial all risks insurance, machinery breakdown insurance and business interruption insurance has an important task to fulfil as a means of covering risks in commercial contracts, but also that the exclusion in liability insurance of pure financial loss is not practical. The parties to an agreement should specify to a greater degree what should be covered by their insurance contracts to avoid the risk of provisions relating to the obligation to effect insurance not having the intended effect. The limitation of liability exposure by a party through the use of exclusions of liability in a supply contract has proved to have littleeffect on the cost of insurance cover. On the other hand, increased risks in a contract can affect the cost of the insurance cover. In conclusion, a description is given of how a new kid of all risks insurance could cover certain important losses relating to the sale of goods and that the liability insurance should also be extended to provide for the basic coverage required. Greatly improved interaction between purchase risks and insurance is desirable. Such an interaction presupposes the development by the insurance companies of new and greatly simplified insurances.
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| 7. |
- Wittgren, Hans B, et al.
(författare)
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An actor game on implementation of environmental quality standards for nitrogen in a Swedish agricultural catchment
- 2005
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 34:3, s. 237-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite political efforts, diffuse pollution from agriculture continues to be the single largest source of nitrogen (N) emissions into the aquatic environment in many countries and regions. This fact, and the recent enactment of a new Swedish environmental code, led to the design of a study targeted at the evaluation of new N pollution abatement strategies. An actor game was chosen as the key component of the study, with a focus on four major goals: to test the implementability of legally binding environmental quality standards for nitrate concentration in groundwater and N transport to the sea, to find sets of agriculturally feasible and cost-effective measures to decrease N loads, to investigate the possibilities for collective action through negotiated and institutionalized actor cooperation, and to investigate the role of mathematical modeling in environmental N management. Characteristics from the agriculturally dominated catchment of Genevadsan (224 km(2)) on the southwest coast of Sweden served as the playing field for the actor game. The most noteworthy result from the study was that it appeared to be possible to meet ambitious environmental N standards with less economically drastic measures than anticipated by most of the participants. The actor game was shown to be a good method for learning about the new Swedish environmental code and its application and for gaining deeper insight into the issues of N management. In addition, the actor game functioned as an arena for gaining a more thorough understanding of the views of different stakeholders.
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| 8. |
- Mešić, Nedžad, 1983-
(författare)
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Framing solidarity in the unionisation of undocumented migrant workers
- 2017
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Ingår i: Reimagineering the nation. - Bern : Peter Lang Publishing Group. - 9783631715185 - 9783631715208 - 9783631715192 ; , s. 303-325
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter explores the capacity of two Swedish trade union initiatives, SAC Syndicalists and LO-TCO centre, to extend solidarity to undocumented migrant workers. The author asks what solidarity linkages have been established since the shift of millennia and what obstacles encountered in forging solidarity between workers with strong versus weak legal status. He illuminates the emergence of a transformative form of solidarity, which may open for protection of new groups of disadvantaged workers.
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| 9. |
- Nehler, Therese, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Sammanställning av kunskapsläget kring gällande regelverk för bio-CCS i Sverige
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Avskiljning och geologisk lagring av biogen koldioxid (bio-CCS) utgör en potentiellt viktig kompletterande åtgärd i att nå Sveriges mål om noll nettoutsläpp av växthusgaser år 2045 och därefter negativa utsläpp. Potentialen för att skapa negativa utsläpp via bio-CCS i Sverige bedöms som god, men i gällande lagar och regelverk finns fortfarande utmaningar att ta hänsyn till och lösa för att verksamhetsutövare ska kunna tillämpa tekniken. Denna rapport belyser och ger ett nuläge av de områden i regelverket som behöver behandlas för att möjliggöra investeringar och drift av bio-CCS anläggningar för verksamhetsutövare inom massa- och pappersindustrin och el- och fjärrvärmeproduktion inklusive avfallsförbränning. Rapporten sammanfattar även gällande regelverk på internationell nivå, EU-nivå och nationell nivå. Områden som kräver behandling inför en framtida implementering av bio-CCS är bland annat hur negativa utsläpp ska beräknas och redovisas genom kedjan för bio-CCS, hur moratoriet kring biologisk mångfald kopplar till bio-CCS och bilaterala avtal mellan Sverige och lagringsstat.
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| 10. |
- Kristoffersson, Eleonor, 1972-
(författare)
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Value Added Tax as a Legal Transplant
- 2021
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Ingår i: Intertax. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0165-2826 .- 1875-8347. ; 49:2, s. 186-197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, Value Added Tax (VAT) is examined as a legal transplant. The legal transplants theory relies on the assumption that legal transplants are the primary driver behind legal change. In order to establish whether this is the case for VAT, the distribution of VAT across the world is examined. This spread, however, should be evaluated against the different legal VAT families that may be identified around the world in order to determine if the identity of the transplanted system remains. That said, VAT families vary over time, and there is no specified definition of different VAT families. The establishment of the relevance of studying VAT as a legal transplant may feasibly lead to a discussion on whether a legal transplant approach is appropriate for comparative research in VAT since such an approach entails a risk for too much emphasis on similarities. The fact that statutes appear to be similar does not necessarily mean that the law is the same due to various factors such as legal culture. However, with an awareness of the inadequacies of the legal transplants approach as a method for comparative studies, the approach may provide valuable insight into explaining the similarities and differences in VAT.
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