| 1. |
- Klamberg, Mark, 1975-
(författare)
-
Power and Law in International Society : International Relations as the Sociology of International Law
- 2015
-
Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- When studying international law, there is often a risk of focusing entirely on the content of international rules (i.e. regimes), and ignoring why these regimes exist and to what extent the rules affect state behavior. Similarly, international relations studies can focus so much on theories based on the distribution of power among states that it overlooks the existence and relevance of the rules of international law. Both approaches hold their dangers. The overlooking of international relations risks assuming that states actually follow international law, and discounting the specific rules of international law makes it difficult for readers to understand the impact of the rules in more than a superficial manner. This book unifies international law and international relations by exploring how international law and its institutions may be relevant and how it influences the course of international relations in international trade, protection ofthe environment, human rights, international criminal justice and the use of force.
|
|
| 2. |
- Klamberg, Mark, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Recharacterisation of Charges in International Criminal Trials
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Festskrift till Christian Diesen. - Stockholm : Norstedts Juridik AB. - 9789139018032 ; , s. 327-345
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The text examines under what circumstances judges during trial may deviate from and recharacterize the charges. Depending on the legal tradition of a given country, the answer to these questions may vary. This test studies different traditions and procedural models as well as what is required under human rights law, as defined and interpreted in regional regimes and UN bodies. Finally, the text discusses and critically analyzes decisions and judgments from the International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal Court (ICC) where the judges have recharacterized the chargesduring trial.
|
|
| 3. |
-
Lagföring i Sverige av internationella brott
- 2020
-
Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Som ”internationella brott” brukar man beteckna folkmord, brott mot mänskligheten och krigsförbrytelser. Alla tre brotten avser individers ansvar för grova kränkningar av internationell humanitär rätt och de definieras i folkrätten.I den nya boken "Lagföring av internationella brott i Sverige" redogör författarna, verksamma inom såväl folkrätt som svensk straffrätt, för den speciella brottstypen och de problem det innebär att lagföra denna typ av brott. De utgår från prognosen att det svenska rättsmaskineriet av flera anledningar lär stå inför uppgiften att handlägga ett antal rättegångar av en typ som man tidigare har saknat större erfarenhet av. Gärningarna kan vara begångna på olika håll i världen, i fallen hittills ofta i Afrika eller Mellanöstern.Mycket pekar på att internationella brott av skilda slag fortsätter att begås på olika håll i världen. Mot den bakgrunden kan man rimligtvis förvänta ett fortsatt tryck på domstolarna också i Sverige att ta upp mål om sådana brott.Bristen på tillräcklig svensk erfarenhet av den här typen av mål innebär naturligtvis särskilda utmaningar vad gäller omfång, organisation och rättegångens genomförande. De medför med andra ord osedvanligt höga krav både på domstolskanslier och domare och på medverkande åklagare och försvarare. Hittills har nu i Sverige avgjorts tolv mål. Åtta av dem har handlagts vid Stockholms tingsrätt; nio fall har gått vidare, varav sex avgjorts i Svea hovrätt. I ett par fall har rätten funnit det nödvändigt att hålla syn på stället. De avgjorda målen ger givetvis möjligheter till att samla och utveckla kompetens.Den nya boken vänder sig till skilda svenska aktörer: domare, åklagare, målsägarbiträden och offentliga försvarare. Men den kan säkert bli högst användbar också inom juridisk forskning och utbildning i Norden.
|
|
| 4. |
- Klamberg, Mark, 1975-
(författare)
-
The Legality of Rebel Courts during Non-International Armed Conflicts
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of International Criminal Justice. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1478-1387 .- 1478-1395. ; 16:2, s. 235-263
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines relevant norms concerning trials conducted by courts established by armed non-state actors (referred to as ‘rebels’) during non-international armed conflicts. While such courts are often justified by rebels in the interest of securing law and order, states’ perceptions are more negative, especially the territorial state concerned. This raises questions under international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law on the legality of such courts and of fair trial guarantees. Legal deficiencies may result in individual criminal responsibility for the individuals involved, including judges and those carrying out sentences. This article pays attention to the intention held by states when drafting relevant norms and a recent case where a domestic court in Sweden ruled on the individual criminal responsibility of a soldier for carrying out sentences issued by a rebel court, a first for any court worldwide. The dilemma of rebel courts reveals opposing interests in international humanitarian law and international criminal law and raises important policy considerations.
|
|
| 5. |
- Klamberg, Mark, 1975-
(författare)
-
International Law in the Age of Asymmetrical Warfare, Virtual Cockpits and Autonomous Robots
- 2014
-
Ingår i: International Law and Changing Perceptions of Security. - Leiden, Boston : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. - 9789004274587 - 9789004274570 ; , s. 152-170
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAVs) in the context of counterterrorism operations challenges the traditional conception of security, it is a change in the perception of nature and sources of threats. This text focuses on some of the most contentious issues. First, will the use of UCAVs affect how we perceive state intervention in the territory of other states? Second, the US use UCAVs to target enemies as a part of its counterterrorism operations. This has raised several concerns, including a discussion on the relevant legal framework. Should counterterrorism operate under the armed-conflict or law enforcement model? Under what circumstances are targeted killings allowed under international law? This discussion is influenced by the fact that almost all targeted killings are directed against non-State actors and generally carried out while the targeted person is not visibly engaged in active combat. The use of drones and other robotic weapons concerns human rights law, humanitarian law and the law on the use of force. All three bodies of law may be applicable to a situation, each of them regulates different aspects of the use of force. It is argued as not necessary to adopt new, specific rules on drones. Missiles launched by a drone present the same legal issues as any other weapon system, the principles of necessity, distinction, proportionality and precaution still applies. To the extent drones at the present time are used in an illegitimate manner is rather a question of non-compliance with the existing law, less an absence of adequate rules. However, a different approach may be justified when it comes to autonomous weapons systems capable of taking targeting decisions. It is arguably the military commander deploying such systems that have the ultimate responsibility.
|
|
| 6. |
- Klamberg, Mark, 1975-
(författare)
-
Nordic perspectives on international criminal law and international humanitarian law
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nordic Criminal Justice in a Global Context. - London : Routledge. - 9781032049793 - 9781032049939 - 9781003195504 ; , s. 59-76
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a common Nordic perspective on international humanitarian law (IHL) and international criminal law (ICL) which may be explained by a common historical and cultural heritage as well as by conscious and close Nordic cooperation in the field of legislation, including criminal law. This chapter examines how ICL and IHL has been implemented in a domestic context in relation to three themes: implementing legislation; prosecutorial discretion, jurisdiction, and government involvement, and situations investigated and cases adjudicated by courts in the Nordic countries. This is based on separate country and thematic studies previously conducted by several scholars. For each of the three themes there will be an initial account for each of the Nordic countries, followed by a comparative analysis. Particular attention is paid to transplants from one Nordic country to another.
|
|
| 7. |
- Klamberg, Mark, 1975-
(författare)
-
Evidence in International Criminal Procedure : Confronting Legal Gaps and the Reconstruction of Disputed Events
- 2012
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study examines the difficulties in establishing a universal code of procedural law governing international criminal trials and fact-finding. It covers five procedural systems: the military tribunals of Nuremberg and Tokyo, the ad hoc tribunals for former Yugoslavia and Rwanda and the International Criminal Court. The basis for the comparison are specific procedural activities common to the five procedural systems, including evaluation, collection, disclosure, admissibility and presentation of evidence.Certain general principles of law are applicable to evidence. However, the judges tend to favour one type of legal system (either adversarial or inquisitorial) when they identify general principles of national law which run counter to the concept of this source of law. The practice of the modern two-tiered systems suggests that pre-trial and trial judges are bound or at least guided by decisions of the Appeals Chamber. In comparison with international law in general, international criminal procedure is thus a sui generis legal system as regards the status of legal precedents. The balance between crime control, fair trial, expeditious proceedings, state sovereignty, truth-seeking, victims’ participation and witnesses and victims protection may vary. No abstract procedural model (either adversarial or inquisitorial) can be applied in its entirety to an existing procedural framework. Instead, the proceedings are mixed and in relation to a specific procedural activity one model may be more relevant as a tool of analysis than another. The concept of “robustness” is used to discuss quantity in addition to concepts that deal with quality, including “probative value” and “weight”. Finally, the method involving exclusion of every reasonable hypothesis of innocence is examined as one of several analytical steps that may contribute to the systematic evaluation of evidence.
|
|
| 8. |
- Klamberg, Mark, 1975-
(författare)
-
Evidence in International Criminal Trials : Confronting Legal Gaps and the Reconstruction of Disputed Events
- 2013
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study examines the difficulties in establishing a universal code of procedural law governing international criminal trials and fact-finding. It covers eight procedural systems: the military tribunals of Nuremberg and Tokyo, the ad hoc tribunals for former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, the Mechanism for International Criminal Tribunals, the UN-supported Khmer Rouge Trials, the Special Court for Sierra Leone and the International Criminal Court. The basis for the comparison are specific procedural activities common to the five procedural systems, including evaluation, collection, disclosure, admissibility and presentation of evidence.Certain general principles of law are applicable to evidence. However, the judges tend to favour one type of legal system (either adversarial or inquisitorial) when they identify general principles of national law which run counter to the concept of this source of law. The practice of the modern two-tiered systems suggests that pre-trial and trial judges are bound or at least guided by decisions of the Appeals Chamber. In comparison with international law in general, international criminal procedure is thus a sui generis legal system as regards the status of legal precedents. The balance between crime control, fair trial, expeditious proceedings, state sovereignty, truth-seeking, victims’ participation and witnesses and victims protection may vary. No abstract procedural model (either adversarial or inquisitorial) can be applied in its entirety to an existing procedural framework. Instead, the proceedings are mixed and in relation to a specific procedural activity one model may be more relevant as a tool of analysis than another. The concept of “robustness” is used to discuss quantity in addition to concepts that deal with quality, including “probative value” and “weight”. Finally, the method involving exclusion of every reasonable hypothesis of innocence is examined as one of several analytical steps that may contribute to the systematic evaluation of evidence.
|
|
| 9. |
- Klamberg, Mark, 1975-
(författare)
-
Gränsdragningen mellan utlänningslagen och svensk straffrätt beträffande internationella brott
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Juridisk Tidskrift. - 1100-7761. ; :2, s. 286-293
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Utlänningslagen ger flyktingar, alternativt skyddsbehövande och övriga skyddsbehövande som befinner sig i Sverige rätt till uppehållstillstånd. Det finns en uteslutandebestämmelse som anger att en utlänning är utesluten från att anses som flykting om det finns synnerlig anledning att anta att han eller hon har gjort sig skyldig till brott mot freden, krigsförbrytelse, brott mot mänskligheten eller gjort sig skyldig till gärningar som strider mot Förenta Nationernas syften och grundsatser. Bestämmelserna i utlänningslagen kan skapa två gränsdragningsproblem mot såväl folkrätten som den svenska straffrätten. För det första, utlänningsrättens definition av väpnad konflikt vad avser alternativt och övriga skyddsbehövande överensstämmer inte i alla delar med den definition som används inom folkrätten och svensk straffrätt. För det andra, de brott som kan föranleda uteslutande enligt utlänningslagen återfinns endast delvis i svensk straffrätt. Denna text förklarar varför dessa gränsdragningsproblem uppkommit, möjliga utmaningar för berörda myndigheter och en rekommendation hur dessa utmaningar ska hanteras.
|
|
| 10. |
- Klamberg, Mark, 1975-
(författare)
-
What are the Objectives of International Criminal Procedure? : Reflections on the Fragmentation of a Legal Regime
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Nordic Journal of International Law, Vol. 79, No. 2, 2010. - Leiden : Brill. - 0902-7351 .- 1571-8107. ; 79:2, s. 279-302
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- International criminal courts pursue several objectives including retribution, deterrence, creating a historical record and giving a voice to the victims while the rights of the accused are protected. A problem is that these objectives pull in different directions creating tensions and fragmentation in the procedural system. Numerous legal issues, referred to as ‘hard cases’, entail a choice where the Judge has to make a choice between two or several objectives. In the interest of legal certainty solutions should ultimately controlled by the law and not by the discretion of the Judge. This article examines whether it is possible to identify a universally acceptable hierarchy of objectives. It is argued that the relevant objectives which determine the outcome of a hard case vary depending on the procedural stage and in each procedural stage there is a structural bias towards one or several objectives. Considering that law exists as a response to several social needs, it appears as unattainable to identify a universal and fixed hierarchy of objectives.
|
|
