| 1. |
- Cotal San Martin, Vladimir, 1979-
(författare)
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The Mediated Representation of Working Conditions in the Global South : Discourse, Ideology and Responsibility
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis examines the mediated representation of workers’ working conditions in the Global South. Using a qualitative approach inspired by Critical Discourse Studies, it focuses on ideological representation in newspapers from Sweden, the USA, Chile and China/Hong Kong. The aims are to understand how working conditions are represented; identify key themes of news reporting; understand how newspapers convey ideological discourses about ‘foreign’ and ‘distant’ working conditions; and provide critical insights into how the topic is represented in newspapers in terms of its relevance (to a national readership) as well as agency and responsibility (i.e. who is responsible for working conditions?) and the possible ideological impact thereof on the reader and their knowledge/interpretation of this issue. The results suggest that the general structuring of Swedish media discourse on workers’ conditions runs thematically across various parts/sections of the production industry: garments, electronics, food, furniture and toys. In addition, further themes/frames are used in the coverage (working conditions in the workplace, salary, conditions of employment, housing, workforce composition and workers’ organizations), further particularising the explored focus of media representation. The study also suggests that mainstream news media represent working conditions in ways that exclude a range of key issues, actors and causalities. Constructed at the level of media discourse, such problematic representations largely conceal the structural, institutional and corporatist responsibility behind the global exploitation of workers and their largely unfavourable working conditions. Instead, responsibility for those working conditions is effectively and strategically shifted away from the wider global system of capitalist-driven exploitation into individual social actors, in both the Western world (in the form of particular transnational corporations and in the form of readers/ users as consumers) and the Global South (in the form of local factory owners, governments, officials etc.). Speaking from a critical perspective and offering a number of empirically-funded insights, the study suggests that newspapers construct the key topic as relevant through a number of thematic and argumentative frames. Of these, the ‘consumer framework’ – which effectively serves to shift responsibility away from wider structural socioeconomic causes to an individual level – remains central. The thesis also shows that the representation of working conditions in the Global South is strongly embedded within a highly problematic colonial (or post-colonial) imagery. Therein, the exploitation in the Global South is seen as a localised ‘cultural problem’ of ‘them’ rather than a systematic problem related to global capitalism and its transnational system of social and economic inequality.
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| 2. |
- Krzyzanowski, Michal, 1977-
(författare)
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Towards the Historical Dynamics of a European Public Sphere? : Searching for ‘Europe' and ‘European Issues’ in Polish Post-War Studies on Media Contents
- 2011
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Ingår i: Kultura i Edukacja. - 1230-266X. ; 6:85, s. 25-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article starts from the premise that rather than being a solely contemporary notion or a concept related to the development of the European Union, European Public Sphere (EPS) should be viewed as a historically conditioned process, which draws on a longue durée of European perceptions and imaginaries constructed and disseminated in the national contexts. By looking at existent analyses of national media contents, this article, which draws on the analysis of over a hundred media studies, provides an extensive and critical examination of post-War Polish media discourses on “Europe” and “European issues” (including definitions of “Europe”, “Europeanness”, “European identity”, and “European values”). Seeing the role that those issues played in Polish media discourses during the period between 1945 and 2005 (i.e. from the end of World War II, through the development and fall of the Communism, up until and including Polish accession to the EU), the article locates when and where ethical notions related to the idea of Europe were negotiated and appropriated within media discourses. The article also attempts to fi nd examples of (possibly) transnational and event-specific aspects of reporting in order to discover the historical development of either Polish or transnational media constructions of a European Public Sphere.
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| 3. |
- Krzyzanowski, Michal, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Narrating the 'new normal' or pre-legitimising media control? COVID-19 and the discursive shifts in the far-right imaginary of 'crisis' as a normalisation strategy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Discourse & Society. - : Sage Publications. - 0957-9265 .- 1460-3624. ; 33:6, s. 805-818
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article highlights how the recent discourse of 'the new normal' - re-initiated and widely used in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in national and international media and political discourse - marks the advent of a new approach to 'crisis' in the normalisation of far-right populist politics. Drawing on the example of the analysis of 'policy communication' genres pre-legitimising the Polish right-wing populist government's recent actions aimed at curtailing media freedom and controlling opposition media, the article shows that, in the context of an undisputed crisis such as the recent pandemic, the right-wing populist imagination has gradually and strategically altered its usual, highly ambivalent approach to crisis. However, the latter's new, (quasi) 'factual' imaginary has, as is shown, become a tool in the further escalation and normalisation of far-right political strategies and policies, especially with regard to new far right strategies of media control aimed at the systemic colonisation of the wider public sphere. Therein, as the article shows, far-right actors often resort to a very peculiar - and by now common - adoption of many pro-democratic arguments while 'flipsiding' them in favour of far-right arguments and pre-legitimising their own undemocratic politics of control and exclusion.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Ekman, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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A populist turn? News editorials and the recent discursive shift on immigration in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nordicom Review. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1403-1108 .- 2001-5119. ; 42:1, s. 67-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article undertakes a critical discourse analysis of Swedish quality newspaper editorials and their evolving framing of immigration since the 2015 peak of the recent European “refugee crisis”. Positioned within the ongoing discursive shifts in the Swedish public sphere and the growth of discursive uncivility in its mainstream areas, the analysis highlights how xenophobic and racist discourses once propagated by the far and radical right gradually penetrate into the studied broadsheet newspapers. We argue that the examined editorials carry the tendency to normalise once radical perceptions of immigration. This takes place by incorporating various discursive strategies embedded in wider argumentative frames – or topoi – of demographic consequences, Islam and Islamisation, threat, and integration. All of these enable constructing claims against immigration now apparently prevalent in the examined strands of the Swedish “quality” press.
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| 6. |
- Krzyzanowski, Michal, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Uncivility on the web : Populism in/and the borderline discourses of exclusion
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Language and Politics. - : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 1569-2159 .- 1569-9862. ; 16:4, s. 566-581
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores the connection between the rise of new types of online uncivil discourses and the recent success of populism. While discussions on the upsurge of populism have centred on institutionalised politics and politicians, only limited attention has been paid to how the success of the former and the latter was propelled by developments outside of the political realm narrowly conceived. Our interest is therefore in the rise of uncivil society, especially on the web, and in its 'borderline discourse' at the verge of civil and uncivil ideas, ideologies and norms. Those discourses - showcased here on the example of the language on immigration/refugees in Austria and Sweden - have been using civil-to- uncivil shifts in the discursive representations of society and politics. They have progressively 'normalised' the anti- pluralist views across many European public spheres on a par with nativist and exclusionary views now widely propagated by right-wing populist politics in Europe and beyond.
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| 7. |
- Ekström, Hugo, et al.
(författare)
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Saying `Criminality’, meaning ‘immigration’? : Proxy discourses and public implicatures in the normalisation of the politics of exclusion
- 2023
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Ingår i: Critical Discourse Studies. - : Routledge. - 1740-5904 .- 1740-5912.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores political discourse in the context of an online-mediated 2021 rapprochement between Swedish ‘mainstream’ and far-right parties paving the way for their eventual 2022 electoral success and later joint government coalition. The article analyses specifically how the above political accord on the Swedish right – often seen as breaking the long-term cordon sanitaire around Sweden’s far right – would be legitimised via discourses that carried significant elaboration and deepening of the ‘criminality’ and ‘immigration’ connection later recontextualised into the broader Swedish public discourse and public imagination. Using social media analytics and qualitative, critical discourse analysis, we explore in depth a ‘discursive shift’ wherein the focus on criminality would become a key ‘proxy discourse’, i.e., a public-wide implicature, which, while referring to and debating a potentially genuine social issue would be strategically instrumentalised to effectively pre-legitimise ‘moral panics’ around immigration and cultural diversity. The analysis highlights that the emergence as well as the later recontextualisation of the ‘proxy discourse’ in question – implicitly suggesting that criminality, immigration, and cultural diversity are ‘somehow’ inherently connected – not only supported the political mainstreaming of the Swedish far-right’s anti-immigration stance but also normalised the wider tenets of illiberal, nativist ‘politics of exclusion’.
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| 8. |
- Krzyzanowski, Michal, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Theories and concepts in critical discourse studies : Facing challenges, moving beyond foundations
- 2016
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Ingår i: Discourse & Society. - London : Sage Publications. - 0957-9265 .- 1460-3624. ; 27:3, s. 253-261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article emphasises the need to devote more attention to concepts and theories in critical discourse studies (CDS). We are particularly eager to emphasise that CDS theory of the second decade of 2000s – often known as the post-crisis era or as the period of ‘late neoliberalism’ – faces a number of challenges that are both real world (social) and academic in nature. On the one hand, CDS theory must be reconsidered from the point of view of socio-political challenges and the necessity to tackle new (public and private) discourses as well as their trajectories that no longer undergo the once long-standing socio-political or politico-economic dynamics. On the other hand, we see the need for embracing new ways of theorising and conceptualising discourse in late modernity in the wider landscape of the social theories and their engagement with discourse. This article emphasises the need to address some voices that come from beyond the ‘core’ CDS community with the aim to enrich CDS theory by ideas that would help us move the latter beyond its foundations as well as face socio-political and academic challenges ahead.
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| 9. |
- Oberhuber, Florian, et al.
(författare)
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Debating the European Constitution : On Representations of Europe/EU in the Press
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Language and Politics. - : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 1569-2159 .- 1569-9862. ; 4:2, s. 227-271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we analyze the newspaper coverage of the concluding session of the Intergovernmental Conference (IGC) which took place in Brussels on the 12th and 13th December 2003 and which was the first attempt to reach an agreement on the “Draft Constitutional Treaty” proposed by the European Convention. Placing it in the larger context of EU ‘constitutional’ reform, the media pictured the Brussels Summit and its eventual failure as an event of high symbolic relevance. In a qualitative in-depth discourse analysis, we comparatively investigate how the Summit was represented in 15 newspapers from eight EU countries. Using analytical categories from various key theoretical approaches of Discourse Analysis, the data are analyzed according to three interrelated sets of questions: (1) Which actors are selected in the press coverage, how are they labeled, and what are their main activities? (2) What metaphors, images and topoi are applied for representing and explaining the European Union as a unique political space? (3) How is the Brussels Summit placed in the political and historical context of European integration, who is blamed for its failure and why, and what scenarios for the future are discussed or proposed? Results are presented on two dimensions: firstly, in a case study approach, it is shown how press coverage in each country differs on the level of semantics, thematic structures, and structures of relevance and argumentation. Secondly, a systematic cross-section analysis is carried out and the repertoire of the fundamental representations of EU-rope used in the press is reconstructed.
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| 10. |
- Krzyzanowski, Michal, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Re/constructing politics through social & online media : Discourses, ideologies, and mediated political practices
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Language and Politics. - : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 1569-2159 .- 1569-9862. ; 17:2, s. 141-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, the connection between online and in particular social media and politics has become one of the central ones in contemporary societies, and has been explored very widely in political research and media and communication studies. Against such growing body of research, this Special Issue foregrounds the role of language as a key carrier of political ideologies and practices on social and online media. It aims to advance the scholarly understanding of contemporary political and democratic dynamics by postulating the need for a broader, problem-driven look at how political practices and ideologies are articulated on social and online media. It illustrates the value of a cross-disciplinary take that allows overcoming both the classic (e.g. qualitative vs. quantitative) and the more recent (e.g. small vs. big data) divides in explorations of the language of online and politics.
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