| 1. |
- Larsson, Johan, 1990
(författare)
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Guiding Sustainability Transitions: Backcasting, Experimentation and Social learning
- 2019
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sustainability challenges including climate change, social injustice, resource depletion and biodiversity loss are becoming increasingly apparent. These challenges can be understood as partly resulting from unsustainable socio-technical systems in society, assumed to require transitions to become sustainable in time. When moving beyond more conventional attempts to analyse and describe sustainability challenges, there is an increasing research interest in solutions-oriented and prescriptive approaches to meaningfully engage with sustainability challenges in various contexts. The aim of this thesis is to contribute knowledge on how societal transitions can be guided into desirable and sustainable pathways, where social learning is assumed a key process. The many designs and frameworks for engaging with sustainability transitions that prevail in literature seldom provide insights into the contingent nature of its application in its particular context, the prior knowledge and beliefs of participating actors, or an unpacking of how and why (transformative) social learning processes might unfold. Through inter- and transdisciplinary research and drawing on case studies and ethnographic methods, this thesis includes further development and an empirical evaluation of a backcasting-from-principles process in two settings: a ‘Challenge Lab’ arena that creates space for students to lead sustainability transitions (Paper I), and a regional multi-stakeholder process related to climate policy (Paper II). These studies represent initial attempts to better understand conditions and mechanisms into the kinds of learning that occur in these spaces. Finally, this thesis develops hypotheses on capabilities of sustainability principles in navigating transitions, and particular tools that may be used within and beyond backcasting settings to provide structure in inspiring and supporting conversations on sustainable and desirable futures (Paper III).
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| 2. |
- von Oelreich, Jacob, 1978-
(författare)
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Shorelines of adaptation and fields of innovation : Emerging sustainability transformations in sea-level rise planning and the food system
- 2017
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This licentiate thesis builds on the understanding that there is an urgent need for radical and systemic transformations towards sustainability in all parts of society, since current socio-ecological relations are highly unsustainable. The aim of the thesis is to explore emerging societal transformations towards strengthened sustainability through case studies within planning for sea-level rise and the food system, respectively.A warmer climate leads to rising sea levels. Although it is uncertain how fast sea levels will rise, and by how much, preparing and adapting to sea-level rise is crucial for society. The global food system is profoundly unsustainable and in need of transformations to sustainability. This thesis links two separate studies, one examining the state of planning for future sea-level rise in Swedish municipalities, the other exploring to what extent organic food initiatives can push the dominant food system in the direction of sustainability transformations. In both studies, the main methods used are qualitative interviews and document surveys.The results show that transformational change towards sustainability builds on different strategies in different fields. Whereas in planning for sea-level rise the emphasis lies on handling and adapting to one of the main impacts of climate change, rising sea levels, under conditions of uncertainty, the focus within food systems change directed at sustainability lies on creating sustainable alternatives that can challenge the dominant food regime. However, in both fields there is a need for moving from a currently dominant regime or paradigm to one characterized by sustainability and dynamic robustness, respectively. This requires a shift in understanding of socio-ecological relations, in turn connected to values and politics.Key recommendations from this thesis include that planning for sea-level rise should be guided by dynamically robust planning approaches, worst-case scenarios for future sea-level rise should be taken into account, a long-term perspective should be considered, and a national strategy for sea-level rise planning in Sweden should be developed. To strengthen the sustainability of the food system, a variety of organic food initiatives, methods and models should be encouraged, organic food initiatives should persistently strive to build niches and alliances departing from Organic 3.0 values, and as sustainability transformations require radical and systemic changes in values, governance, social practices, policies and economic structures, food systems change should be aimed accordingly.
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| 3. |
- Ågren, Axel, 1985-
(författare)
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Loneliness among older people in the Swedish media : Constructions, discourses and the designation of responsibility
- 2018
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Feelings of belonging or not belonging to other people are commonly seen as an essential and universal part of human existence. How loneliness is talked about and understood is, however, found to differ depending on historical, cultural and societal contexts. Today, there are intense discussions on loneliness among older people in the Swedish news-press. Constructions within mass media and - in this licentiate thesis - news-press are found to have a significant influence on how older people evaluate their own life and how older people are treated by the surrounding society. Research with this focus is, however, scarce despite the large amount of studies on loneliness and despite research on constructions of older people within mass media being a frequently addressed issue for ageing research. The aim of this thesis is to explore how loneliness among older people is constructed and how the responsibility for reducing loneliness is designated within the Swedish news-press.In Paper 1 the empirical material consisted of 94 news-press articles from the years 2013-2014. The prime finding was that loneliness was not the main focus in the articles from the Swedish news-press. The concept was used more to motivate the need for political change, enhancing the importance of volunteer work and described as a risk factor within research reports. The material analysed in Paper 2 consisted of 40 news-press articles from October 2016. The responsibility for reducing loneliness among older people was found to be designated between welfare state institutions on different levels. Institutions and political parties both defend the planned or performed measures to reduce loneliness, but also admit to not doing enough in this regard. Older people were found to be constructed as recipients of activities for reducing loneliness, and the “we” in “society” were those who should perform activities in order to reduce loneliness among older people.The main overall finding of the thesis is that loneliness was not the main focus in the articles from Swedish news-press. Instead, loneliness was used as a motive for political change and to enhance the value of volunteer work. Furthermore, loneliness among older people is understood as a problem that needs to be solved. The contexts and logics of the mass media were found to have an influence on how loneliness among older people was constructed, as the issue was mainly addressed in local debate articles with ambitions of achieving change.
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| 4. |
- Viking, Tuija
(författare)
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En studie om interprofessionellt lärande i teamarbete : Fallet med en 'best practice´ för tvångsvård
- 2019
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det interprofessionella lärandet, IPL, i team har blivit ett populärt medel för att öka samarbete och kvalité i den sociala sektorn och hälso- och sjukvård. En alltmer specialiserad och fragmentiserad vård, som ofta genomförs i team, har lett till stor spridning av interprofessionell utbildning, IPE. Studerande och/eller medlemmar från olika professioner lär sig därmed, med, från och om varandra. Sådant lärande antas ske vid utbyte av och reflektion över varandras olika erfarenheter, perspektiv och kunskaper, d.v.s. professionella skillnader, och leda till förbättrad effektivitet och kvalitet i vården.Inom hälso- och sjukvårdsområdet har man dock bara i mindre skala undersökt vad IPL i etablerade team innebär och hur professionella skillnader påverkar lärandet. Denna licentiatuppsats hade som övergripande syfte att bidra med ökad kunskap inom detta område. Här studerades ett arbete, med kliniska riktlinjer för psykiatrisk tvångsvård, som skulle genomföras av ett interprofessionellt team. Huvudfrågan var hur teamet arbetade med riktlinjerna och hur professionella skillnader kom till uttryck och gav implikationer för IPL. Licentiatuppsatsen är en fallstudie. Undersökningen baseras dels på material (mötesprotokoll, mejlkommunikation, dokument och mediarapporter) från teamets tre-åriga arbete, dels nio intervjuer och en observation av seminariet där teammedlemmar presenterade de färdiga riktlinjerna. Studie 1 syftade till att undersöka hur teamet hanterade en kontrovers och hur de strategier som användes gav konsekvenser för interprofessionellt lärande. Studie 2 syftade till att studera hur teamet granskade kön/genus i arbetet med riktlinjerna och vilka implikationer det blev för riktlinjerna och för interprofessionellt lärande. Fokus här är därmed på ett lärande i ett "färdigt" team. Resultaten i studierna baseras på fallbeskrivning och narrativ analys. Fynden i studierna tolkades huvudsakligen utifrån sociokulturell teori och idéer och insikter från kontroversstudier (studie 1) och det genusvetenskapliga fältet (studie 2).Resultatet i studie 1 visade att kontroversen hanterades främst genom en kompromiss. Resultatet visar också hur lärandestrategier nyttjades vid användning av texter. Lärandet utmanades dock när maktstrategier användes genom hävdande av auktoritet snarare än utforskande av kunskapsläget.Resultatet i studie 2 visade hur kön/genus aktualiserades i en diskussion om könsskillnader i användning av tvångsbälten. I diskussionen användes professionsspecifika erfarenheter och kunskaper om kön/genus, vilket kan antas främjade IPL. Teamets lärande om komplexiteten kring kön/genus resulterade i riktlinjer som betonar makt och med fokus på den individuella patienten. Därmed ledde teamets analys och lärande relaterat till kön/genus paradoxalt till könsneutrala riktlinjer. Slutsatsen är att studierna, på olika sätt, visade förekomst av IPL och hur detta påverkades både positivt och negativt av professionella skillnader.
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| 5. |
- Granåsen, Magdalena, 1978-
(författare)
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Exploring C2 Capability and Effectiveness in Challenging Situations : Interorganizational Crisis Management, Military Operations and Cyber Defence
- 2019
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Modern societies are affected by various threats and hazards, including natural disasters, cyber-attacks, extreme weather events and inter-state conflicts. Managing these challenging situations requires immediate actions, suspension of ordinary procedures, decision making under uncertainty and coordinated action. In other words, challenging situations put high demands on the command and control (C2) capability. To strengthen the capability of C2, it is vital to identify the prerequisites for effective coordination and direction within the domain of interest. This thesis explores C2 capability and effectiveness in three domains: interorganizational crisis management, military command and control, and cyber defence operations. The thesis aims to answer three research questions: (1) What constitutes C2 capability? (2) What constitutes C2 effectiveness? and (3) How can C2 effectiveness be assessed? The work was carried out as two case studies and one systematic literature review. The main contributions of the thesis are the identification of perspectives of C2 capability in challenging situations and an overview of approaches to C2 effectiveness assessment. Based on the results of the three studies, six recurring perspectives of capability in the domains studied were identified: interaction (collaboration), direction and coordination, relationships, situation awareness, resilience and preparedness. In the domains there are differences concerning which perspectives that are most emphasized in order obtain C2 capability. C2 effectiveness is defined as the extent to which a C2 system is successful in achieving its intended result. The thesis discusses the interconnectedness of performance and effectiveness measures, and concludes that there is not a united view on the difference between measures of effectiveness and measures of performance. Different approaches to effectiveness assessment were identified, where assessment may be conducted based on one specific issue, in relation to a defined goal for a C2 function or using a more exploratory approach.
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| 6. |
- Drury O'Neill, Elizabeth, 1988-
(författare)
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Small-Scale Fisheries Governance : Broadening Perspectives on Markets, Relationships and Benefits in Seafood Trade
- 2016
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This licentiate adresses the relative ambiguity surounding benefit flows from small-scale fisheries seafood trade with a specific focus on how they may be impacted by market and social stuctures. Small-scale fishery governenace has previously taken a narrowly approach to sustainability. Focused on managing fishing activities, economic-led market interventions and overlooking the embededness of the fishers within a broader social structure. Also failing to address fisheries as interlinked social-ecological systems where feedbacks between the two can impact future sustainability. The larger PhD project takes a step towards combining these two out-of-focus areas by taking a systems perspective, through a Value Chain approach, to fisheries governance, associated market influences and the consequent benefit flows from marine ecosystem services. This licentiate begins by unpacking dynamics within the social realm that may impact benefit flows and ultimately resource extraction decisions, potentially contributing to feedbacks from the marine ecosystem. Research uses mixed-methods and is case-orientated with sites across two tropical marine small-scale fisheries in Zanzibar and the Philippines. Results present two market environments with distinct structures, conduct, reciprocity systems and notably, gender roles. However both systems experience economic transactions underlain by broader social relations and binds. These various features manifest themselves in different, yet often unexpected, ways through income equalities, distributions and reciprocal networks of fishers and trading actors. Once a broadened and diversified view of the SSF trading environment is appropriated, it is clear that benefit flows are impacted by various contextual features (e.g. gender, transaction forms and buyer types). Governance-related research or interventions should incorporate undervalued local attributes such as cultural characteristics, social relationships and market participation as they play a role in who benefits from seafood trade. Thus If governance is to be improved for sustainably increasing food and livelihood security it is necessary to unpack these benefit flow mechanisms and, in particular, the local social dynamics that mediate fishers’ everyday interplay with the marine ecosystem. Future steps include the aim to identify potential social-ecological feedbacks between the disentangled market environments and the local marine ecosystems as a result of interactions in SSF trade.
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| 7. |
- Nyblom, Åsa
(författare)
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Making travel sustainable with ICT? : The social practice of travel planning and travel information use in everyday life
- 2014
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Adopting the perspective of the traveller, this thesis examines how travel plans are actually made in the everyday situation and how information is used and drawn on when planning the many, often unremarkable, trips of ordinary urban life. Ethnographical field studies in southern Stockholm, Sweden, employing a practice theory perspective showed that people use a vast mixture of different types of information when planning and making trips. Therefore, the concept of travel information should be defined broadly enough to encompass informal, formal, analogue and digital types of travel information. Then, and only then, is it possible to perceive the interactions between these and see their potential as a change factor for sustainable city travel. In relation to this, situations when travel information was not used, were also identified in the qualitative data and are acknowledged and discussed in the thesis.Travel planning is in everyday practice undertaken little by little, squeezed in between other activities of daily life. It is a process more extended in time, space and content than the limited search for information about the best way to get from A to B, assumed and facilitated in many existing travel information services. Travel planning is closely connected to the overall scheduling of activities (planning of life) and thus spans much larger time frames than the single trip. Planning travel also includes consideration of issues such as preparations needed (things to be done before departure/brought on the trip); managing vehicles and equipment in time and space (getting the bicycle/car home again or safely parked); the weather (current and forecast); social relations (the potential of different travel options for relationship building or conflict triggering); social norms (e.g. of 'good parenting' or 'proper behaviour on public transport'); and health issues (wanting exercise or inability to manage stairs/luggage).The qualitative data revealed that travel information is sometimes perceived and used as a security blanket, i.e. something to hold on to and give the traveller courage on the trip until they are safe at their destination. It also showed that travel planning, depending on life situation, can be experienced as either a house of cards, i.e. if anything changes the whole house collapses and has to be rebuilt to a different layout, or a prefab building, i.e. the same prefabricated pieces are joined together in more or less the same pattern every time.Recent decades have seen rapid growth in ICT services relating to transportation. Different types of travel information services have been proposed as a means to decrease the environmental impacts of transportation through effecting behavioural change. Taking the empirical 4 insights provided by this thesis into travel planning and travel information use in practice, it is clear that travel information services of tomorrow, if connected to other ICT systems in everyday life, could be designed in a way that broadens their horizon of assistance in supporting travel planning processes in everyday life. Although, as this thesis demonstrates, the role and potential of travel information services and ICT in the work of achieving sustainable mobility should be discussed from a perspective critical of overly linear perceptions and instrumental starting points.
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| 8. |
- Hentati-Sundberg, Jonas, 1983-
(författare)
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Social-ecological dynamics in a highly regulated fisheries system - Sources of resilience and limits to command-and-control management
- 2013
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sustainable governance of natural resources is challenged by the poor understanding of complex human-nature couplings. Major advancements in resilience theory, acknowledging the importance of social-ecological linkages and the self-organizing capacity of social-ecological systems, provides a new perspective on research in sustainability science. Yet, limitations in methods and data for integrated studies of social-ecological systems limit progress in science and management. This PhD project aims to generate and test specific hypotheses building on social-ecological systems theory using a variety of methods and a long-term, multidimensional empirical dataset of the Baltic Sea social-ecological fisheries system.In paper 1, we ask which factors have impacted change in fisheries patterns in the Baltic Sea over a 15 year period, 1995-2009. We conclude that the responses of fishers are largely driven by top-down management regulations, which has favoured increasing scale of operations and specialization, and that the capacity of fishers to engage in ecosystem stewardship is low. Resilience could be enhanced through an increased focus on governance actions that can stimulate the self-organising capacity of the systemPaper 2 focuses on one particular fishery, whose long-term dynamics have been strongly driven by an ecological regime-shift in the Baltic Sea. High potential profits and weak control has raised suspicions of widespread misreporting in this fishery. By developing a new method for reconstructing catches, we suggest that under-reporting has been significant, and likely driven by high economic incentives created by ill-designed policy. This misreporting risks contributing to a negative feed-back that substantially alters the management cycle, and thereby constitutes a part of a social-ecological trap in this fishery.The research within this project so far indicates that there are good prospects for using the Baltic Sea as case for integrated social-ecological studies, aiming at informing resilience theory. Some ideas on future direction of the research are outlined.
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| 9. |
- af Hällström, Anna, 1987
(författare)
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If you want to go far, go with others – How using a collaborative project delivery model affects the project network in infrastructure construction projects
- 2021
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The growth of projects has elicited much interest in the last decades, both in academia and amongst practitioners. The increase in scale and complexity has further brought attention to the particulars of interorganisational collaboration: as projects grow, the relevance and impact of interdependencies between participating organisations rise to the surface. No organisation is an island and so a project becomes an archipelago of interconnected networks. Current literature on interorganisational collaboration focuses on contract and procurement, both important aspects of project management. There is, however, less research pertaining to project realisation and how these changes in interorganisational collaboration shape the project process. A field where this change has been especially noticeable is the infrastructure construction industry, where collaborative project management models have been introduced to reduce adversity and improve project outcomes. These new models necessitate a study of changes these new models bring with them to the conventional ways of work within the field, as they call for new processes and roles in the projects, thus changing how the actors engage with the project network. As such models are based on collaboration, the role of social ties within the project become an especially interesting question. In this work, I expand on the theory pertaining to project networks in the empirical setting of infrastructure projects applying a collaborative project management model, with the aim of examining and gaining a deeper understanding of the collaboration between interorganisational project actors in a collaborative project delivery model. The methods used in this thesis are based in the qualitative research tradition and emphasise interviewing and observation. During this work, 44 interviews were completed in a pre-study and two case projects and observation of both project’s shared office space was carried out. I also analysed project documents and analysed the social network between respondents in the case projects. My results show the importance of social relations as enablers of the realisation of expected benefits of collaborative models. They moreover illustrate the changes necessary for the models to be effective, as well as study how the use of such project models affect the actors’ engagement in the project network.
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| 10. |
- Carlsson, Eva
(författare)
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Understanding Persons with Eating Difficulties and Communication Impairment after Stroke : Patients Experiences and Methodological Issues in Qualitative Interviews
- 2006
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Difficulties with eating are common after stroke and are often associated with communication problems. Although numerous aspects of dysfunction have been identified, little is known about the experiences of living with eating difficulties after stroke. A few researchers have attempted to explore how best to ensure that the voices of people with communication impairment can be captured in qualitative research interviews, but several methodological issues related to including this population in qualitative research have remained unexamined. The purpose of the thesis was to illuminate the phenomenon of eating difficulties after stroke and to discuss methodological issues involved in interviewing persons with communication impairment. Study I had a qualitative, descriptive design involving repeated interviews and participant observations with three persons 1½ years post-stroke. Eating difficulties after stroke were experienced as Striving to live a normal life with the sub-themes Abandoned to learn on one’s own, Experiences of losses, and Feeling dependent. The findings showed that “eating difficulties after stroke” is a complex phenomenon, and that, based on the experiences of stroke survivors, there is a need for health care professionals to develop and use methods for eating training and other forms of support during the continuum of care. The combination of repeated interviews and participant observations seemed to be an approach that should be tested in larger studies. Study II was a methodological exploration based on the experiences gained in Study I and in a qualitative study involving persons with traumatic brain injury. Methodological issues related to sampling, obtaining informed consent, and fatigue in participant and researcher were discussed, and strategies for conducting qualitative interviews with these populations were suggested.
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