| 1. |
- Ewald, Jonas, 1959-
(författare)
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Challenges for the democratisation process in Tanzania. Moving towards consolidation years after independence?
- 2013
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tanzania has been independent in 2011 for 50 years. While most neighbouring states have gone through violent conflicts, Tanzania has managed to implement extensive reforms without armed political conflicts, Hence, Tanzania is an interesting case for Peace and Development research. This dissertation analyses the political development in Tanzania since the introduction of the multiparty system in 1992, with a focus on the challenges for the democratisation process in connection with the 2000 and 2005 elections. The question of to what extent Tanzania had moved towards a consolidation of democracy, is analysed by looking at nine different institutions of importance for democratisation grouped in four spheres: the state, the political, civil and economic society. Focus is on the development of the political society, and the role of the opposition in particular. The analysis is based on secondary and primary material collected between September 2000 to April 2010. The main conclusion is that even if the institutions of liberal democracy have gradually developed, in practice single-party rule has continued, manifested in the 2005 election when the CCM won 92% of seats. Despite impressive economic growth, poverty remains deep and has not been substantially reduced. On a theoretical level this brings the old debate between liberal and substantive democracy back to the fore. Neither the economic nor the political reforms have brought about a transformation of the political and economic system resulting in the poor majority gaining substantially more political influence and improved economic conditions. Hence, it is argued that the interface between the economic, political and administrative reforms has not been sufficiently considered in the liberal democratic tradition. Liberal democracy is necessary for a democratic development, but not sufficient for democracy to be consolidated. For that a substantive democratic development is necessary.About the author:Jonas Ewald is lecturer and researcher in Peace and Development Studies. His main research areas are democratisation and its linkages to development, conflicts, and post-conflict management, with a focus on East Africa/Great Lakes Region—and Tanzania and Rwanda in particular.
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| 4. |
- Ewald, Jonas, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Tanzania Local government reform - towards de-centralisation or recentralisation? (Abstract accepted for presentation in the panel Local State-making in Africa.
- 2015
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Ingår i: AEGIS V (Africa-Europe Group for Interdisciplinary Studies) Bi-annual Conference, Paris, July 7-8 2015. - Paris, France.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tanzania Local government reform - towards de-centralissation or recentralisation? This paper present fresh field work data from case studies carried out from January 2014 to Mars 2015 on to what extent the Tanzanian Local Government Reform Programmes (LGRP) 2000-2013 has brought about more democratic decision making processes – and state building on local level. The LGRP is a typical “Blueprint administrative reform funded and guided by international donors’ agencies”. The main findings is that the outcomes of the LGRP on improving the democratic processes at the local level has been limited. We examine to what extent various actors, including national and local CSO, at various levels can exercise horizontal and vertical accountability. We also look at the role of large international mining companies and local governments. Our findings indicate that the LGR have inadequately changed the existing power relations, political elite interests and ideology of the political actors. Real power still lies in the hands of the ruling party elites at the National and District level and constrains power sharing at the Local Government Authority (LGA) levels and at the Ward, Village and Sub village level. The LGR has not provided adequate mechanisms, processes and incentives to hold political elites and the duty bearers to account, neither vertically nor horizontally. Power distribution has remained Top-Down with increasing conflict of interest between the Top and the Bottom. Local governance is inadequately addressing the existing competing interests e.g. personal versus public, party versus collective, local versus national. In addition, mediating competing claims over resources remains, in particular in mineral rich areas. One of the largest constraints is the lack of awareness, information and capacity to process information by citizens, and elected members of the political structures.
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| 5. |
- Ewald, Jonas, 1959-
(författare)
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Rwanda
- 2008
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Ingår i: Africa Yearbook 4. - Leiden : Brill Academic Publishers. - 9789004168053 - 9789047443520 ; , s. 347-359
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regional conflict dynamics and political development in Rwanda 2007 is analysed. Reforms, institution building, effort to balance between reconciliation and justice is analysed. Human rights and the debate on the political space in Rwanda are assessed. Rwanda's relation to the region and the international society is discussed.
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| 6. |
- Ewald, Jonas, 1959-
(författare)
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Är demokrati och utveckling ömsesidigt förstärkande?
Ett exempel från Tanzania
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Under 1990- och 2000-talets utvecklingsforskningsdebatt etablerades föreställningen att fattigdom kunde brytas med hjälp av liberala ekonomiska reformer, liberala politiska reformer och new-public management inspirerade förvaltningsreformer samt att de tre ”reformpaketen” var ömsesidigt förstärkande, oavsett i vilken kontext de tillämpades.Men är det verkligen så? Det är en fråga som jag intresserat mig för i min forskning om demokratiseringsprocessen i Tanzania, i olika omgångar med fältstudier sedan flerpartisystemet infördes 1992, senast nu i september 2013. Jag vill här peka på några sidoeffekter av de olika reformpaketen som tvärtemot den förgivet tagna positiva samverkan mellan liberalisering av ekonomin och införande av flerpartisystem och ”gott styrelseskicksreformer” riskerar att underminera viktiga mål inom andra politikområden, om de inte beaktas.
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| 8. |
- Ewald, Jonas, 1959-
(författare)
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Challenges for the democratisation process in Tanzania : Moving towards consolidation 50 years after independence?
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tanzania has been independent in 2011 for 50 years. While most neighbouring states have gone through violent conflicts, Tanzania has managed to implement extensive reforms without armed political conflicts. Hence, Tanzania is an interesting case for Peace and Development research. This thesis analyses the political development in Tanzania since the introduction of the multiparty system in 1992, with a focus on the challenges for the democratisation process in connection with the 2000 and 2005 elections. The question of to what extent Tanzania has moved towards a consolidation of democracy, is analysed through an analysis of nine different institutions of importance for democratisation, grouped in four spheres, the state, the political, civil and economic society. Focus is on the development of the political society, and the role of the opposition in particular. The analysis is based on secondary and primary material collected in the period September 2000 to April 2010. The main conclusion is that even if the institutions of liberal democracy have gradually developed, in practice single-party rule has continued, manifested in the 2005 election when the CCM won 92% of the seats in the parliament. Despite an impressive economic growth, poverty remains deep and has not been substantially reduced. On a theoretical level this brings the old debate between liberal and substantive democracy back to the fore. Neither the economic nor the political reforms have apparently brought about a transformation of the political and economic system resulting in the poor majority gaining substantially more political influence and improved economic conditions. Hence, it is argued that the interface between the economic, political and administrative reforms has not been sufficiently considered in the liberal democratic tradition. Liberal democracy is necessary for a democratic development, but not sufficient for democracy to be consolidated. For that a substantive democratic development is necessary.
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| 9. |
- Ewald, Jonas, 1959-
(författare)
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Rwanda : Political, Economic and International development 2004
- 2005
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Ingår i: Africa Yearbook Volume 1. - Leiden : Brill Academic Publishers. - 9004144625 - 9789004144620 ; , s. 313-325
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chapter analyses Rwanda´s political, and socio-economic developments in 2004. The post-genocide tensions, efforts to build institutions for reconciliation and justice and the regional conflict dynamics are assesed and put in context.
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| 10. |
- Ewald, Jonas, 1959-
(författare)
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Rwanda : Political, Economic and International development 2005
- 2006
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Ingår i: Africa Yearbook Volume 2. - Leiden : Brill Academic Publishers. - 9789004154865 ; , s. 310-322
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rwanda's political and economic development 2005 is analysed. The reconciliation process and the proceedings of the gaca gaca courts as well as the trial processes in the International tribunal for Rwanda is summarised. The regional and international relations is discussed, and the conflict dynamic assessed. Challenges are identified.
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