| 1. |
- Högström, Ebba, et al.
(författare)
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Boende och livsmiljö för personer med psykisk ohälsa : en forskningsrapport om stödinsatser, samarbete över förvaltningsgränser och bostadsförsörjning
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna rapport har vi redovisat den första delen av två i det tvärvetenskapliga forskningsprojektet LEX-projektet. Hållbara livsmiljöer för psykiskt funktionshindrade. Att integrera bostadsplanering och välfärdsservice genom nya kollaborativa praktiker. Vår utgångspunkt var att ta reda på mer om vad som kännetecknar stödinsatser riktade till människor med psykisk funktionsnedsättning och hur dessa organiseras, samt undersöka tvärsektoriell samverkan i fråga om planering för bostadsförsörjning och inkluderande livsmiljöer. Vårt material visar att målgruppen för boende- och stödinsatser har förändrats. Personer med funktionsnedsättningar till följd långvarig psykossjukdom utgör fortfarande en central grupp, ofta med behov av insatser med hög servicenivå. Målgruppen för insatserna är dock stadd i förändring och detta har i några kommuner medfört en utveckling mot en mer generell organisation för stödinsatserna utan specialistfunktioner. Boendeinsatser beslutade i enlighet med SoL dominerar men en blandning av förhållningssätt kan ses, från enskilda undantag där LSS tillämpas till en kommun där alla beslut om bostad med särskild service tas enligt LSS. När det gäller verksamhetstyperna för stödinsatser dominerar det traditionella gruppboendet och boendestödet. Vissa menar att gruppboendet som typ kommer på sikt att försvinna, och bland verksamhetsansvariga finns det en samsyn att fältet i stort är på väg mot en inriktning att arbeta i riktning mot ökad självständighet och autonomi för brukarna inom verksamheterna. Hur socialtjänst och samhällsbyggnadsförvaltningar arbetar tillsammans med frågor som berör målgruppen skiljer sig åt mellan kommunerna. Arbetet organiseras ibland i nätverk, ibland handlar det om koordinering, i vissa fall samarbete eller samverkan vilket gör att den gemensamma spelplanen ser tämligen olika ut. I en del kommuner finns det fora för kontinuerligt gemensamt arbete, i andra anses det inte behövas alls. Hur möten mellan de båda förvaltningarna organiseras, på vems initiativ och ansvar hanteras på olika sätt. Det är en komplex bild som träder fram där frågor förs fram i olika instanser och på olika nivåer inom den egna förvaltningen såväl som mellan förvaltningarna. När det gäller det kommunala bostadsförsörjningsansvaret är arbetet med att ta fram bostadsförsörjningsprogrammet en viktig del. Tjänstepersoner från olika förvaltningar engageras på olika sätt i detta arbete, från samordning och koordinering till långsiktiga strategiska samarbeten. Olika typer av roller utvecklas, som initiativtagare, informationsgivare, expert eller språkrör med olika handlingsutrymmen.Socialtjänstens erfarenhetsbaserade kunskap om rådande situation för olika grupper tas inte alltid i bruk. Att frågan är politisk känslig och hellre förs fram som en bred målsättning om ’bostad för alla’ utan tydligare konkretisering framträder i materialet. De kommunala strategierna kring lokalisering av bostäder med särskild service handlar om omvandling av befintliga lokaler, bygga nya boenden i redan uppbyggda bostadsområden samt planering för nya boenden i stadsutvecklingsprocesser. Det övergripande mönstret för lokaliseringen av boenden är i bostadsområden men i utkanten, en kompromiss mellan socialförvaltningens idéer om social inkludering och samhällsbyggnadsförvaltningarnas tankar om integritet. Brukarnas möjligheter att skaffa sig positiva grannkontakter kan dock försvåras av sådana perifera lokaliseringar. Vad en inkluderande, ‘god’, livsmiljö skulle kunna vara för personer med psykisk funktionsnedsättning visar sig vara en ny frågeställning för våra informanter. Flera informanter från socialtjänsten inte tidigare funderat över hur boenden och sysselsättning förhåller sig till varandra geografiskt och på vilket sätt det påverkar upplevelser av livsmiljön. Att frågan om inkluderande livsmiljöer för vår målgrupp skulle kunna ses som en del i den bredare samhällsplaneringen var inte självklart för samhällsplanerarna. Det framkom också att det är svårare för kommunen att ställa krav på de som bygger boenden med särskild service och andra liknande omsorgsboenden än när det gäller kommunhus, bibliotek eller simhallar, något som avspeglas i lokalisering och arkitektonisk kvalitet.
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| 2. |
- Fjellfeldt, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Fringe or Not Fringe? : Strategies for Localizing Supported Accommodation in a Post‐Deinstitutional Era
- 2021
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Ingår i: Social Inclusion. - Lisbon, Portugal : Cogitatio Press. - 2183-2803. ; 9:3, s. 201-213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Finding suitable locations for supported accommodations is crucial both for the wellbeing of individuals with psychiatric disabilities (PD) and to achieve the objectives of the mental health care reform in order to create opportunities for social inclusion. This article explores municipal strategies for localizing supported accommodations for people with PD. In a multiple case study, interviews with 20 municipal civil servants from social services and urban planning were conducted. Three strategies were identified and further analyzed with a public location theory approach: (1) re‐use, i.e., using existing facilities for a new purpose, (2) fill‐in, i.e., infilling new purpose‐built facilities in existing neighborhoods, and (3) insert, i.e., inserting new premises or facilities as part of a new development. The article shows that the “re‐use” strategy was employed primarily for pragmatic reasons, but also because re‐using former care facilities was found to cause less conflicts, as residents were supposedly used to neighbors with special needs. When the “fill‐in” and “insert” strategies were employed, new accommodations were more often located on the outskirts of neighborhoods. This was a way to balance potential conflicts between residents in ordinary housing and residents in supported accommodations, but also to meet alleged viewpoints of service users’ need for a quiet and secluded accommodation. Furthermore, ideas associated with social services’ view of social inclusion and urban planning’s notion of “tricky” tenants significantly influenced localization strategies. Finally, this article is also a call for more empirical research on the decision‐making processes, use of strategies (intended or not) and spatial outcomes, when localizing supported accommodation for people with PD and other groups in need of support and service.
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| 3. |
- Bertoni, Marco, et al.
(författare)
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The Rise of Social Product Development
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Networking and Virtual Organisations. - Australia : Inderscience Publishers. - 1741-5225 .- 1470-9503. ; 11:2, s. 188-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the paper is to discuss the rising potential of social software to increase the knowledge management capabilities of virtual product development teams. It presents six fundamental transitions, elaborated from the empirical findings, which justify the rise of a more bottom-up, social creation and sharing of engineering knowledge in the virtual organisation. The study suggests that traditional engineering knowledge management approaches alone are not sufficient to support development activities in the virtual organisation, and that such teams display an increasing demand for social, comparatively lightweight and remixable platforms for bottom-up, social creation and sharing of knowledge.
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| 4. |
- Nilsson, Lina, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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The importance of Interaction in the implementation of information technology in health care : A symbolic interactionism study on the meaning of accessibility
- 2012
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Ingår i: Informatics for Health and Social Care. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1753-8157 .- 1753-8165. ; 37:4, s. 277-290
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A challenge when groups from different disciplines work together in implementing health information technology (HIT) in a health-care context is that words often have different meanings depending upon work practices, and definition of situations. Accessibility is a word commonly associated with HIT implementation. This study aimed to investigate different meanings of accessibility when implementing HIT in everyday work practice in a health-care context. It focused on the perspective of nurses to highlight another view of the complex relationship between HIT and information in a health-care context. This is a qualitative study influenced by institutional ethnographic. District nurses and student nurses were interviewed. The results indicate that when implementing HIT accessibility depends on working routines, social structures and patient relationship. The findings of the study suggest that interaction needs to take on a more important role when implementing HIT because people act upon words from the interpreted meaning of them. Symbolic interactionism is proposed as a way to set a mutual stage to facilitate an overall understanding of the importance of the meaning of words. There is a need for making place and space for negotiation of the meaning of words when implementing HIT in everyday work practice.
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| 5. |
- Olander, Ewy
(författare)
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Hälsovägledning i barnhälsovården : syntetisering av två uppdrag
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Child Health Services (CHS) form a strategic arena for Swedish health promotion, from a societal as well as individual perspective. The present study focuses on district nurses´ health counselling in CHS. The aim is to improve understanding of what is important in shaping and accomplishing health promotion, and to generate theory useful in a CHS context. Data were collected at CHS in primary health care. Data sources consist of video-observations with recalled interviews of seven district nurses’ meetings with parents and children during open consultations, field notes, notes from group discussions and individual interviews. Data from findings in my earlier study of health counselling in CHS were also used. Data analysis followed the classic Grounded Theory (GT) method. In accordance with GT, concepts and categories were integral parts of a constant comparative analysis. Empirical data indicated that health promotion in CHS has two approaches, a population approach and an individual approach. District nurses thus have two missions: a public health mission (a government demand based on families as parts of the population), and a family health mission (a request from individual families). District nurses' main concern in CHS is to synthesise these two opposing missions and approaches in their practical work at the CHC (Child Health Centres). The category Population-individualisation evolved as the core category. Subcategories are Two-facedness, Individualisation efforts, Normality focus, Case record concern, Communication staging and Action scope promoting. Four dynamic fields between public and family health missions evolved. One is the Population-individualisation field in which general concerns for public health are combined with considering the needs of the specific family. The other fields were labelled Individual support, Population inspection and Routine check-up. Four patterns for synthesis evolved. One is a Hypothetical ideal proceeding. This is a synthesis where both approaches are equally strong. Three patterns with oscillatory movements were evident in praxis: a Sig-sagging pattern with small oscillating movements, a Pendulating pattern with longer movements and a Compensating pattern with different movements compensating each other. Through the generating analysis a substantive theory could be formulated. The generated theory grounded in empirical data within the context of CHS provides us with knowledge that can help district nurses understand and manage their main concern for synthesising these two missions. This theory may also contribute to increased awareness among administrators, decision makers and nurse- and health promotion educators with regard to the double mission in health promotion and the strategies for coping with it. In this way, generated theory should be able to contribute to improve health promotion and health counselling in CHS.
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| 6. |
- Arnesson, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Integration of theory and practice in higher education
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Educational Research. - : Elsevier. - 0883-0355 .- 1873-538X. ; 53, s. 370-380
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study demonstrates the suitability of the interactive research approach. When the academy interacted with practitioners common knowledge was created. A core result of the article is the development of a model for sustainable learning. In the centre is a learning process for the integration of theory and practice.
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| 7. |
- Bai, Guohua
(författare)
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A Sociocybernetic Model of Sustainable Social Systems
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ongoing economic crisis world around has asked for a theoretical understanding and deep analysis of what have been wrong in our economic system in specific and social system as whole. Discussions in many forums and mass media have mostly focused on a level of first order casual-effects such as bank and credit system in relation to house loans and car industries, and where and how much the stimulating packages should be distributed, etc. This is what I called a liveability level problem. A second order understanding of fundamental systems structure and social subsystems relationships however, have not been much addressed properly. This is what I called the sustainability problem. This paper will propose an epistemological model based on cybernetic feedback principle and the Activity Theory to interpret the second order problems that deeply embed in our social-economic system structure. So the liveability and sustainability are coherently discussed within a socio-cybernetic system. The first part of the paper introduces shortly principles of feedbacks from cybernetics, especially understanding the behaviours of positive and negative feedbacks. Then, the Activity Theory and related concepts from social autopoietic theory are introduced. The aim of introducing those concepts is to provide the basic elements/components to the construction of a double-loops feedback model in the second part. In the last, the current economic crisis is interpreted based on the constructed model, to verify the usability of the proposed model.
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| 8. |
- Bai, Guohua, et al.
(författare)
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Coping with System Sustainability : A Sociocybernetics Framework for Social-Economic System Architecture
- 2012
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Ingår i: Systems research and behavioral science. - : Wiley Blackwell. - 1092-7026 .- 1099-1743. ; 29:3, s. 263-273
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposes an epistemological model based on cybernetic principles and activity theory to interpret two levels of problems that are intertwined in our social-economic system, namely the liveability and sustainability problems. In the first part of the paper, important principles and concepts from related fields of cybernetics and activity theory are introduced for later construction of a model. In the second part, a model is constructed based on the introduced concepts. To validate the proposed model, the current economic crisis is studied in the third part. An important contribution of the proposed model is a theoretical understanding of the two levels problems, and how to construct macro social-economical policies to avoid similar crisis in the future.
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| 9. |
- Borg, Anton
(författare)
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On Descriptive and Predictive Models for Serial Crime Analysis
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Law enforcement agencies regularly collect crime scene information. There exists, however, no detailed, systematic procedure for this. The data collected is affected by the experience or current condition of law enforcement officers. Consequently, the data collected might differ vastly between crime scenes. This is especially problematic when investigating volume crimes. Law enforcement officers regularly do manual comparison on crimes based on the collected data. This is a time-consuming process; especially as the collected crime scene information might not always be comparable. The structuring of data and introduction of automatic comparison systems could benefit the investigation process. This thesis investigates descriptive and predictive models for automatic comparison of crime scene data with the purpose of aiding law enforcement investigations. The thesis first investigates predictive and descriptive methods, with a focus on data structuring, comparison, and evaluation of methods. The knowledge is then applied to the domain of crime scene analysis, with a focus on detecting serial residential burglaries. This thesis introduces a procedure for systematic collection of crime scene information. The thesis also investigates impact and relationship between crime scene characteristics and how to evaluate the descriptive model results. The results suggest that the use of descriptive and predictive models can provide feedback for crime scene analysis that allows a more effective use of law enforcement resources. Using descriptive models based on crime characteristics, including Modus Operandi, allows law enforcement agents to filter cases intelligently. Further, by estimating the link probability between cases, law enforcement agents can focus on cases with higher link likelihood. This would allow a more effective use of law enforcement resources, potentially allowing an increase in clear-up rates.
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| 10. |
- Rönkkö, Kari
(författare)
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Interpretation, interaction and reality construction in software engineering : An explanatory model
- 2007
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Ingår i: Information and Software Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0950-5849 .- 1873-6025. ; 49:6, s. 682-693
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The incorporation of social issues in software engineering is limited. Still, during the last 20 years the social element inherent in software development has been addressed in a number of publications that identified a lack of common concepts, models, and theories for discussing software development from this point of view. It has been suggested that we need to take interpretative and constructive views more seriously if we are to incorporate the social element in software engineering. Up till now we have lacked papers presenting 'simple' models explaining why. This article presents a model that helps us better to understand interpretation, interaction and reality construction from a natural language perspective. The concepts and categories following with the model provide a new frame of reference useful in software engineering research, teaching, and methods development.
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