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- Wu, Jing, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of social networks and APOE ε4 on dementia among older adults: Tests of possible interactions
- 2020
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Ingår i: Aging & Mental Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1360-7863 .- 1364-6915. ; 24:3, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Emerging evidence suggests that social networks may protect against the development of dementia among older adults. In this study we analysed the association between social networks, the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele, and dementia. We also investigated whether there were gender-specific patterns in this respect. Method: The analyses used population-based longitudinal data from Gothenburg, Sweden: the H70 Birth Cohort Study and the Prospective Population Study on Women (PPSW). A total of 580 individuals born in 1930 underwent semi-structured neuropsychiatric examinations in 2000–2001. Follow-up examinations were carried out in 2005–2006 and 2009–2010. The timing of dementia onset was analysed using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: The presence of the APOE ε4 allele affected the risk of developing dementia in both genders. Among women, distant social networks had a protective effect on dementia, while among men the significant associations between close social networks and dementia did not remain after controlling for covariates. Significant interactions between social networks and the APOE ε4 allele were not found. Conclusion: Strong social networks do not seem to moderate the increased risk of dementia implied by the APOE ε4 allele. Nevertheless, our results underline the importance of strong social networks in postponing dementia onset and indicate that their impact may differ among men and women.
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| 4. |
- Wu, Jing, et al.
(författare)
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Social networks may decrease the risk of genes on dementia among older adults?
- 2016
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Ingår i: The paper was orally presented at the conference "18TH EPA SECTION MEETING IN EPIDEMIOLOGY & SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY: Social Psychiatry and Epidemiology in a changing world", 30th November – 3rd December 2016, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives: Emerging evidence suggests that social networks may provide a protective mechanism against the development of dementia among older adults. In this paper the relationship between social networks and the onset of dementia is studied. Special attention is given to the potential interaction effect between genetic factors, in this case the presence of APOE ε4 allele, and the strength of social networks. Two hypotheses are tested. First, a weak social network is associated with an increased risk of dementia. Second, the association between a weak social network and dementia is particularly strong among carriers of the APOE ε4 allele. Methods: The analyses build on population based longitudinal data Gothenburg, Sweden - the H70 Birth Cohort Study. At baseline (2000-01), 923 individuals without dementia underwent semi-structured neuropsychiatric examinations. Factor analysis was utilized to categorize social networks variables. Binary logistic regression models were used to examine the effects of APOE ε4 allele, social networks, and their interaction on dementia. Results and Conclusions: Our preliminary results showed an association between APOE ε4 allele and the risk of developing dementia. We initially observed an interaction between social networks and APOE ε4 allele. The preliminary conclusions can be made that genetic factors (APOE ε4 allele) and social networks are interactively related to dementia risk and that social networks might decrease the risk of genes (APOE ε4 allele) on dementia among older adults.
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| 7. |
- Berglund, Tomas, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Factors Affecting Prolonged Working Life for the Older Workforce: the Swedish Case
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies. - : Det Kgl. Bibliotek/Royal Danish Library. - 2245-0157. ; 7:1, s. 19-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to uncover some of the mechanisms that could make the older workforce willing and able to stay employed. Our focus is on work-related factors that predict the probability of staying in employment despite entitlement to old-age pension. The analyses are based on data from the first and second waves of the Panel Survey of Ageing and the Elderly (PSAE). The focus is on employed persons aged 52–59 years in 2002/2003 and the probability that they were still employed in 2010/2011.The analysis focuses on the work situation for the respondents in 2002–2003. Our analysis shows that physical job demands (negatively) and job satisfaction (positively) have an effect on the probability of staying. However, a counteracting force seems to be a norm to quit related to aging, emphasized by the institutionalized pension system, and the values and preferences connected to life as a pensioner.
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| 8. |
- Wu, Jing, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of social networks and APOE ɛ4 on dementia among older adults: Tests of possible interactions
- 2017
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Ingår i: 13th Conference of the European Sociological Association (ESA): (Un)Making Europe: Capitalism, Solidarities, Subjectivities, 29th August - 1st September 2017, Athens, Greece.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Emerging evidence suggests that social networks may protect against the development of dementia among older adults. In this study, we analysed the association between social networks, the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele, and dementia. We also investigated whether there were gender-specific patterns in this respect. Methods: The analyses used population-based longitudinal data from Gothenburg, Sweden: the H70 Birth Cohort Study and the Prospective Population Study on Women (PPSW). A total of 580 individuals born in 1930 underwent semi-structured neuropsychiatric examinations in 2000–2001. Follow-up examinations were carried out in 2005–2006 and 2009–2010. The timing of dementia onset was analysed using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: The presence of the APOE ε4 allele affected the risk of developing dementia in both genders, though this did not reach statistical significance among men due to smaller sample size. Among women, distant social networks had a protective effect on dementia, while among men the significant associations between close social networks and dementia did not remain after controlling for covariates. Significant interactions between social networks and the APOE ε4 allele were not found. Conclusions: Strong social networks do not seem to moderate the increased risk of dementia implied by the APOE ε4 allele. Nevertheless, our results underline the importance of a strong social network in postponing dementia onset, and indicate that its impact varies between men and women.
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| 9. |
- Daoud, Adel, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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What Is the Association between Absolute Child Poverty, Poor Governance, and Natural Disasters? A Global Comparison of Some of the Realities of Climate Change
- 2016
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper explores the degree to which exposure to natural disasters and poor governance (quality of governance) is associated with absolute child poverty in sixty-seven middle-and low-income countries. The data is representative for about 2.8 billion of the world's population. Institutionalist tend to argue that many of society's ills, including poverty, derive from fragile or inefficient institutions. However, our findings show that although increasing quality of government tends to be associated with less poverty, the negative effects of natural disasters on child poverty are independent of a country's institutional efficiency. Increasing disaster victims (killed and affected) is associated with higher rates of child poverty. A child's estimated odds ratio to be in a state of absolute poverty increases by about a factor of 5.7 [95% CI: 1.7 to 18.7] when the average yearly toll of disasters in the child's country increases by one on a log-10 scale. Better governance correlates with less child poverty, but it does not modify the correlation between child poverty and natural disasters. The results are based on hierarchical regression models that partition the variance into three parts: child, household, and country. The models were cross-sectional and based on observational data from the Demographic Health Survey and the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, which were collected at the beginning of the twenty-first millennium. The Sustainable Development Goals are a principle declaration to halt climate change, but they lack a clear plan on how the burden of this change should be shared by the global community. Based on our results, we suggest that the development agencies should take this into account and to articulate more equitable global policies to protect the most vulnerable, specifically children.
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| 10. |
- Halleröd, Björn, 1960-
(författare)
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Den svenska fattigdomen : en studie av fattigdom och socialbidragstagande
- 1991
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the thesis three main questions are analyzed: (a) How should poverty be defined? (b) What are the empirical implications of the choice of definition? (c) Why did the number of people, receiving social assistance increase during the first half of the 1980s?The development of social assistance in Sweden during the twentieth century and some of the more important studies of social assistance in Sweden are presented. The presentation is followed by a theoretical exposition of Swedish and international poverty research. The focus of attention is on how poverty is defined and measured and a classification of different approaches in poverty research is made. It is also emphasized that it is impossible to give an objective definition of poverty.Thereafter an empirical analysis that compares three different poverty definitions is made. The first definition defines the poor as those whose disposal income falls under the standard norm for social assistance. In the second definition the poor are defined as those who experience 'multiple deprivation'. The final definition regards those who receive social assistance as the poor. The data-set used was the Survey of Living Conditions conducted by Statistics Sweden in 1986 and 1987. It is shown that about 21 percent of the Swedish population between the ages 18 and 84 are poor in accordance with one of these definitions. Some 3.4 percent are poor according to at least two definitions, while only half a percent of the population is poor according to all three definitions. The results demonstrate that the choice of poverty definition is crucial in determining which section of the population is going to be classified as poor. An analysis of the causes of poverty reveals that the causal explanation of poverty is also dependent upon which definition is used. Thus, the concept of poverty does not refer to a single social phenomenon. Poverty is a heterogeneous concept and the choice of definition will decide which social phenomenon that is studied.The thesis closes with an emphasis on those who receive social assistance. First time recipients from 1980 are compared with first time recipients from 1985. There was no indication that the increase in social assistance during the first half of the 1980s is connected with any radically new patterns in the distribution of recipients. Unemployment seems to have been the primary explanation for the occurrence of social assistance for both these groups. It must, nevertheless be pointed out that a recipience of social assistance was usually connected with a complex situation in the individual case.
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