| 1. |
- Lagrosen, Yvonne. 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Quality management and health : a double connection
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0265-671X .- 1758-6682. ; 24:1, s. 49-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to examine and discuss the effects of quality management in the health care sector and the general effects of quality management on the health of the employees. Methodology/approach The empirical basis consists of three case studies in one industrial manufacturing company and two hospitals. The empirical data have been gathered with both qualitative and quantitative methods. Findings: The twofold value of quality management, of preventing disease by supporting more rewarding working conditions as well as improving the treatment of disease by increasing the effectiveness of health care organisations it indicated. Leadership commitment was found to be the most crucial common prerequisite for successful quality management implementation and for creating a healthy work environment. In addition, continuous improvements and participation of everybody were found to have importance for well functioning quality management as well as for health. Research limitations/implications: The paper provides additional understanding of the influence of quality management on health and a model is presented. A limitation is that the factors studied are fairly broad and for further research it will be useful to go deeper into the mechanics of them. Practical implications: The three factors leadership commitment, participation of everybody and continuous improvements have been shown to be vital contributors for health and managers should make every effort to implement them. Originality/value: The double effect of quality management on health has not been studied before and knowledge of the factors contributing to it is valuable.
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| 2. |
- Eshagh, Mehdi, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of robust techniques in suppressing the impact of outliers in a deformation monitoring network – A case study on the Tehran Milad tower network
- 2007
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Ingår i: Acta Geodaetica et Geophysica Hungarica. - : Springer Netherlands. - 1217-8977 .- 1587-1037. ; 42:4, s. 449-463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The problem of handling outliers in a deformation monitoring network is of special importance, because the existence of outliers may lead to false deformation parameters. One of the approaches to detect the outliers is to use robust estimators. In this case the network points are computed by such a robust method, implying that the adjustment result is resisting systematic observation errors, and, in particular, it is insensitive to gross errors and even blunders. Since there are different approaches to robust estimation, the resulting estimated networks may differ. In this article, different robust estimation methods, such as the M-estimation of Huber, the “Danish”, and the L 1-norm estimation methods, are reviewed and compared with the standard least squares method to view their potentials to detect outliers in the Tehran Milad tower deformation network. The numerical studies show that the L 1-norm is able to detect and down-weight the outliers best, so it is selected as the favourable approach, but there is a lack of uniqueness. For comparison, Baarda’s method “data snooping” can achieve similar results when the outlier magnitude of an outlier is large enough to be detected; but robust methods are faster than the sequential data snooping process.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Larsson, Clara, et al.
(författare)
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Visualizing Invisible Environmental Data in VR: Development and Implementation of Design Concepts for Communicating Urban Air Quality in a Virtual City Model
- 2023
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Ingår i: Communications in Computer and Information Science Volume 1819 CCIS, Pages 253 - 267. - : Springer. - 1865-0929 .- 1865-0937. ; , s. 253-267
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As cities continue to grow, the desire to combine densification with sustainability and greenery may present a challenge to air quality, resulting from reduced ventilation caused by dense buildings and vegetation. To support the careful urban planning required, effective and interactive tools that can visualize and communicate information about air quality to stakeholders are essential. In a transdisciplinary research project aiming to explore such visualizations a prototype pedagogical virtual reality tool was developed, allowing users to explore the impact of aspects of the built environment upon urban air quality. The tool was evaluated with adolescents in upper secondary school through interviews and observations, as well as with the general public through a questionnaire study. This paper provides insights, potential solutions, and initial assessments relevant to data visualization in 3D and immersive analytics in urban planning and stakeholder communication. Identified challenges include difficulties with color association and data distinguishability, and as well as tool complexity relating to the many features requested by experts involved in a transdisciplinary project.
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| 5. |
- Eriksson, Erik, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Value Propositions in Public Collaborations : Regaining Organizational Focus Through Value Configurations
- 2022
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Ingår i: British Journal of Management. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1045-3172 .- 1467-8551. ; 33:4, s. 2070-2085
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is consensus that complex problems of contemporary society call for public service collaborations. So-called public service logic (PSL) focuses on joint value creation among a multiplicity of actors in service ecosystems. Despite recognizing various actors, this logic is essentially user-centric, with the service user being the one realizing the value. Consequently, single and collaborating organizations cannot deliver value, only potential value, or so-called value propositions. The elusive public service logic takes a network value conguration for granted and as a starting point. Drawing from two cases in Swedish healthcare, this paper argues that two other value congurations (chain and shop) are also relevant for understanding the development of value propositions – and that these may be related to both intra- and inter-organizational processes. Theoretically, we conclude that just like public service logic, other collaborative public management theories need to recognize the importance of a multiplicity of value congurations and that these are often related to both intra- and inter-organizational processes. We conclude that managers should not adopt the latest network trends without first reflecting on the relevance of existing internal processes.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Mylonopoulou, Vasiliki, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Searching for Empathy: A Swedish Study on Designing for Seniors
- 2020
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Ingår i: PervasiveHealth: Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 2153-1633.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is a call to rethink how we describe groups of users and create design tools that may influence the design practice and foster specific mentalities. Many times, research literature plays an important part in the design process and decision making, yet the role it has in creating an understanding of the user is seldom discussed. To support a project focusing on designing for seniors, a multidisciplinary team selected relevant literature for the beginning of the design process. The literature selected consisted of 'mental' design tools such as methods, considerations, and design domains to support understanding and designing for seniors. This paper describes the tools suggested by the articles and concludes with a reflection on the effect of the literature we choose on the design process using the project as a design case.
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| 8. |
- Fagefors, Carina, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Application of portfolio theory to healthcare capacity management
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:2, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Healthcare systems worldwide are faced with continuously increasing demand for care, while simultaneously experiencing insufficient capacity and unacceptably long patient waiting times. To improve healthcare access and availability, it is thus necessary to improve capacity utilization and increase the efficiency of existing resource usage. For this, variations in healthcare systems must be managed judiciously, and one solution is to apply a capacity pooling approach. A capacity pool is a general, collaborative capacity that can be allocated to parts of the system where the existing workload and demand for capacity are unusually high. In this study, we investigate how basic mean-variance methodology from portfolio theory can be applied as a capacity pooling approach to healthcare systems. A numerical example based on fictitious data is used to illustrate the theoretical value of using a portfolio approach in a capacity pooling context. The example shows that there are opportunities to use capacity more efficiently and increase service levels, given the same capacity, and that a mean-variance analysis could be performed to theoretically dimension the most efficient pooling organization. The study concludes with a discussion regarding the practical usefulness of this methodology in the healthcare context.
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| 9. |
- Fagefors, Carina, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Creating short-term volume flexibility in healthcare capacity management
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 17:22, s. 1-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is well-known that unpredictable variations in supply and demand capacity in healthcare systems create the need for flexibility. The main tools used to create short-term volume flexibility in the healthcare system include overtime, temporary staff from internal calling lists, moving staff across units, internal staffing pools, external staffing agencies, queuing patients, and purchasing care from external providers. We study the creation of short-term volume flexibility in healthcare systems to manage short-term capacity losses. A questionnaire was developed and distributed among department managers in the Region Västra Götaland healthcare system. Respondents were asked to what extent they used each tool to create short-term flexibility in capacity. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Several significant tendencies were found, including that acute units use overtime and internal staffing pools to a larger extent, and patient queues and external providers to a smaller extent than planned units. The prerequisites and required managerial approaches used to manage aggregate capacity in the system efficiently differ substantially between different parts of the system. These differences must be addressed when, for example, capacity pools are considered. These results serve as a steppingstone towards a more thorough understanding of efficient capacity management in healthcare systems.
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| 10. |
- Lindgren, Erik, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of industrial X-ray computed tomography data with deep neural networks
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. ; 11840
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is increasingly utilized industrially at material- and process development as well as in non-destructive quality control; XCT is important to many emerging manufacturing technologies, for example metal additive manufacturing. These trends lead to increased needs of safe automatic or semi-automatic data interpretation, considered an open research question for many critical high value industrial products such as within the aerospace industry. By safe, we mean that the interpretation is not allowed to unawarely or unexpectedly fail; specifically the algorithms must react sensibly to inputs dissimilar to the training data, so called out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs. In this work we explore data interpretation with deep neural networks to address: robust safe data interpretation which includes a confidence estimate with respect to OOD data, an OOD detector; generation of realistic synthetic material aw indications for the material science and nondestructive evaluation community. We have focused on industrial XCT related challenges, addressing difficulties with spatially correlated X-ray quantum noise. Results are reported on training auto-encoders (AE) and generative adversarial networks (GAN), on a publicly available XCT dataset of additively manufactured metal. We demonstrate that adding modeled X-ray noise during training reduces artefacts in the generated imperfection indications as well as improves the OOD detector performance. In addition, we show that the OOD detector can detect real and synthetic OOD data and still model the accepted in-distribution data down to the X-ray noise levels.
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