| 1. |
- Gerlee, Philip, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Scientific Models : Red Atoms, White Lies and Black Boxes in a Yellow Book
- 2016
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A zebrafish, the hull of a miniature ship, a mathematical equation and a food chain - what do these things have in common? They are examples of models used by scientists to isolate and study particular aspects of the world around us. This book begins by introducing the concept of a scientific model from an intuitive perspective, drawing parallels to mental models and artistic representations. It then recounts the history of modelling from the 16th century up until the present day. The iterative process of model building is described and discussed in the context of complex models with high predictive accuracy versus simpler models that provide more of a conceptual understanding. To illustrate the diversity of opinions within the scientific community, we also present the results of an interview study, in which ten scientists from different disciplines describe their views on modelling and how models feature in their work. Lastly, it includes a number of worked examples that span different modelling approaches and techniques. It provides a comprehensive introduction to scientific models and shows how models are constructed and used in modern science. It also addresses the approach to, and the culture surrounding modelling in different scientific disciplines. It serves as an inspiration for model building and also facilitates interdisciplinary collaborations by showing how models are used in different scientific fields. The book is aimed primarily at students in the sciences and engineering, as well as students at teacher training colleges but will also appeal to interested readers wanting to get an overview of scientific modelling in general and different modelling approaches in particular.
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| 2. |
- Gerlee, Philip, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Scientific Models
- 2016
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A zebrafish, the hull of a miniature ship, a mathematical equation and a food chain - what do these things have in common? They are examples of models used by scientists to isolate and study particular aspects of the world around us. This book begins by introducing the concept of a scientific model from an intuitive perspective, drawing parallels to mental models and artistic representations. It then recounts the history of modelling from the 16th century up until the present day. The iterative process of model building is described and discussed in the context of complex models with high predictive accuracy versus simpler models that provide more of a conceptual understanding. To illustrate the diversity of opinions within the scientific community, we also present the results of an interview study, in which ten scientists from different disciplines describe their views on modelling and how models feature in their work. Lastly, it includes a number of worked examples that span different modelling approaches and techniques. It provides a comprehensive introduction to scientific models and shows how models are constructed and used in modern science. It also addresses the approach to, and the culture surrounding modelling in different scientific disciplines. It serves as an inspiration for model building and also facilitates interdisciplinary collaborations by showing how models are used in different scientific fields. The book is aimed primarily at students in the sciences and engineering, as well as students at teacher training colleges but will also appeal to interested readers wanting to get an overview of scientific modelling in general and different modelling approaches in particular.
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| 3. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(författare)
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The Price of Precaution and the Ethics of Risk
- 2011
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Since a couple of decades, the notion of a precautionary principle plays a central and increasingly influential role in international as well as national policy and regulation regarding the environment and the use of technology. Urging society to take action in the face of potential risks of human activities in these areas, the recent focus on climate change has further sharpened the importance of this idea. However, the idea of a precautionary principle has also been problematised and criticised by scientists, scholars and policy activists, and been accused of almost every intellectual sin imaginable: unclarity, impracticality, arbitrariness and moral as well as political unsoundness. In that light, the very idea of precaution as an ideal for policy making rather comes out as a dead end. On the basis of these contrasting starting points, Christian Munthe undertakes an innovative, in-depth philosophical analysis of what the idea of a precautionary principle is and should be about. A novel theory of the ethics of imposing risks is developed and used as a foundation for defending the idea of precaution in environmental and technological policy making against its critics, while at the same time avoiding a number of identified flaws. The theory is shown to have far-reaching consequences for areas such as bio-, information- and nuclear technology, and global environmental policy in areas such as climate change. The author argues that, while the price we pay for precaution must not be too high, we have to be prepared to pay it in order to act ethically defensible. A number of practical suggestions for precautionary regulation and policy making are made on the basis of this, and some challenges to basic ethical theory as well as consumerist societies, the global political order and liberal democracy are identified
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Bengtsson, Lars, 1963
(författare)
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Electrical Measurement Systems and Methods
- 2014
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book treats a wide range of aspects on electrical measurement systems and the methods used to acquire data from electronic systems. That includes sensors and sensor design, amplifiers such as differential and charge amplifiers, ADCs and DACs, digital oscilloscopes, cable theory and probes, noise and noise coupling, common and normal mode signals. This first part (chapters 1-8) doesn’t require any advanced mathematics and is aimed towards undergraduates. The second part (chapters 9-17) is on an advanced level (master level) and treats transform theory (Fourier, Laplace, z) and how to handle signals in frequency space. We cover the sampling theorem (Nyquist), resolution bandwidth, frequency spectrum distortions like aliasing and leakage and how to apply windows in a frequency spectrum. We also cover systems and signal processing in time-space, including convolution and correlation, filter theory and filter design (both analog and digital). The last chapters concern the statistical aspects on measurement systems and signals, like point and interval estimations, curve fitting and uncertainty estimations according to the GUM method.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Brusselaers, Nicolas, 1993-
(författare)
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The impact of off-site construction transport on air quality
- 2023
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- While transport is inevitable in our economy and daily lives, it also engenders negative effects on the society and environment. The effects of air pollution are responsible for more than 364,200 premature deaths in Europe each year. Most urban areas still exceed the NOx and PM WHO air quality guidelines, of which a large share of pollutants is attributable to freight transport. The construction sector forms no exception, as it intrinsically strongly relies on off-site logistics activities, i.e. transports to and from sites. Although construction works lead to an urban economic uptake on the long-haul, the environmental nuisances from construction logistic (CL) activities during the works have so far been overlooked. This thesis focuses on the air quality impact of off-site construction transport, covering four main parts. First, as there is a lack of knowledge within cities on how to set construction transport demands and how to involve actors in these processes, a stakeholder framework is presented. Next, I identify the available and required transport data (and digitization possibilities) to assess the sector’s environmental impact, such as On-Board Units. Secondly, impact assessments were conducted across various construction supply chain implementations, on single-site, city-wide and national level. Hence, a methodological approach to derive construction-related vehicles from Heavy-Goods Vehicle (HGV) traffic based on algorithmic and geospatial analyses is proposed. Results indicate that construction transport represents 26.40% of total HGV traffic in the Brussels-Capital Region (BCR), generating €45,631.85 of external costs per workday, and 17.58% in Belgium (or €1.45mio per day). Subsequently, the framework was deployed to assess the transport performance of the multimodal Brussels Construction Consolidation Centre. The use of this setup can mitigate external costs by up to 59% compared to business-as-usual operations, most notably on congestion and climate change costs. However, improvements are necessary to tackle local emissions, attributable to less performant -yet ubiquitous- vessel engines. Air pollution damage costs also remain high on city level analyses, with CL inflicting €55,123.07 per month (or €2,505.59 per workday) in the BCR. A fortiori, with the growing concern on urban air quality, this raises the question of where, when and by whom the most exposure costs are inflicted. So far, the geo-temporal link between the emitting freight vehicle and its receptor densities was considered static. The third part introduces a dynamic impact-pathway approach, highlighting that PM & NO2 source impacts engender €61.604 of health costs in the BCR each day. Large differences were found on the local level compared to the traditional static approach, indicating that the proposed dynamic methodology should be used for micro-scale analyses (on link, building or neighborhood level). Striking is that vulnerable population segments such as toddlers, school children and elderly, who are more sensible to the effects of air pollution, incur 60.28% of the total health costs, although these segments represent only a quarter of the BCR population. Moreover, a strong overlap was found between the receptor’s presence (in particular children) and peak freight traffic movements. The fourth part investigates the exposure effects when off-site construction transport flows are spatiotemporally rerouted around air pollution hotspots. Although an increase in emissions is observed due to higher travelled distances and slower driving speeds, results show that the inflicted health costs can be mitigated up to 25.53%. Conclusively, this study suggests to decouple policies from absolute transport emissions and focus on the actual health impact, considering the spatiotemporal relationship of both emissions and receptors. Although tailoring a one-size-fits-all construction logistic plan can initially prove to be difficult due to the unique character of each construction site’s supply chain, the conducted studies also show that this individual complexity can be overcome by overall better integrated urban transport planning, and can ultimately lead to significant sustainability benefits.
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| 8. |
- Bengtsson, Lars, 1963
(författare)
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Mikrodatorteknik
- 1995
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Första delen behandlar Microchips "Base-line"-kretsar och andra delen behandlar "Midrange"-kretsarna. De flesta funktioner belyses med konstruktionsexempel. Exempel och övningar är mycket hårdvarunära och boken behandlar konstruktion av mikrodatorer från grunden. Boken är avsedd för kurser i mikrodatorteknik på högskolan eller annan högre teknisk utbildning, men kan även användas som självstudiematerial eftersom de flesta exempel ges med detaljerade och verifierade lösningar av såväl hård- som mjukvaran. Tidigare erfarenhet av assemblerprogrammering är inte nödvändig men grundläggande kunskaper i digitalteknik förutsätts. Boken kan med fördel också läsas av rutinerade assemblerprogrammerare som vill veta hur prestanda hos de nya RISC-baserade PIC-controllerna står sig i konkurrensen med de mer etablerade enchipscontrollerna, t ex HC11 och 8751, som bygger på traditionell CISC-arkitektur.
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| 10. |
- Blom, Vidar, et al.
(författare)
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Fiskebåtarna & Varven - Fartygen, svenskbyggda motoriserade träfiskefartyg i svenskt fiske
- 2002
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Beskriver historien över 1000 motoriserade fiskebåtar med träskrov. Förutom fartygsnamn och hemmahamn ges dokumenterade uppgifter om ägarna under fartygens skiftande historia, motorbyten och vad som blev fartygens öde. Fartygen har blivit kondemnerade, minsprängts, förlist, bunnit etc. En stor del av fartygen fanns fortfarande kvar i drift år 2000 - ett flertal som fritidsfartyg och några som ännu var fiskefartyg.
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